【www.guakaob.com--电气工程师】
如果查不出潜在危机，价格再低，路程再近，你，还会选择吗？
揭开四维彩超的真相
随着人们对下一代健康的重视，越来越多的人开始运用四维彩超来排查胎宝宝畸形。但是，你知道吗？并不是所有四维彩超都能查出异常情况。
今天，我们就特地请到从事妇产科超声影像工作近30年，曾多次应邀参加国际超声学术会议，并获得无数赞誉的李井成医师，为大家揭开一下四维彩超的真相：
不是所有“四维”都一个样
工欲善其事，必先利其器。要令检查无误，首先需要一台高分辨率的设备。仅就品牌而言，四维彩超就有美国GE，日本菲力浦、韩国三星，甚至还有国产的。其中，尤以美国GE系列最被业内人士认可。“如果设备分辨率不够的话，像心脏小失缺之类的情况就无法显现。”杭州艾玛妇产医院李井成主任介绍说。而GE系列中，又包含了GE730专家版、E6、E8等不同型号，每种型号可对应使用于不同的准妈妈。
GE Voluson E8 Expert：该设备是目前世界上先进的彩色超声设备，被誉为"神奇彩超"，是筛查胎儿畸形的尖端设备。具有艺术性的容积显像工具使图像采集和分析更快捷和方便，通过自动获取胎儿心脏的容积图像，有助于胎儿心脏检查图像的规范化采集。
GE Voluson E6：它的容积超声技术已经得到了世界范围的广泛认可，并一直保持着其在该领域的旗舰产品的地位。具有成像速度快，图像质量好，操作灵活简便及心血管追踪技术等优点，减少了检查时间。其断层成像功能，更是能更精确定位，明确诊断神经系统疾病。
GE Voluson 730 Expert专家版：超越普通四维彩超的局限性，引领超声领域的先驱，是世界上第一个具有真正容积超声显像技术的产品。功能强大，可以对三维数据进行实时的采集、浏览和分析处理，从面获得高品质的容积图像，有助于医生准确做出临床诊断。
准确率70%取决于医生技术
可能很多人都有这样的认知，最好的设备出最准确的结果。但在B超领域，可不是这样。李井成主任表示，B超检查结果，30%来自于仪器设备，70%取决于医生的诊断技术和经验。 尤其像早期胼胝体缺失、小脑蚓部疾病等神经系统疾病，往往要依靠于医生丰富的经验和高超的技术才能检测出来。“国家规定10年以上高年资职业医师，才有资格做这类超声检查，但实际上，光有资历远远不够，只有在胎儿排畸方面亲手经历过数万个案例，才能精准筛查出一些细微病变。”艾玛妇产医院李井成主任对此表示。
据悉，艾玛妇产医院每个月都会发现50例左右的畸形胎儿，这些畸形儿情况各异，有骨骼系统畸形、泌尿系统畸形、消化系统畸形、心脑血管系统畸形和面部器官畸形，而且有的畸形儿还几种类型兼而有之。
“今年10月，在筛查出的58例畸形胎儿中，唇裂的就占了13例，其它诸如无脑儿、右侧桡骨缺如畸形、拇指发育不良及软骨发育不全等各种畸形也不在少数。最不可思议的是有一天，连续四个接受检查的孕妇都怀了畸形胎儿。”
畸形儿的产生是家庭的不幸，社会的不幸。在短短一个月时间里发现这么多畸形胎儿，是不是代表杭州的畸形儿正越来越多呢？
“由于环境污染、工作压力等原因，现在畸形胎儿确实有愈来愈多的趋势，但像艾玛妇医院这种情况还是有一定特殊性的。”李井成主任解释说：“其实来我们医院检查出畸形儿的，有些都曾在其它各大医院进行过同类产检，但由于技术、设备等原因不能确诊，于是来这里进行复查确认。可以说，有部分畸形儿是集中到我们医院了，因此产生这种‘井喷’现象。”
据悉，目前在杭城部分医院从事四维彩超筛查的很多是李井成主任的学生，对于排畸筛查，他总是一再教诲他们要用心对待每一个案例，细心、耐心、爱心缺一不可。因为，一时的失误，带来的可能就是一个家庭一世的悲哀。
如果选择四维检查
面对众多四维彩超，你会有怎样的选择？选医院？选医生？选设备？还是价格？离家远近？是否要排队？
对此，李井成主任给出了几点建议：首先，要考虑产检时间，如果已经临近检查的日子，那么就要选择能短期内安排就诊检查的医院；
其次，也是最重要的一点，就是要考虑设备和医生资质，这直接决定了排畸的准确率。 最后，再根据孕妈咪自己健康状态，选择四维彩超筛查的级别：
I级胎儿系统产检4D检查：可对胎儿体表进行检查，可筛查胎儿致死性畸形，可筛查出无脑儿、严重的脑膨出、开放性脊柱裂、胸腹壁缺损内脏外翻、单腔心、致死性软骨发育不全。适用于无遗传性疾病、无家族史疾病、无不良生产史的孕妈妈。
II级胎儿解剖学4D检查：不仅可以排查胎儿体表问题如唇腭裂、脊柱裂、骨骼发育不良等畸形，更能为早期诊断部分胎儿先天性心脏疾病和体内结构严重缺陷等提供准确的诊断依据。适用于有心脏病史、代谢性疾病的孕妈妈。
III级胎儿解剖学检查及生理功能评估：更细致地对胎儿生长指标、胎儿解剖结构、心脏切面等进行具体检查，为早期诊断各种胎儿先天性体表畸形和部分先天性心脏疾病提供III级诊断，并能根据检查数据对胎儿生理功能进行评估，分析胎儿的生长发育情况。
适用人于高龄孕妈妈，以及有遗传性疾病、代谢性疾病和家族史疾病、心脏病史、不良生产史的孕妈妈。
李井成
▪艾玛妇产医院超声影像科主任
▪担任国家三甲医院妇产超声影像主任多年
▪从事妇产科超声影像工作近30年
▪多次应邀参加国际超声学术会议
▪唯一在美国GE超声新技术巡演上发表演讲的国内私立医院专家
▪率先将国际孕期影像超声标准应用于临床，并得到浙江省妇保专家赞赏及认可 ▪率先将盆底功能超声评估引入杭城
▪擅长应用四维超声进行妇产科、心脏、腹部及小器官的检查
▪对胎儿软指标检测、多胞胎及高危妊娠的评估、胎盘异常和胎盘定位等有丰富的经验
A Theme:
1. An honest man is the one who can face his own fault and correct it.
2. One needs more courage to admit his fault than to do it.【swell,美国】
B Organization of the text:
(Para. 1-2) The boy felt guilty after he cheated on test.
(Para.3-14) He explained why and how he planed to cheat.
(Para.15-18) He couldn’t help feeling guilty and thought himself a bad boy.
(Para.19-40) He told his father the fact and admitted it to his teacher
(Para.41-42) He was still a good boy in the father’s eyes.
C Language points:
1. run away from: 逃出, 从 ... 逃出从;回避;遥遥领先;放弃
2. Stack with: 堆起, 把 ... 堆起, 层叠
3. before long: 不久以后 Long before: 在很久以前
4. Sensible ['sensəbl] adj.明智的, 合情理的, 可觉察的, 实际的 n.可感知物=reasonable
1.You must try to be more .你得懂点儿好歹。
2.That sounds very to me.我觉得这很合理。
3.I don't think that's.我认为这是不的。
【词形变化】 副词: sensibly 名词: Sensibleness
【词义辨析】
aware, conscious, sensible这些形容词均含之意。
aware: 强调通过耳闻目睹或感觉而得到的信息，也指敏锐的观察和推断。侧重感知，多与of一起用。
conscious: 指内心的感觉，强调深刻的心理活动。
sensible: 侧重通过直觉或理性感觉意识到某物的存在。
Rational, reasonable, sensible这些形容词均有
rational ['ræʃənəl]: 指有理性的，有思维推理能力，而不是凭感觉冲动从事。
reasonable: 表示合乎情理、公正或务实。
sensible: 一般指合乎常情、切合实际的行为与思想，侧重明白事理。
6. Jolly ['dʒɔli] adj.愉快的, 快乐的
【词形变化】 副词: jollily 形容词比较级: jollier 形容词最高级: jolliest 名词: jolliness 名词复数: jollies 动词过去式: jollied
动词过去分词: jollied 动词现在分词: jollying 动词第三人称单数: jollies
7. Suspect [səs'pekt]v.怀疑, 猜想 n.嫌疑犯 adj.可疑的, 不可信的
1.He's a prime in the murder case.他是这次谋杀案的主要2.They an ambush.他们有埋伏。
3.His statements are 他的陈述。
动词过去式: suspected 动词过去分词: suspected
动词现在分词: suspecting 动词第三人称单数: suspects
【词义辨析】
doubt, suspect, distrust这些动词均含之意。
doubt: 普通用词，多指因证据不足或仅凭证据还不能肯定而产生怀疑，多含否定意味。 suspect: 指猜疑、疑心，肯定意味较多。【swell,美国】
distrust: 指疑惑、猜疑，不信任。
8. glance over: 浏览, 粗略地阅读
9. Cinch [sintʃ] n. 容易做的事情, 确定的事情
10. practically ['præktikəli] adv.实际上, 几乎, 简直
11. plain [plein] adj.清楚的, 简单的, 坦白的, 平常的, 朴素的, 纯的 n.平原, 广阔的区域 adv.完全地, 纯粹地
It' that he is the criminal.很，他是罪犯
I was 我完全是坏透了！
12. Decent ['di:snt] adj.相当好的, 体面的, 适当的, 正派的
※ I’ve thought of myself as a pretty decent kid.
13. Stick up for: :v. 维护, 为 ... 辩护
14. Anyhow ['enihau] adv. 无论如何, 不管怎样
15. hedge [hedʒ]n.树篱, 篱笆, 障碍, 防护物, 套期保值, 推诿
v.用树篱围, 避免直接回答, 两面下注
16. pull off : v. 脱, 努力实现, 赢得
17. confess [kən'fes] v. 承认, 告白, 忏悔形容词: confessable 副词: confessedly
【词义辨析】
Acknowledge, admit, confess, recognize, concede这些动词均含“承认”之意。
acknowledge: 通常指公开承认某事的真实情况或自己的过错。
admit: 强调因外力或良心驱使或经判断而明确承认，多含不情愿或被迫意味。
confess: 语气较强，着重承认自己意识到的错误或罪行，含坦白忏悔的意味。
recognize: 作“承认”解时，系书面用词，主要指合法的或外交上的承认，也指公认。 concede [kən'si:d]: 指在事实与证据面前勉强或不得不承认。
18. scold[skəuld] v.责骂, 训斥 n.斥责, 爱责骂的人
【词形变化】 副词: scoldingly 名词: scolder
动词过去式: scolded 动词过去分词: scolded
动词现在分词: scolding 动词第三人称单数: scolds
【词义辨析】
blame, accuse, condemn, scold,denounce, reproach, rebuke
这些动词均含有“责备，非难”之意。
blame: 普通用词，语气较弱，仅是一般的责难、归咎于，不含用语言责骂之意。 accuse: 语气比blame强，本义为归罪，可用作指非难或谴责之义。
condemn [kən'dem]: 正式用词，表示谴责，有较强的司法意味，侧重从道义或原则上的谴责。 scold: 普通用词，多指上级对下级、长辈对后辈或雇主对雇员的态度粗暴、言词激烈的数落。 denounce [di'nauns]: 与condemn同义，但着重公开性。
reproach [ri'prəutʃ]: 侧重指因他人粗心、自私等引起不满而去指责、找岔。
rebuke [ri'bju:k]: 多指上级对下级进行的公开、强烈、严正而不宽容的责备。隐含一定权威的意味。
19. severely[sə'virli] adv.严格地, 严重地, 严肃地, 严厉地, 朴实地
20. deceive [di'si:v] ＝cheat : vt.欺骗&vi.行骗
21. withdraw [wið'drɔ:]vt.撤回, 取回, 撤退 vi.撤退, 退缩, 走
22. accurately ['ækjuritli] adj.准确地, 精确地
23. retailer ['ri:teilə,ri'teilə] n.零售商(店)
24. initial [i'niʃəl]n.(词)首字母 adj.开始的, 最初的, 字首的 vt.签姓名的首字母于
25. expenditure [iks'penditʃə] n.开支, 消耗
26. Merchandise ['mə:tʃəndaiz] n.商品, 货物 v.推销, 销售, 经营
【词形变化】 形容词: merchandisable 名词: merchandiser
27. whip [wip] n.鞭子, 鞭打,鞭状物v.抽打, 彻底打败
My mother was the one who whipped me.
28. be ashamed to: 不好意思
Ashamed: adj.感到惭愧的, 感到害臊的
29. make a fuss: 大惊小怪, 小题大做
30.美国：
小学:Elementary school 中学:Secondary/high school
英国：
小学：Primary school 中学: secondary school
31.留级：Repeat the grade.
32. diploma [di'pləumə] n.文凭
33. Polytechnic [.pɔli'teknik] n.工艺专科学校,理工专科学校 adj.各种工艺的, 综合技术的 广东技术师范学院：Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University
34. walk about: 游荡，徘徊
35. tumbling ['tʌmbliŋ] n. 摔跤, 翻跟头, 翻筋斗
36. pole [pəul] n.杆, 柱, 极点 v.(用杆)支撑 Pole n.波兰人
钓鱼杆： a fish pole.
37. recess [ri'ses] n.休息, 幽深处, 凹缝,壁龛,放假 v.放入壁龛,作凹处,休息
海词讲解：【词形变化】
动词过去式: recessed 动词过去分词: recessed
动词现在分词: recessing 动词第三人称单数: recesses
【词义辨析】
break, rest, pause, interval, recess, cease, stop, end【swell,美国】
这些名词均含有“中止，停止，休息”之意。
break: 非正式用词，指突然的或短时间的中止，如工作或活动期间短暂休息。
rest: 指统称的休息。
pause: 指短暂的中断或停止，含再进行下去的意味。
interval: 指一出戏在幕与幕之间，音乐会上下串场之间或演出中预先安排的休息；也可泛指事件之间的一段时间。
recess: 正式用词，指业务活动或工作中短暂的或长时间的休息。
cease [si:s]: 正式用词，侧重逐渐结束某活动或状态，含永远结束的意味。
stop: 普通用词，指迅速或突然中止某行为、活动或状态。
end: 多指“自然的结束”。
38. limp [limp] n.跛行 adj.柔软的, 无力的, 软弱的 vi.跛行, 蹒跚
39. Swell v.（使）膨胀, （使）鼓起, （使）增长 n.增大,膨胀, 肿胀, 汹涌
adj.<口>很棒的,时髦的,一流的 n. 衣着时髦的人, 风头人物
40. solemn ['sɔləm] adj.庄严的, 严肃的, 隆重的
【词形变化】 副词: solemnly 名词: solemnness
41. presently['prezntli] adv. 不久, 一会儿, 现在, 目前
42. sore[sɔ:] adj.疼痛的, 痛心的, 恼火的, 严重的 n.痛处, 伤口 adv. 疼痛地
【词形变化】
形容词比较级: sorer 形容词最高级: sorest
名词: soreness 动词过去式: sored
动词过去分词: sored 动词现在分词: soring
动词第三人称单数: sores
【词义辨析】
ache, pain, sore这些名词均含有“疼、疼痛”之意。
ache: 指人体某一器官较持久的疼痛，常常是隐痛。
pain: 可与ache换用，但pain既可指一般疼痛，也可指剧痛，疼痛范围可以是局部或全身，时间可长可短。也可引申指精神上的痛苦。
sore: 指身体某部位的痛处，有是也指精神上的痛苦。
43. drop down: 卧倒, 下降
44. pail [peil] n.桶, 一桶之量
45. pale [peil] adj.苍白的, 灰白的,暗淡的, 无力的 vi.变苍白, 变黯淡, 相形见绌
n.范围,尖桩,围栏 vt.使苍白, 用围栏围住
【词形变化】
副词: palely 形容词比较级: paler
形容词最高级: palest 名词: paleness
动词过去式: paled 动词过去分词: paled
动词现在分词: paling 动词第三人称单数: pales
46. whopper ['wɔpə] n. 特大之物, 漫天大谎
47. carp [kɑ:p] n. 鲤鱼vi. 吹毛求疵
48. creek [kri:k] n. 小湾, 小溪
49. slippery ['slipəri] adj.滑的, 狡猾的, 不可靠的
【词形变化】
形容词比较级: slipperier 形容词最高级: slipperiest 名词: slipperiness
50. justify['dʒʌstifai] vt.替 ... 辩护, 证明 ... 正当 vi.调整版面
【词形变化】
动词过去式: justified 动词过去分词: justified
动词现在分词: justifying 动词第三人称单数: justifies
justify, warrant这两个动词均含
justify: 强调所提供的根据或理由不仅会迎合理性还满足了良心，并且含“如果不提供理由辨护就会受到非难”的意味。
美国GE730 四维彩超的优势
来源：济南天伦不孕不育医院责任编辑：lium2010-07-24点击量：
234
在济南天伦不孕不育医院广泛应用美国GE730四维彩超做常规妇科检查，四维彩超的应用极大的提高了对疾病的诊断率，可以更清晰的发现女性腹中病变，对查明不孕不育原因起到很大的帮助作用。什么是四维彩超？美国GE730四维彩超有哪些优势呢？
首先来了解下什么是四维彩超：
四维彩色超声诊断仪是目前世界上最先进的彩色超声设
备.“4D”是“四维”的缩写。第四维是指时间这个矢量，所以也被称作实时三维。对于超声学来说，4D超声技术是彩超行业的革命性突破，最先由韩国麦迪逊公司率先研发出并开始推广。4D超声技术就是采用3D超声图像加上时间维度参数，该革命性的技术能够实时获取三维图像，超越了传统超声的限制。它提供了包括腹部、血管、小器官、产科、妇科、泌尿科、新生儿和儿科等多领域的多方面的应用。其结果是：能够显示您未出生的宝宝的实时动态活动图像，或者其它人体内脏器官的实时活动图像。同其它3D超声诊断过程相比，4D超声使得大夫可以实时的观察人体内部器官的动态运动。比如说：医生能够根据胎儿的运动来判断胎儿的发育情况，通过对穿刺针三维平面运动的观察可以提高在超声引导下穿刺的精确性。所以临床医生
和超声科大夫可以检测和发现各种异常，从血管畸形到遗传性综合征。
美国GE730四维彩超有哪些优势：
该设备是目前世界最先进的彩色超声设备，能够清晰显示人体内脏器官的即时活动图像。与以往的普通B超、传统二维彩超系统相比，GE四维彩超能直观、立体显示人体器官的三维结构及动态，实时地观察立体结构，对孕妇产前检查，各种疾病的诊断，有着现今其他超声无可替代的优越性，极大提高了临床诊断的准确性。更形象、更直观、更丰富的诊断信息，可多角度观测到胎儿宫内生长发育情况，早期诊断胎儿各类先天性畸形，如脑膨出、脊柱裂、无脑儿、单腔心等，帮助准妈妈们生一个健康可爱的小宝宝。
都江堰美国GE-S6四维彩超
美国GE Voluson S6 妇产彩色超声诊断仪，专业妇产四维彩超
价格与性能的均衡，其巧妙的设计满足医疗实践、不同患者的状态对仪器的要求和预算的要求。
超声的新舒适区
及时获取患者的优异图像在妇女健康维护是至关重要的，繁忙而紧张的工作使该部门需要专门的技术以保证其灵活方便、
容易使用并可以快速可靠地进行常规的产科和妇科检查。
Code Scan新一代编码技术
新一代数字编码解码技术对超声脉冲进行编码及解码，将数字化超声概念从波束形成器进一步前推到超声波束，多方面提高了超声波图像质量，更为CE（Coded Excitation）编码激励， CHI（Coded Harmonics）编码二次谐波技术等
一系列临床应用技术提供了基础。
TruAccess （Raw-data Processing）快速原始数据处理技术
数字化原始数据处理技术更真实地获取和保留超声图像信息，提高灵活处理图像的能力，并方便快速的存储，管理，再处理原始图像。
Frequency & Focus Compound （FFC） /频率复合成像技术
频率复合成像技术综合发挥高频和低频信号的成像特性，同时提高近场和远场分辨率，实时优化全视野的成像质量。
Virtual Convex/凸型扩展技术
凸型扩展技术用于线阵探头，扩大了线阵探头观察面积达20%，解决了扇扫探头近场扫描盲区。凸型扩展形显示技术可用于彩色血流显示。
?- view
Auto Tissue Optimize （ ATO ） /自动组织优化技术
Coded Excitation （ CE ） /编码激励技术
Tissue Harmonic Imaging /组织谐波成像
Tissue Color Doppler Imaging /组织多普勒成像技术
Real-time automatic Dopplercalculations
多普勒实时自动计算功能
General Measurement
一般测量：距离，面积，体积，心率，髋关节计算等
Calculation Packages
妇产科计算软件包
外周血管计算软件包
腹部计算软件包
小器官、神经、泌尿、小儿科计算软件包
TruScanTMOn Board Data Storage and Management System
主机内置的TruScanTM原始数据储存和管理系统，包括2D/3D/4D数据
Scanning modes/扫描模式：
2D-Mode二维，单幅双幅四幅显示
3D-Mode三维
M-Mode M型，color M mode，彩色M型
Color Doppler彩色多普勒
PW/HPRF Doppler脉冲波/高脉冲重复频率多普勒
Color Angio能量图
System Highlight
数字化多声束形成器
宽频变频技术，系统频率2.0－12MHz
199dB动态范围
19寸彩色高分辨率液晶显示器
3个激活探头接口
160GB硬盘
内置DVD /CD-RW驱动器
电缆防缠绕管理系统
产检设备：美国GE-S6四维彩超
编辑者：都江堰和美医院
外国人新年都吃什么了?
For many, January 1 offers an opportunity to forget the past and make a clean start. But instead of leaving everything up to fate, why not enjoy a meal to increase your good fortune? There are a variety of foods that are believed to be lucky.
对于很多人而言，新年是一个忘掉过去、重新开始的机会。不过，相比把一切都交给命运，干嘛不给自己煮一餐幸运食物，给自己来年添点运气呢？在美国和其他一些西方国家，有这么一些食物是大家新年常吃的，也就是人们常说的幸运食物了。
Grapes
New Year's revelers in Spain consume twelve grapes at midnight—one grape for each stroke of the clock. Lately， each grape then represents a different month, so if for instance the third grape is a bit sour, March might be a rocky month. For most, the goal is to swallow all the grapes before the last stroke of midnight.
西班牙人会在新年的夜晚吃掉12颗葡萄——每一粒葡萄就代表一个时辰。而后，这项传统演变为：一粒葡萄代表每年的一个月。所以，如果你吃到的第三粒葡萄有点酸，那么来年3月可能就不顺。不过最盛行的习俗，还是赶在午夜钟响以前把所有葡萄都吃掉！
Cooked Greens
Cooked greens, including cabbage, collards, and chard, are consumed at New Year's in different countries for a simple reason — their green leaves look like folded money, and are thus symbolic of economic fortune. The Danish eat stewed kale sprinkled with sugar and cinnamon, the Germans consume sauerkraut (cabbage) while in the southern United States, collards are the green of choice. It's widely believed that the more greens one eats the larger one's fortune next year.
诸如卷心菜、甘蓝菜和厚皮菜这样的绿色蔬菜也是很多国家的新年食品。人们吃它原因很简单：它们绿油油的叶子就像是钞票上的绿色，所以吃掉它们就表示来年财运不断。在丹麦，人们会吃炖甘蓝菜、配糖霜和桂皮；在德国，酸白菜是菜单之一；美国南方，羽衣甘蓝也是选择之一。大部分人都相信，吃掉这些绿色蔬菜，来年就财源滚滚啦！
Legumes
Legumes including beans, peas, and lentils are also symbolic of money. Their small, seedlike appearance resembles coins that swell when cooked so they are consumed with financial rewards in mind. In Italy, it's customary to eat cotechino con lenticchie or sausages and green lentils. Germans also partner legumes and pork, usually lentil or split pea soup with sausage. In the Southern United States, it's traditional to eat black-eyed peas in a dish called hoppin' john. There are even those who believe in eating one pea for every day in the new year.
包括豆荚、豌豆和小扁豆在内的豆类也被视为是钱的象征。因为它们小小的豆粒看起来就像是硬币，煮过以后涨起来、吃下去就像得到钱一样。在意大利，人们用腊肠来配豆子吃；德国的传统搭配是酸白菜加猪肉，通常还有扁豆汤；美国南方的传统是一道叫“希望约翰”的菜，里面有黑豆。甚至有人相信，在新年里每天吃一粒豆子都会给来年带来好运。
Pork
The custom of eating pork on New Year's is based on the idea that pigs symbolize progress.Roast suckling pig is served for New Year's in Cuba, Spain, Portugal, Hungary, and Austria—Austrians are also known to decorate the table with miniature pigs made of marzipan. Different pork dishes such as pig's feet are enjoyed in Sweden while Germans feast on roast pork and sausages. Pork is also consumed in Italy and the United States, where thanks to its rich fat content, it signifies wealth and prosperity.
新年吃猪的传统是基于人们认为这种动物象征着进步。烤乳猪是古巴、西班牙、葡萄牙、匈牙利和奥地利的传统新年食品。奥地利人还会把杏仁甜饼做成小猪的样子来装饰餐桌。其他的猪肉大餐也在全球各地流行，比如瑞典人吃猪脚；德国人吃猪脚和香肠。在意大利和美国，得益于猪肉丰富的脂肪，人们也把它作为财富的象征。
Fish
Fish is a very logical choice for the New Year's table. According to Mark Kurlansky, author of Cod: A Biography of the Fish that Changed the World, cod has been a popular feast food since the Middle Ages. He compares it to turkey on Thanksgiving. The reason? Long before refrigeration and modern transportation, cod could be preserved and transported allowing it to reach the Mediterranean and even as far as North Africa and the Caribbean. Kurlansky also believes the Catholic Church's policy against red meat consumption on religious holidays helped make cod, as well as other fish, commonplace at feasts. The Danish eat boiled cod, while in Italy, baccalà, or dried salt cod, is enjoyed from Christmas through New Year's. Herring, another frequently preserved fish, is consumed at midnight in Poland and Germany—Germans also enjoy carp and have been known to place a few fish scales in their wallets for good luck. 鱼，是新年餐桌上理性选择。根据《鳕鱼：一种改变世界的鱼的自传》作者马克·克兰斯基的说法，鳕鱼自中世纪起就是一种广受欢迎的节日食品。他认为鳕鱼相当于感恩节吃的火鸡。什么原因呢？在现代制冷技术和运输手段发明以前，鳕鱼能够长时间不坏，并运送到地中海、甚至是南非、加勒比地区。克兰斯基同时还相信天主教堂反对在宗教节日期间吃红肉的条例帮助了鳕鱼和其他鱼类在节庆中的发展。丹麦人吃煮的鳕鱼；在意大利，人们在圣诞节和新年吃盐渍的干鳕鱼；波兰人和德国人在新年晚上吃另一种常见的鱼类，鲱鱼；德国人同时还喜欢螃蟹，并且相信在口袋里装一些鱼鳞会带来好运。
Cakes, Etc.
Cakes and other baked goods are commonly served from Christmas to New Year's around the world, with a special emphasis placed on round or ring-shaped items. Italy has chiacchiere, which are honey-drenched balls of pasta dough fried and dusted with powdered sugar. Poland, Hungary, and the Netherlands also eat donuts, and Holland has ollie bollen, puffy, donut-like pastries filled with apples, raisins, and currants.In certain cultures, it's customary to hide a special trinket or coin inside the cake—the recipient will be lucky in the new year.
蛋糕和其他烘焙点心在全球各地都是圣诞到新年间的食物，尤其是圆形、或环形的点心。（恒星小编按：求团圆、圆满，看来全球都一样嘛！）意大利人做chiacchiere。那是一种用蜂蜜浸透的面团、炸过再撒上糖霜吃；波兰、匈牙利和荷兰人吃甜甜圈。荷兰人的“甜甜圈”ollie bollen质地松软，里面的馅儿有苹果、葡萄干和加仑子。在某些文化里，还有把硬币塞进蛋糕里的传统，吃到的人来年会有好运气。
What Not to Eat
In addition to the aforementioned lucky foods, there are also a few to avoid. Lobster, for instance, is a bad idea because they move backwards and could therefore lead to setbacks. Another theory warns against eating any winged fowl because good luck could fly away.
除了这些幸运食物之外，相对的，也有一些最好在新年避开的食物。比如龙虾，因为它总是倒着爬，在新年吃它象征倒退，这样可不好。还有传统警告我们要避开所有带翅膀的家禽，因为它们暗示着幸运会飞走。
The longer I live, the more I realize the impact of attitude on life.
Attitude to me is more important than facts.
It is more important than the past,than education,than money,than circumstances, than failures,than successes,than what the other people think,say,or do.
It is more important than the appearance,the giftedness or skill.
It will make or break a company,a church ,a home.
The remarkable thing is we have a choice every day, regarding the attitude we will embrace for that day.
We cannot change our past.We cannot change the fact that people will act in a certain way.We cannot change the inevitable.
The only thing we can do is play on the one stage we have.And that is our attitudes.
I am convinced that life is ten percent what happens to me ,and ninety percent how I react to it.And so it is with you.
We are in charge of our attitudes.
Hello, ladies and gentlemen. I’m Angela Zhang from Class 4 Grade 8. Today, my topic is, “The Shanghai World Expo”.
First, I’ll say something about World Expo History. As we know, the very first World Expo, the Great Exhibition of 1851, took place in the Crystal Palace in London. UK. Ever since then, the goals of World Expos have been both high-minded as well as commercial. Visitors are able to explore the world outside of their everyday experience—outside cultures, new scientific advancements, and new inventions. World Expos have excited and inspired more and more people in the world.
On December3, 2002, the Bureau of International Expositions (or call it BIE) announced that Shanghai will host Expo. the BIE had received bids from five cities to host Expo. Among the 5 nice cities, the BIE chose Shanghai at last! It’s really an exciting news for not only Shanghainese, but also all of Chinese people. Here are some details about it.
Look at this profile carefully. The title is “The World Exposition ,Shanghai, China ”. this is the logo.
And the theme is “better city., better life”.OK, let’s guess who is the image representative? Yeah, you’re right, Yao Ming!
Shanghai Expo is the first comprehensive World Expo held in a developing country. And it is also the first one that takes “the city” as its theme, hoping that it can push forward the city development and help bring about a better urban living environment, just like the theme: better city, better life.
I think, as a student in Shanghai, we should learn to be a gentle person and keep good manners from now on. And try to practice English more in order to communicate with foreigners fluently in the near future. Because, we’re a part of Shanghai!
演讲稿三：初中英语励志演讲稿
Dear teacher and classmates:
I am very glad to make a speech here in this class again! This time, I\'d like to talk something about English.
I love English. English language is now used everywhere in the world. It has become the most common language on Internet and for international trade. Learning English makes me confident and brings me great pleasure.
When I was seven, my mother sent me to an English school. At there, I played games and sang English songs with other children . Then I discovered the beauty of the language, and began my colorful dream in the English world.
Everyday, I read English following the tapes. Sometimes, I watch English cartoons.
On the weekend, I often go to the English corner. By talking with different people there, I have made more and more friends as well as improved my oral English.
I hope I can travel around the world someday. I want to go to America to visit Washington Monument, because the president Washington is my idol. Of course, I want to go to London too, because England is where English language developed. If I can ride my bike in Cambridge university, I will be very happy.
I hope I can speak English with everyone in the world. I\'ll introduce China to them, such as the Great Wall, the Forbidden City and Anshan.
I know, Rome was not built in a day. I believe that after continuous hard study, one day I can speak English very well.
If you want to be loved, you should learn to love and be lovable. So I believe as I love English everyday , it will love me too.
演讲稿四：初中英语励志演讲稿——Believe Ourselves
Confidence,which is not only the faith in your abilities, but also the faith of pursuit of firm target in yourself, is the first secret of success. With it, you can go toward the shore of victory. When at a low ebb of the Chinese revolution, Mao Zedong believed that "a single spark can start a prairie fire". ChenYi believed "repeated action can not take off" he was confident. In short, self-confidence refers to the navigation towards victory, as is the driving force of progress.
Inferior tends to look at the advantages of others too much, overweight, and this is a lack of understanding of their strengths. Someone who has so heavy psychological pressure makes himself passive. Inferior psychological barrier limits the development of ability, making them lose the chance of success, ultimately nothing. Humble and out of the shadow, there must be sunny days ahead! In both the "thousand goddess of mercy" dancing miracle of the spotlight, the actors are in the faith and destiny of the strong, overcoming the inferiority, their performance won the audience's warm applause, deeply loved by people.
Overcoming self-abased and developing confidence is our inevitable choice.
Conceit and inferiority are extreme psychological. Swellheads smug after some achievements, even defiant, arrogance. These people even had made some achievements, but it was just a flash in the pan. Xiang yu in the struggle played a great role，but temporary military advantage made him blind. The results had been defeated by Liu Bang, the former hero. At last Xiang Yu committed suicide by Wujiang river .
We want to believe in ourselves, but not conceited. I do not give up. Choose confidence, overcome being self-abased, and being away from the ego, which is the requirement of the new century, and is the pursuit of perfect personality. "Talk about heroes, you can find someone today", MAO Zedong was full of self-confidence, who will always inspire us to move forward.
本文来源：http://www.guakaob.com/jianzhugongchengkaoshi/798420.html