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初中英语语
各个击破
目录
一． 名词 （）
二． 形容词 （）
三． 代词 （）
四． 数词 （）
五． 冠词 （）
六． 动词 （）
动词不定式 （）
七． 副词（）
八． 介词 （）
九． 连词 （）
十． 比较级和最高级 （）
十一． 定语从句 （）
十二． 主谓一致 （）
十三． 状语从句 （）
十四． 虚拟语气 （）
十五． 倒装句 （）
十六． 独立主格 （）
十七． 其他重点语法 （）
初中英语语法专项练习一——名词
1
( ) 1 She was very happy. She in the maths test.
A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes
C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake
( ) 2 We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please?
A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe
( ) 3 _____are____for cutting things.
A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using
( ) 4 What big____ the tiger has!
A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes
( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree___.
A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave
( ) 6 -Can we have some ___?
-Yes, please.
A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear
( ) 7 On the table there are five____.
A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato
2
( ) 1 They got much ___ from those new books.
A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories
( ) 2 He gave us____ on how to keep fit.
A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice
( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew___ was bad.
A. some news B. a news C. the news P. news
( ) 4 What___ lovely weather it is!
A. / B. the C. an D. a
3
( ) 1 -Would you like___tea?
-No, thanks. I have drunk two____.
A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange
C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges
( ) 2 He is hungry. Give him ___ to eat.
A. two breads B. two piece of bread
C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads
( ) 3 It really took him:___ to draw the nice horse.
A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time
( ) 4 I would like to have___.
A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk I
C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks
( ) 5 Can you give me ____?
A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea
( ) 6 Please give me ___ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of
( ) 7 John bought___for himself yesterday.
A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes
4
( ) 1 -How many ____ have you got on your farm?
-I've got five.
A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken
( ) 2 Some ___ came to our school for a visit that day.
A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies
( ) 3 In the picture there are many____ and two.
A. sheep; foxes C. sheeps; foxes
B. sheeps; fox D. sheep;foxs
( ) 4 A group of______ will visit the museum tomorrow.
A. Hungarian B. Australian C. JapaneseD. American
5
( ) 1 This table is made of___.
A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass
( ) 2 -What would you like to have for lunch, sir?
-I'd like____. !
A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken
( ) 3 Children should make____ for old people in a bus.
A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room
6
( ) 1 Tables are made of___.
A. wood B. some woods C. wooden D. woods
( ) 2 I wonder why ______ are so interested in action (武打片) films.
A. people B. peoples C. the people D. the peoples
( ) 3I have read____ of the young writer.
A. works B. work C. this works D. the works
7
( ) 1 Let's meet at 7: 30 outside the gate of___?
A. the People's Park B. the Peoples' Park
C. the People Park D. People's Park
( ) 2 ___ Chinese people are ___ hard working people.
A. /; a B. We; the C. The; the D. The; a
( ) 3 How manyA. policeman B. polices C. police D. peoples
8
( ) 1 If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller____.
A. set B. one C. piece D. pair
( ) 2 Last week I bought a TV____.
A. pair . B. set C. piece D. block
( ) 3 There is a of wood left on the ground.
A. cup B. piece , C. box D. pair
9
( ) 1 There are sixty-seven___ in our school.
A. women's teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher
( ) 2 There are five___in our factory.
A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers
( ) 3 These ____ were sent to the villages to help the farmers.
A. women doctor B. women doctors C. woman doctors D. woman doctor
10
( ) 1 They write most of their___ in English.
A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters
( ) 2 We came to a ___ at last .and went in.
A. watch shop B. watches shop ,'C. watching shop D. watchs shop
( ) 3 This shop sells apples, bananas and things like these. It's a___.
A. food shop B. book shop C. fruit shop D. vegetable shop
( ) 4 She broke a___while she was washing up.
A. glass of wine B. glass for wine C. glass wine D. wine glass
( ) 5 I've forgotten both of the____.
A. room numbers . B. rooms number C. rooms numbers D. room number
11
1. September 10th is____in China.
A. Teacher's Day B. Teachers'Day C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day
( ) 2 -Is the broom under ____ desk? -No, it's under____.
A. the teacher's; my B. teacher's; mine C. teacher's; me D. the teacher's; mine
( ) 3 Excuse me, where is the___?
A. men's room B. mens' room C. men's rooms D. men rooms
12
( ) 1 The football under the bed is____.
A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily's and Lucy's C. Lily's and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy's
( ) 2 This is my____dictionary.
A. sister Mary B. sister's C. sister, Mary's D. sister's Mary's
( ) 3 He went to ___ shop to buy a shirt.
A. a tailor B. the tailor C. a tailors D. the tailors'
( ) 4 Joan is____.
A. Mary's and Jack sister B. Mary and Jack's sister
C. Mary and Jack sister D. Mary's and Jack's sister
13
( ) 1 In a few____ time, those mountains will be covered with trees.
A. year B. years' C. year's D. years
( ) 2 It's about ___ walk from my house.
A. ten minute B. ten minutes' C. ten minute's D. ten minutes
( ) 3 The post office is a bit far from here. It's about_____.
A. thirty minutes's walk B. thirty minute's walk
C. thirty minutes' walk D. thirty minutes walk
( ) 4 Half___ telephone calls are made in English.
A. the world B. world C. the world's D. world's
14
( ) 1 ____ face to the south.
A. Windows of the room B. The windows of the room
C. The room's windows D. The windows in room
( ) 2 Please take two___.
A. picture of the park B. pictures of the park
C. the pictures of a park D. picture of a park
( ) 3 The workers are repairing____.
A. the roof of the house B. a roof of the house
C. roof of the house D. this roof of house
15
( ) 1 Miss Smith is a friend of____.
A. Mary's mother's B. Mary's mother C. mother's of Mary D. Mary mothers
( ) 2 This is a book of ___.
A. Tom B. Tom's C. her D. him
( ) 3 The post card is sent by ____.
A. a friend of my father B. a friend of my father's
C. my father friend D. my father friend's
16
( ) 1 Sydney is a city of___.
A. America B. Germany C. Australia D. Japan
( ) 2 My father likes buying us ___.
A. cars B. flowers C. peasants D. presents
( ) 3 In England, the last name is the ___.
A. full name B. family name C. middle name D. given name
( ) 4 Mr Gao is a teacher. He works in a new____.
A. shop B. school C. factory D. hospital
17
( ) 1 My father is a____. He works in a hospital.
A. teacher B. doctor C. farmer D. soldier
1．There is ____ old woman in the car.
A．/ B．the C．a D．an 2．We often go to the park ____ Sundays.
A．on B．in C．at D．from
3．My book ____ on the desk.
A．is B．am C．are D．be
4．Which language is ____ ，English, French or Chinese? A．difficult B．the difficult
C．more difficult D．the most difficult 5．---- ____ book is this?
----It's Kate's.
A．When B．Why C．Where D．Whose
6．----Can you write a letter in English?
----No, I ____.
A．may not B．mustn't
C．can't D．needn't
7．I ____ my homework when Mike came last night
A．do B．was doing
C．am doing D．have done
8．He began to ____ English three years ago.
A．learn
B．learns
C．learned D．learning
9．Jim is a driver, ____ he?
A．does
B．doesn't
C．is
D．isn't
10．“What's wrong ____ you?”the doctor asked.
A．from
B．with
C．for
D．at
11．He is rich, ____ he isn't happy.
A．or
B．so
C．and
D．but
12．----Where is Alice?
----She ____ to the library.
A．goes
B．will go
C．has gone
D．had gone
13．“Help ____ to some meat, Mary, ”my aunt said to me.
A．themselves
B．ourselves
C．yourself
D．himself
14．We'll stay at home if it ____ tomorrow.
A．rain
B．rains
C．is raining
D．will rain.
15．The students ____ on a farm for ten days. Then they ____ to a factory.
Though they ____ back at school, they still remembered those farmers
and workers.
A．have stayed; went; were B．had stayed; go; are
C．have stayed; go; have been
D．had stayed; went; were
16．John is ____ English boy. We are in the same class
17A．．Please give ____ the apple. a B．an C．the D．/
A．me B．I C．my
D．mine
18．“ ____ old are you?”“I'm twelve. ”
A．Who
B．What
C．Where
D．How
19．“Can you answer this question, Sam?”“No, I ____.
A．can't
B．needn't
C．mustn't
D．may not
20．They usually have a meeting ____ Monday.
A．in B．for
C．on
D．at
21．There ____ three balls in the box.
A．is
B．are
C．isn't
D．am
22．Kate was late for school yesterday, ____ she?
A．is
B．isn't
C．wasn't
D．was
23．Who is ____ , Tom, Mike or Jack?
A．careful
B．more careful
C．very careful
D．the most careful
24．Can you ____ English, Li Lei?
A．speak
B．say
C．tell
D．talk
25．Mr Li asked me ____ fishing with him.
A．go
B．to go
C．goes
D．going
26．He ____ in this school since 1995.
A．study
B．studying
C．has studied
27D．．English isn't easy, ____ we like it. will study
A．but
”
B．and
C．or D．so
28．I ____ my homework when my father came in.
A．do
B．will do
C．was doing D．does
29．“How about coming to my party if you have time tomorrow?”I'll ask my mother
right away if she ____ me come.
A．let
B．lets
C．has let
D．will let
30．“Where are your new shoes?”“I've thrown them away, though they ____ only one month. ”
A．last
B．lasted
C．were lasted
D．are lasted
31．There are many ____ in the fridge.
A．food B．fruit
C．eggs
D．bread
32．They usually have the traditional turkey ____ Christmas Day.
A．from
B．at
C．in
D．on
33．Grandma prefers tea ____ coffee.
A．about
B．to
C．on
D．of
34．____ of the apples in the fruit bowl are soft and sweet.
A．Two-third
B．Second-third
C．Two-thirds
D．Second-thirds
35．Taxi doesn't run as ____ as an underground train.
A．fast
B．faster
C．fastest
D．more fast
36．After a long walk, the old man ____ be tired now.
A．can
B．must
C．has to
D．need
37．A: Is this ____ pocket calculator? B: No. It's ____.
A．your; his
B．yours; his
C．hers; mine
38．There are twenty teachers in this grade. Eight of them are women teachers
and ____ are men teachers.【初中英语教育网】
B．the others C．others
D．other
39．Yangpu Bridge is one of ____ in the world.
A．bigger bridge
B．the biggest bridge C．the biggest bridges
D．bigger bridges 40．Shanghai is in ____ east of China.
A．/
B．an
C．a
D．the
41．____ great day July 1, 1997 is!
A．How a
B．What a
C．how
D．What
42．____ human beings ____ animals can live without air.
A．Not only; but also
B．Both; and
C．Either; or D．Neither; nor
43．We are going to have a sports meeting this coming Sunday. Have you ____ any events yet?
A．taken part in
B．joined in
C．entered for
D．joined
44．The old man wondered ____.
A．whether the American pilot had seen UFO
B．whether had the American pilot seen UFO
C．how had the American pilot seen UFO
D．that the American pilot had seen UFO
45．The museum is quite far. It will take you half ____ hour to go there by ____ bus.
A．an; /
B．an; a
C．a; /
D．/; /
46．There is ____ milk left. We have to go and buy some at once.
A．a little
B．a few
C．few
D．little
47．American take-away food is quite different from ____.
A．We
B．ours
C．us
D．our
48．Wei Fang is young, but she plays ping-pong ____ her mother.
A．as good as
B．as well as
C．as better as
D．as best as 49．How did you make the child ____ while he was crying?
A．smile
C．smiles D．smiling
50．It is ____ today. The radio says it won't stop raining until next week.
A．fine
B．wet C．windy
D．cloudy 51．English people use Mr, Mrs or Miss with their ____ names.
A．last
B．middle
C．given
D．first
52．I don't know if she ____ tomorrow. If she ____ , I'll call you.
A．comes; comes
B．will come; will come
C．will come; comes
D．comes; will come
53．----When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow morning? ----I don't mind ____ time is OK.
A．All
B．Every C．Either
D．Both
54．Tom's father often has lunch at the factory, ____ ?
A．has he
B．hasn't he
C．does he
D．doesn't he
55．It is quite warm here. You'd better ____ your coat
A．take off
B．put down
C．put on
D．take down
56．____ do you go to the cinema? Once a month.
A．How soon
B．How far
C．How often
D．How long
57．Hurry up, ____ we'll be late for school.
A．but
B．or
C．and
D．so
58．Don't play with the knife. You ____ hurt yourself
A．may
B．should
C．have to
D．need
59．I haven't milked the cow ____.
A．yet
B．already
C．never
D．just
60．Beijing is ____ beautiful city. It's ____ capital of China A．a; a
B．the; the
初中英语语法大全
一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种：
名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)： 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.
2、代词(pron.)： 主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it .
3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)： 表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)： 表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see .
6、副词(adv.)： 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.
7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the.
8、介词(prep.)： 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind.
9、连词(conj.)： 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello.
2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是―谁‖或者―什么‖。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答―做(什么)‖。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)
3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是―什么‖或者―怎么样‖。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)
4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是―什么‖。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)
有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)
有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾
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语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力)
7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)
☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？)
3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。 1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。 2、派生法：
(1)派生名词：①动词+er/or ②动词+ing ③动词+(t)ion ④形容词+ness ⑤其他,如：inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge
(2)派生形容词：①名词+y ②名词+ful ③动词+ing/ed ④friendly ⑤dangerous ⑥Chinese; Japanese ⑦English ⑧French ⑨German ⑩国名+(i)an 如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious
(3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly等等。 3、转换法：
(1)形容词→动词,如：dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干), clean(干净的)→clean(打扫,弄干净),等等。
(2)动词→名词,如：look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。 (3)名词→动词,如：hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等。 (4)形容词→副词,如：early→early, fast→fast等等。
(5)副词→连词,如：when(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等。
(6)介词→副词,如：in(到……里)→(在里面；在家),on(在…上)→(进行,继续),等等。 二、名词：
1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：
1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。
如：Beijing, Tom, the People‘s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)
专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如：the Great Wall(长城)
姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。
2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如：pupil, family, man, foot. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange； ▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, population, information .
2、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：
①在单数名词词尾加s。如：map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables. ②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.
[注]：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如：photo→photos, piano→pianos.
③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：family→families, city→cities, party→parties.
④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.
2、不规则变化：man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese
不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如：a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk. 3、名词所有格：
名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：
(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加‘s。如：Childern‘s Day(儿童节), my
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sister‘s book(我姐姐的书)
(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加‘。如：Teachers‘ Day(教师节)
(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加‘s. 如： today‘s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes‘ break(十分钟的课间休息), China‘s population(中国的人口).
(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：
a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).
2、[注解]：① ‗s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：my aunt‘s(我阿姨家), the doctor‘s(诊所)
② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B‘s 的形式,如：Lucy and Lily‘s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)
③ ―of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词‖,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my father‘s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)
4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：
1、谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：如：The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)
2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,
如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)
如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：Class Three have a map of China.(三
班有张中国地图) 3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如：There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)
4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋)
5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如： The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买)【初中英语教育网】
6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如：A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)
7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如：The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品) 8、 there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)
9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来) 10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边) 11、either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：Either you or he is right.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里) 12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如：Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离) 13、主语中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句)
但是,population一词又有特殊情况： What‘s the population of China?(中国人口是多少？)(句子用单数) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用复数) 5、部分名词用法辨析：
1、sport、game、match、race 的区别：sport通常指―户外运动‖,以锻炼为主,概念较大；game意思是―运动、比赛‖,不管户内户外还是脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动；match意为―竞赛、比赛‖,多指正式比赛；race主要表示―赛跑、赛马、赛车‖。如：
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People all around the world enjoy sports.(全世界的人都喜爱运动) / The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.(2008奥运会将在北京举行)(被动句) / Our school football team won the league match(联赛).(我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军) / They were strong and won the boat race.(汤他们很棒,赢得了划艇比赛)
2、festival、holiday、vacation的区别：festival―节日‖,指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动；holiday(假日、休息日),指法定假日或风俗习惯,复数可以表示一个较长的假期；vacation―假期‖,指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。如：The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month.(上海电视节将在下个月举行) / Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是个假日,多数人不工作) / What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays?(在暑期你打算做什么事情？)
3、journey、tour、trip、travel的区别：journey指在陆地上(或海上或空中)进行的长途旅行,不知终点,含有辛苦的意思；tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,强调游览多处,常用来指观光等；trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行,如出差度假等；travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行,尤其指到国外,没有明确目的地,也作不可数名词,指旅行这一行为。如：He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)/ He has gone on a walking tour.(他步行观光去了) / He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好几次) / Did you go to Santiago(圣地亚哥) during your travels?(旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗？) / Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里边穿行是很危险的)
4、sound、noise、voice的区别：sound指各种声音；noise主要指―噪音‖；voice指人的―嗓音‖。如：The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠) / All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.(突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫) / The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因为感冒的缘故,这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音)
5、fish的问题：指许多条鱼且不管种类时,用fish,单复数相同；fishes 指许多种类的鱼；fish指―鱼肉‖时是不可数名词。如：There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. (池子里有很多种类的鱼)/ I prefer fish to meat.(与肉相比我更喜欢鱼)
三、代词：1、代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。
2、人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。
1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。如： I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常
去购物) / Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？) / Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了？) / That‘s it.(就那么回事) / It‘s he!(是他！)
2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如：Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) / Help me!(救救我！) / We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信)
3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如：--Who is it?(是谁？) –It‘s I/me.(是我。) 三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含―我‖时,按照―you→he→I‖的顺序表达。如： Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) –Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？) –You and me.(你和我)
人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示―时间、天气、温度、距离、情况‖等含义,此外还可以作―非人称代词‖使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如：--What‘s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？)—It‘s fine.(天气晴好) / --What‘s the time?(几点啦？) –It‘s 12：00.(12点) / It‘s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路) / It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间) / It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空) / We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的)
3、物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。 1、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如：
Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗？) / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨) / They are their books.(是他们的书)
2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如：
This is your cup,but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿？) / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小)
3、―of + 名词性物主代词‖称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如：
A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。)
[试比较] My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。)
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4、反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。 1、反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。如： Don‘t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的) 2、在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如：
The story itself is good. Only he didn‘t tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好) 指示代词： 指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。
指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。如： What‘s this?(这是什么？) / That model plane is made of plastic.(那只模型飞机是塑料做的)(被动句) / Remember never to do such things.(记得永远不要做这样的事情) / Do the same as the teacher tells you. (按老师说的做)/ ---Who is it?(是谁？) ---It‘s me!(是我！)【初中英语教育网】
6、关系代词：用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词,参见后面的定语从句。
1、关系代词who 、which、 that 、whom 等,将定语从句和主句连接起来。英语中的关系代词一方面在从句中担任一定的成分,另一方面又起连接作用。 如：The student who is drawing a picture is in Grade One.(正在画画的学生是一年级的) 2、关系代词who / whom指人,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如：
Do you know the man who is wearing a red hat? (你认识那个戴着红帽子的男人吗？) 3、关系代词which 指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如：Have you found the book which you lost several days ago?(你找到几天前丢失的那本书了吗？) 4、关系代词that既可指人也可指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如：Can you see the man/dog that is running along the river bank ?(你看得见顺着河跑的男人/狗了吗？) 7、连接代词：用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称连接代词。 英语中连接代词主要有：what(什么),who(谁),whom(谁),which(哪个),whose(谁
的)。详见相应从句。 数名词。 8、不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。 both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、
each either, the other, 表语、单数 复合不定语等。 如：I know all of the four British students in their school.(他们学校里四
/ / one so
(every) neither another 个英国学生我全认识含义 定代词 ) / --Would you like this one or that one? –Both.(你要这个还是那
some no little, 不可数 个？两个都要。)
much / / /
any none a little 含义 all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用―all/both + of
all / /
few, others, the +名词(复数)‖的形式,其中的of 可以省略。如：All (of) (the) boys are naughty.(是复数
many ones both
a few the others 男孩都调皮) 含义
注：复合不定代词有12个：something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything (4)every和each用法： (任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是―每一个‖,表示整体概念； 有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人). each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是―每个‖或者―各个‖,表示单(1)some和 any 的用法： 个概念；each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在―be动词、some一般用于肯定句中,意思是―几个‖、―一些‖、―某个‖作定语时可修饰可数名词或助动词、情态动词‖之后或者行为动词之前 不可数名词。如：I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)/ They will go every和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以there some day.(他们有朝一日会去那儿) 用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。如：Every one of the students in his class studies some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如：Would you like some very hard.(他班上每个学生学习都很用功) / They are very busy. Each of them has coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗？) something to do.(他们很忙,人人都有事干) any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是―任何一些‖、―任何一个‖,作定语时可修饰可(5)either和neither的用法： 数或不可数名词。如：They didn‘t have any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友)/ Have either意思是―两个中间的任何一个‖；neither是either的否定形式,意思是―两个都不‖。 you got any questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗？) neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。如：I don‘t care much any 用于肯定句时,意思是―任何的‖。Come here with any friend.(随便带什么朋友来for what to drink. Either of the two will do. (我不介意喝些什么,两个之中随便哪个都吧。) 行) / --Will you go there by bus or by car? –Neither. I will go there by train.(你坐公车去(2)no和none的用法： 还是坐轿车去？一个都不坐,我坐火车去。) no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是―没有‖,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名(6)other、the other和another的用法： 词。如：There is no time left. Please hurry up.(没有时间了,请快点) / They had no reading other意思是―另一‖、―另一些‖,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。anotherbooks to lend.(他们没有阅读用书可以出借) 意思是―另外‖、―又一个‖,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。如：
Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass none只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是―没有一个人(或事物)‖,
表示复数或单数。如：None of them is/are in the classroom.(他们当中没有一个在教室talking.(有些女孩在大苹果树下唱歌,别的就躺在草地上说话) / You have had 里) / I have many books, but none is interesting.(我有很多的书,但没有一本是有趣的) several cakes. Do you really want another one?(你已经吃了好几块饼子了,你真的还要(3)all和both的用法： 一块？) / I want another four books.(我还要四本书) all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可another(另外的,再一,又一)与the other(另外的一个) 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时
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2009年海珠区初中毕业生学业考试英语模拟试题(一)
本试卷共五大题，10页，满分135分。考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：
1． 答卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的考生号、姓名、
试室号、座位号，再用2B铅笔把对应这两个号码的标号涂黑。
2． 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。不能答在试卷上。
3． 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案也不能超出指定的区域；不准使用铅笔、圆珠笔和涂改液。的答案无效。
4
第一部分（共105分）
一、听力（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 听力理解（共15小题,每小题2
听下面几段对话或独白，请根据所听到的内容从题中所给的三个选项中选出最佳选项。你将有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5
听下面一段对话回答1-2你有10秒的时间阅读这两个小题。
A. A hospital. C.A post office
C. For 40 years.
, 你有15秒的时间阅读这三个小题。
B. A robot. C. A dog
’s so much housework at her home.
A. They ask her to buy a robot to help with her English.
B. They ask her to help her mother with the housework.
C. They ask her to hand in her homework tomorrow morning.
听下面一段对话回答6-8小题。现在, 你有15秒的时间阅读这三个小题。
6. How many units have been learned in the English class ?
A. 4 units B 11 units C 15 units
7. What can we learn from the talk ?
A. Kate is a lazy girl .
B Kate hasn’t been to school for a few days .
C Kate will be ill tomorrow .
8. What does Kate think of the exam ?
A. She is afraid of it . B She thinks it is easy . C . She thinks it is necessary .
听下面一段独白，回答9-11小题。现在, 你有15秒的时间阅读这三个小题。
9. Which of the following can you buy on the second floor?
A. A fridge. B. An English textbook. C. A basketball.
10. When are the travellers going to get to the shopping centre?
A. At about 1:00 p.m. B. At about 2:00 p.m. C. At about 3:00 p.m.
11. Where do you think the speaker is speaking?
A. On a bus. B. At a bus stop. C. In the shopping centre.
听下面一段对话回答12-15小题。现在, 你有15秒的时间阅读这四个小题。
12. What’s the talk mainly about ?
A. What Bob’s classmates do after school .
B The number of the football team in Bob’s class
C How students can study better .
13.How many ways do Bob talk about ?
A Two B Three C Four
A when B when to C when did we D when we did
21. How many times _______you _____to Beijing ?
A have ; been B did ;go C are ;going D have; gone
22. Few of the students hurt themselves in the accidents last night ,_______?
A don’t they B didn’t they C did they D do they
23. He is the student _______we want to talk .
A about who B to whom C that D whom
24. Kate read a history book yesterday . _______.
A So John does B So did John C So does John D So John did
25.----How far is the school from your home ?
----About ______drive.
A. twenty minutes B twenty minute’s C twenty minutes’ D twenty minutes’s
第二节 语法选择 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从26～35各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
would not have to buy so many in the market.
One evening he heard a noise in his garden and looked out of the window. A the cow had ruined most of his precious vegetables.
his stick with him, he at once began to beat the two cows it. As neither of them hard.
?”
two cows. He knows very well why
26. A. so many vegetables D. as many vegetables as
27. A. had got D. has got
28. A. One D. The
29. A. walks C. was walking D. walking
30. A. who C. whom D. 不填
C. but D. or
C. near D. near by
B. which C. why D. what
B. to C. with D. on
B. of C. between D. in
(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36～45各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Mr Chen is a farmer who lives in western China with his wife and two sons. One year ago, he discovered that he had cancer. The doctor told him that he needed at once. And he said the operation would thousands of yuan. It was too much money for Mr Chen and his wife.
They had no job and were at school. The situation seemed Two weeks later, however, Mr Chen got some news. He was told about a health care project which provides medical treatment for poor patients(病人) in China. They to pay only half the cost or even less. Thanks to the project and the kindness of family and neighbours, he was able to receive an operation just in time to prevent the illness from getting worse. Now he has returned to his family.
government is （组织） to do this. They hope to develop a new health care model 45 36. A. a treatment B. a rest C. an operation 37. A. pay B. spend C. have 38. A. both their sons
C. all their sons
39. A. hopeful D. all their daughters B. hopeless D. harmless
40. A. sad B. bad D. good
41. A. eastern B. southern D. northern
42. A. want B. need C. prefer D. like
43. A. my C. his D. her
44. A. too C. either D. as well
45. A. to B. at C. for D. on
小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该 A
，a poor young violinist was playing his violin at the entrance of the subway ．The music was so great that people slowed down to listen and put some money into his hat．
The next day，the violinist came to the entrance again．He put down his hat as usual． Beside the hat was a piece of paper with some words on it．It said，“A George Sang has put an important thing into my hat by mistake．Welcome to claim(认领)it．”Soon the people were all attracted by the words and wondered what it could be．After a while a man rushed through the crowd，took the violinist’s shoulders and said，“I knew you would certainly come here．”The violinist asked，“Did
初中英语语法 句型复习
句型篇
Brainstorm:在改写句子的时候你能正确改写否定句和疑问句吗?你是不是总能在两秒钟里完成一个感叹句和反意疑问句呢？
一. 肯定句
这部分我们在之前介绍动词时态和情态动词的时候已经学习过了，你还记得吗？
二. 否定句
改写否定句时我们遵循“有情态动词和be动词时，在情态动词和be动词后直接加not，没有情态动词和be动词时，加入相应助动词的否定态并将谓语动词还原”的规则。
1．I can swim.有情态动词can所以直接在can后面加not就可以了。I can’t swim.
2．I am a student.有be动词am所以在am后面加not。I am not a student.
3．当没有情态动词和be动词时，我们用相应的助动词帮助我们完成句子的否定含义。现阶段我们接触到的助动词有do, does, did，也就是说我们要用他们的否定形式即don’t, doesn’t, didn’t来帮助我们完成否定句。不要忘了将谓语动词还原哦！
①I like swimming.这句话是一般现在时，而且主语是I所以应该选取助动词do的否定形式don’t。I don’t like swimming.
②She goes to school by bus. 这句话也是一般现在时，但主语是She
所以应选取的助动词是does，并用其否定形式doesn’t进行否定，并将谓语动词goes还原为go。She doesn’t go to school by bus. ③I did my homework late yesterday.这句话是一般过去时，所以应用助动词did的否定形式didn’t进行否定，并把谓语动词did还原为do。I didn’t do my homework late yesterday.
特别注意：如果肯定句中有some，and这种只能用于肯定句的词汇时，在改否定句时，要把它们变为可以用在否定句中的any和or。
三. 疑问句
1． 一般疑问句
A. 一般疑问句的问句
一般疑问句问句的改写遵循“有情态动词和be动词时，将
情态动词和be动词提前，没有情态动词和be动词时，句首
加入相应助动词并将谓语动词还原”的规则。但是当主语是
I时，要将其改为you。
①I can swim.有情态动词can所以直接将can提前可以了。Can you swim？
②I am a student.有be动词am所以将am提前。Are you a student？ ③当没有情态动词和be动词时，我们用相应的助动词帮助我们完成一般疑问句。现阶段我们接触到的助动词有do, does, did，也就是说我们要在句首加上Do, Does, Did完成一般疑问句。不要忘了将谓语动词还原哦！
1）I like swimming.这句话是一般现在时，而且主语是I所以应该选取助动词do置于句首，并将I改为you。Do you like swimming?
2）She goes to school by bus. 这句话也是一般现在时，但主语是She所以应选取的助动词是does，并将谓语动词goes还原为go。Does she go to school by bus?
3）I did my homework late yesterday.这句话是一般过去时，所以应将助动词did置于句首，并把谓语动词did还原为do。别忘了把I和my改为第二人称哦。Did you do your homework late yesterday? 特别注意：如果句中有some，and这种只能用于肯定句的词汇时，在改一般疑问句时，要把它们变为可以用在疑问句中的any和or。
B. 一般疑问句的答句
在回答一般疑问句时，我们一般用yes和no来回答，并遵
循“用什么提问用什么回答”的原则，所以关键就在于问句
的第一个词。但是有的情态动词引出的一般疑问句根据其表
达意思可以用不同的情态动词回答，例如：
—May I open the door?
—Yes, you can./No, you can’t.
—Must I do it now?
—No, you needn’t.
2． 特殊疑问句
在这个知识板块我们所需要了解的有两点：第一是特殊疑问句究竟提问什么内容，也就是每个特殊疑问词的含义；第二就是
如何改写特殊疑问句，正确应对就划线部分提问这种习题。 首先让我们来看看小学阶段我们应该掌握的特殊疑问词吧。 who：询问主格（人）；what：询问物或干什么；whom：询问宾格；whose：询问所有格谁的；which：哪一个人或物；where询问地点；when询问时间，what time询问较为具体的时间；why询问原因；how询问用„„方法，如何„„；how还可以后接相应的形容词或副词询问其程度：how old询问年龄；how many询问可数名词的量；how much询问不可数名词的量和价格；how often询问频率；how long询问时间或某物体的长度；how far 询问指路程的长度。
解决了特殊疑问词的含义，我们要开始改写特殊疑问句了。 第一步，确定特殊疑问词。我们先要明确提问的内容，选择正确的特殊疑问词，这就用到了上面所介绍的特殊疑问词的含义了。
第二步，将所给出的句子改为一般疑问句，你还记得吗？
第三步，去掉被特殊疑问词代替的成分也就是划线部分，再将特殊疑问词和删减后的一般疑问句相加。
依照上边的步骤，大部分的特殊疑问句就轻而易举的完成了。来试试吧。
例如：He went to school by bike yesterday.（就划线部分提问） 第一步，确定特殊疑问词。by bike应该用询问用„„方法的how来询问
第二步，改写一般疑问句。本句没有情态动词和be动词且为过去时，要在句首添加did，并将谓语动词went还原。Did he go to school by bike yesterday?
第三步，去掉被特殊疑问词代替的成分也就是划线部分by bike，再将特殊疑问词和删减后的一般疑问句相加。How did he go to school yesterday?
但是有的特殊疑问不能遵循上面的步骤，比如who，whose和what。
who提问主格，它的特殊疑问句只要把主格去掉换成who就可以了。
例如：（就划线部分提问）
Who has a lot of books?
whose提问所有格谁的，所以提问时要带着后面的名词一起置于句首。
例如：This is Tom’s book.（就划线部分提问）
Whose book is this?
what提问干什么时要将删掉的动词部分替换为do
例如：Susan watched football match yesterday.（就划线部分提问） What did Susan do yesterday?
3． 选择疑问句
选择疑问句提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择，选项之间用or连接。在形式上它很像一般疑问句，但是回答时我们