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《描写父亲父爱的好句好段》
描写变形金刚好段 第一篇
父爱是一缕阳光，让你的心灵即使在寒冷的冬天也能感到温暖如春；父爱是一泓清泉，让你的情感即使蒙上岁月的风尘依然纯洁明净。
月在不经意间从身边划过，在每一个匆忙的身影背后，父亲关爱的目光越来越远，母亲熟悉的话语渐渐淡忘，在你身心疲惫的时候，驻足下来，读一读书中的温情故事，你会有感动的心跳。
父爱其实很简单。它像白酒，辛辣而热烈，容易让人醉在其中；它像咖啡，苦涩而醇香，容易让人为之振奋；它像茶，平淡而亲切，让人在不知不觉中上瘾。
父亲的爱，是春天里的一缕阳光，和煦地照耀在我的身上；是夏日里的一丝凉风，吹散了我心中的烦热；是秋日里的一串串硕果，指引着我走向成功；是冬天里的一把火，温暖着我那颗冰冷的心。
父亲的爱，无处不在! 纵使是丹青高手，也难以勾勒出父亲您那坚挺的脊梁：即使是文学泰斗，也难以刻画尽父亲您那不屈的精神；即使是海纳百川，也难以包罗尽父亲您对儿女的关爱!
当我已为人父时，老爸已迈入老年，看着佝偻身躯的他还在不停地为我们准备着丰盛的午餐，叫声爸爸，他似乎没有听见，依然在忙碌着，偶尔抬头看看我，满眼是关爱，而我已感动的满眼是泪花。
爸爸是我心中的“超人”、“奥特曼”、“变形金刚”，我要什么，他就能给我变出什么，但是爸爸好辛苦，总是很晚才回来，每次看着爸爸喝醉，我心里就好难过??
父亲是个地地道道的北方人，他拥有北方男人那高大魁梧的身形，线条明晰的轮廓和那股特有的硬朗之气。在我心中，父亲就像是一棵青松，无论是骄阳如火，还是雨雪纷纷，都那么高大挺拔，坚韧不屈。他那宽宽的肩头和有力的大手永远是我最可靠最坚强的后盾。
还有一次，是为了母亲，那是一次很偶然的谈话，话语间我流露出对母亲种种苛责的不满。而父亲在安慰我的同时，也例数着母亲的好。我不知道是自己的 哪一句话触动了父亲的心，他说，你妈这一辈子不容易呀！那泪水--我真真切切地看到--就在眼眶里打转。他又轻轻地说了一句：“咱俩一定得对她好。”这句 话我是一生都不会忘记的，不善言辞的父亲用最平实的语言表达着自己的情感，那分明是一种相濡以沫的爱意。
在那松塌塌、油光光、皱纹满面的脸上，有着一双失意的眼睛似乎早已失掉光彩。高高的鼻梁下一双鼻翼显得特大。酱紫色的嘴唇好像已和古铜色的脸融为一体，分不清那到底是不是嘴唇。远远看起来，额头上的皱纹就像干枯的河床，想像得到他生活的担子是多么的沉重。随之可见的是他那粗糙得像松树皮一样的正端着一碗水，好像是要递给谁。
这是一张苍老憔悴的脸，黝黑的皮肤可以看出他是个勤劳的人，在土地上劳作了一辈子，为别人奉献了一辈子，却从来不要求什么。总是奉献给别人的很多，而要求于别人的却很少。白褂子乏着暗黄，可见生活的朴素与艰苦。岁月不留情，在他脸上凿出一道道沟壑。深陷的眼睛里流露出他的慈爱，鼻子大大的??
看着这张脸，我的心被震撼了。一种酸涩涌上心头，是难过、感动？似乎都不对。这是一张怎样的脸呀！黝黑的肤色不知积聚了多少烈日的暴晒，纵横交错道道皱纹的沟壑里写满了岁月的沧桑。高高的眉骨下深陷的眼睛似乎望着远方，是在盼望着什么吗？他的嘴唇微微开启，是叹息，还
是疲惫的微笑？嘴角因长期没有得到水的滋润而乏着白色的唾液沫，下嘴唇因干裂而结起了暗青的硬块儿，看得我也顿觉口干舌燥。那碗为他凉好的糖水算是或许能消除一天的劳累。食指上缠着一块白布，也许是一道刀痕，也许是被锄把磨破了的水泡，可丝毫没有减弱那双手显示出来的坚强与力量，仿佛能撑起整片天空，是呀！他背负的是整个家庭的重任哪。 父亲是个真正的男子汉！我曾在日记中偷偷地写道。据母亲说，父亲是极少流泪的，当年，十几岁的父亲孤身一人去遥远的内蒙古下乡，漫漫黄沙，举目无 亲，日子再苦再难，父亲都不曾流泪，父亲遭遇事故，身上大伤小伤十几处，疼痛难忍，夜不能寐，父亲从未说过一个“疼”字，从未叫过一声，默默地坚强地挺了 过来。我的记忆中父亲只流过三次泪。 一张脸，一张刻画着沧桑与磨难的脸，显现出了无比的坚毅与顽强。深邃的眼睛透露出幸福的光芒与顽强的性格。一道道皱纹记录着过去那沧桑的岁月，大大的鼻子“矗立”在脸上，犹如不倒的山峰。小而发白的嘴唇还留着太阳炙烤的痕迹。他那粗大，沾着泥垢的干枯的手，正诉说着他的勤劳、耐苦。是这双手创造了现在的富强，是这双手创造了这个美丽的世界，这碗凉茶不就是他现今幸福的最好见证么？他用自己坚强的性格，创造出了自己的甜蜜，虽然骨瘦如柴，但却显现出了中国人的高大，不是外表，而是那不倒的精神。他们虽然经历了最苦的年代，可是，你们看：他们的脸上洋溢着幸福的笑容！
一张古铜色的脸上藏着他含蓄的丰收的喜悦，额头上的道道皱纹是他饱经风霜的见证，一双混浊的眼睛深陷在枯黄的眼眶里，幽远而深邃。大而扁平的鼻子让人想到他曾经的魁梧、强壮。微张的嘴角表达的似一个朴素的微笑，上唇干瘪而又灰暗，几乎看不出来，泛白而干裂的下唇告诉我们他也许刚从地里收割回来。一双强有力的大手端着一碗稀粥，夕阳的余辉铺洒在碗里。长期的体力劳动让他的手变得很粗大，因干枯而突显的指骨像一个个的小山丘，食指上缠着一截纱布，手指上、指甲里还留着一道道黑黑的泥土的印迹，也许还带着淡淡的麦香呢。
这是一个年老的农民父亲，手指上的泥迹告诉我们，他才刚放下锄头。炽热的夕阳染红了整个天空，劳累一天的他端着一碗被夕阳映红的水。是呀，从他干裂的嘴唇我们可以想象他的干渴。疲惫的脸上还能察觉出一丝若有若无的笑容，是长时间耗费体力后停下来的那种惬意呢，还是抑制不住的收获的喜悦呢？也许兼而有之吧！他头上裹着一块白汗巾，不由想到也许里面还藏着根根叶子烟呢，没准耳朵背后还夹着根竹烟杆。他的额上、眼角边、脸上爬满了蛛网似的皱纹，镌刻着他生活的磨难、艰辛。深凹的眼睛里蕴含着他朴素的心绪，是在回味呢，还是在憧憬？
最高的不是山峰，而是父亲的背影；最远的不是天边，而是父亲的等待；最深的不是沟壑，而是父亲的皱纹；最广的不是大海，而是父亲的博爱；最暖的不是阳光，而是父亲的怀抱；
那个时候的父亲每到农闲的时候都会拿出他心爱的二胡坐在桌旁双目微闭用他残疾的手臂并不灵巧的手指拨弄着琴弦，清脆而富有弹性的旋律从父亲的手指爆发，那一曲曲忧伤和对生活向往的旋律是我永远不会忘掉父亲当时对那个家所付出的责任与辛苦。
每每那个时候看着父亲瘦小的身躯背着那把承载着我们一家命运与生计的二胡，父亲沉重的步伐每走一步我们的生活就像前迈了一步，每天
从晨曦到日落一天不知道要走多少的路程？到夜幕降临的时候才回来，而每晚我都会眼巴巴的坐在大门口等待父亲步履蹒跚的回到家，透着煤油灯的暗光看父亲脸上依然洋溢着灿烂的笑容。那时候虽然我不懂事，但知道父亲很辛苦很劳累，上前就会卸下父亲的背包，沉甸甸的背包是父亲付出的汗水和艰难。
我看到父亲转身而去的背影，这背影在如织的人群中是那样的渺小与无助，人流的交错中，这背影渐行渐远，随着汽车的向前，终于从若隐若现归于虚无。可我心中的那个背影却越发清晰起来，我感到一阵难抑的酸楚，连忙打开车窗。父亲从来不让我在人前流泪，他说这是一个男人的底线。在我心中，这底线和他的背影一样有力，我注定永远都不可能逃离，因为它已经幻化为我绵延一生的背景，这背影温情却有力，朦胧而久远……
再见烟头的光在父亲的指间闪烁，父亲曾经刚毅年轻的脸，已是怎样苍老憔悴的模样。四十刚过的父亲，终于在家中接二连三的变故中一夜间苍老，那隐忍的目光和紧紧抿着的干裂的唇，都同他曾经松软的黑发一夜间斑白老去。再不是我年轻俊朗的父亲。
父亲一天天变老了，而我今天才突然发现。我一直都固执的认为父亲一直都是那么年轻，挺拔。也许真的是这样，越是朝夕相处的亲人的变化，越是熟视无睹。总以为只有别人的父亲才会老，别人的小孩长的快。 对于年轻时的父亲的记忆，凌乱不堪，最大的印象就是怕。年幼时的我，是最怕父亲的，虽然父亲从来没有打过我。也许对于每一个子女而言，父亲的威严都是与生俱来的吧。
而眼前的父亲，真的是老了。头发白了，皱纹多了，挺拔的腰杆也弯了。不忍心，每每只看到他渐显蹒跚的背影，已是泪眼朦胧，往日那个高大挺拔的父亲，你到哪里去了！
老了的父亲，多了慈祥，少了威严。脸上多了微笑，眼里多了对儿女的依恋。每次回家，父亲都是忙前忙后的为我们准备饭菜，当一家人在饭桌上闲聊时，他还是沉默的端着酒杯微笑着。我们谁说话，他就看着谁，不插话，可是眼里却充满慈爱和欣慰。也只有这时，他才拿出我们孝敬的“好酒”。而平时，他总舍不得，还是喝呛人的谷烧。
父亲真的是老了，脾气变得特别的温顺，倒像是变成了我们的孩子。
对于儿女的嘱咐，他都微笑着应允。可是给他是买的衣服，他还是舍不得穿。老穿我们淘汰下来的，说还是好好的，丢了浪费。好吃好喝的也是留给他的孙儿们。如今，父亲豪不吝啬的表达这对儿孙的爱，仿佛要弥补自己年轻时的不足。每次离开，父亲都是大包小包装满自己种的菜，自己收的鸡蛋，叮嘱着经常回来！
《段落展开法》
描写变形金刚好段 第二篇
段落展开方式
一、 列举法：
例一 The sentences in most well-written paragraphs may be analyzed and divided into four general functions. First, there are paragraph introducers, which are sentences that establish the topic focus of the paragraph as a whole. Second, there are paragraph developers, which present examples or details of various kinds that support the ideas set forth by the paragraph introducers. Third, there are viewpoints or context modulators(转换词), which are sentences that provide a smooth transition between different sets of ideas. Fourth, there are paragraph terminators, which logically conclude the ideas discussed in the paragraph in a psychologically satisfying manner. Not all pieces of writing will conform to this analysis; however, most successful paragraphs usually contain some combination of these four sentence types.
列举法常用模式：
1） There are a number of ways to do …. First, ….; Second,…..; Third,….; Fourth,…..
2） Many different kinds of part-time jobs are available. To begin with,….; Furthermore,…..; Another,….; As still another instance,….; Finally,….
3） In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are necessary. Firstly, ….; Secondly,….; Thirdly,……; Fourthly,…..
练习：
1) Nowadays there is an increasing number of people going on line .(why ?)
2) Successful students/managers/businessmen/ … have several characteristics in common.
3) Good teachers have a few qualities in common.
例二 Should Firecrackers Be Banned ?
In some big cities , the government has banned the custom of letting off firecrackers on the most important occasion ?Spring Festival . People take different attitudes towards it.
Some people think that letting off firecrackers has some positive effects . , it is the custom set by our ancestors . We should inherit it .warm atmosphere of holidays such as Spring Festival, wedding ceremony . No one wants to have a silent holiday .they make a beautiful view .
On the contrary , some people believe letting off firecrackers should be banned . , it costs a lot of money .Every year, we spend thousands of yuan on it . sometimes . If you’re not cautious enough or if the firecrackers are in bad quality , you’ll be hurt by them . It can also bring fires to human beings. Firecrackers are the most important factor that causes fires every year.
I prefer the latter. We can use other ways to create warm atmosphere ?we can use balloons. If we ban it , we can save a lot of money either cost by medicine or by fires . We can relieve from pain caused by firecrackers . Based on these points I’m strongly for the latter.
练习: Write a three-paragraph composition on School Activities . The opening sentence of each paragraph has been given to you . Your composition should follow them .
There are two kinds of attitudes toward school activities . One is enthusiasm , the other is
___________________________________________________________________________. As far as I’m concerned, I’m fond of school activities______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________. All in all , ______________________________________________________________.
二、举例法：
例一 Colleges and universities across the nation have decided to do more than talk about the rise in student cheating. For instance, the Department of Psychology at the University of Maryland launched a campaign to stop one form of cheating. As 409 students filed out of their exam, they found all but one exit blocked. Proctors asked each student to produce an ID card with an attached photo. Students who said they’d left theirs in the dorm or at home had a mug shot taken. The purpose of the campaign was to catch “ ringers,” students who take tests for other students.
例二 Body movements have meaning. If the speaker shrugs his shoulders , it might indicate indifference .
Generally speaking , English is a difficult language for me to learn . For example, vocabulary is a problem . Sometimes some words like “thin”, “ slender” , or “slim” have almost the same meaning . How can you tell which word to use ? Pronunciation is hard also . My tongue will not make sounds such as “th” , “g” , and “k” . Furthermore , writing presents a whole group of different obstacles ; grammar, word order , and spelling . These are only some of the difficulties I have with this language .
举例法常用模式：
1） Jefferson’s courage and idealism were based on knowledge. For example,….
2） Television commercials often exaggerate the effectiveness or quality of the products they sell.
A case in point is,…..
3） Learning an important lesson can sometimes be painful. Here are a few examples,
4) An illustration/example of this might be lifting one’s eyebrow for disbelief .
5) Two examples are polio and smallpox.
6) Another example of good teachers is ______.
7) This is best illustrated /exemplified by facial expressions .
8) Facial expressions can show characteristics such as fear and arrogance ?
9) Computers have entered many areas of our lives like airlines , banks ?offices .
10) Body movements have meaning , for example /for instance , the lifting of an eyebrow .
Body movements have meaning . For example /For instance , we lift one eyebrow for disbelief .
练习：
1) Television presents a vivid world in front of us.
2) There are many ways for people to communicate with each other nowadays. For example, ….
3) Communicating with people from all walks of life (各行各业) can be very exciting .
4) Seeing with my own experience is not always believing .
三、对比法：
例一 点式比较法(point to point )
Despite their obvious differences in length, the paragraph and the essay are quite similar structurally. For example, the paragraph is introduced by either a topic sentence or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay, the first paragraph provides introductory material and establishes the topic focus . Next, the sentences in the body of a paragraph develop the topic sentence. Similarly, the body of an essay consists of a number of paragraphs that expand and support the ideas presented in the introductory paragraph. Finally, a terminator---whether a restatement, conclusion, or observation---ends the paragraph . The essay, too, has a device which brings its ideas to a logically and psychologically satisfying completion: the concluding paragraph. Although exceptions to these generalizations may be observed in modern creative writing, most well-written expository paragraphs and essays are comparable in structure.
如果把对比双方分别用 A和B 代表，则该对比段落发展示意图如下：
主题句：Despite their obvious differences in length, the paragraph and the essay are quite similar structurally.
1. the introduction of a topic A: paragraph introduced by topic sentence or topic introducer
B: first paragraph establishes topic focus
2. the development of a topic sentence
or a topic paragraph A: sentences in paragraph body develop topic sentence
B: body paragraphs expand and support ideas in topic paragraph
3. the conclusion A: terminator ends paragraph【描写变形金刚好段】
B: concluding paragraph brings ideas to completion
结尾句：most well-written paragraphs and essays are comparable in structure.
例二 块式比较法 ( block to block )
Cats make better pets than dogs. Dogs are messy, and do not clean themselves. They eat too much food, requiring too much care. Besides, dogs jump up on people, and knock over furniture. Cats , on the other hand, are clean and tidy. They eat sparingly, and take care of themselves. Cats are usually well-mannered pets.
该对比段落发展示意图如下：
主题句：Cats make better pets than dogs.
A: dogs---1)messy and do not clean themselves
2)eat too much and require too much care
3)jump up on people and knock over furniture
B: cats----1)clean and tidy
2)eat sparingly and take care of themselves
3)well-mannered
例三 (point to point )
European universities and universities in the United States are different in many ways . First , European students enroll in fewer courses each term than United States students do . Second, European students seldom live at a university . Instead they live at home and travel to classes. Third , most European courses are given by professors who lecture to their classes . In contrast , United States professors often ask their students questions or allow their students to form discussion groups . Fourth , European professors ask students to write fewer papers than United States professors do . Consequently , European students’ final examinations are usually oral , whereas American students take written final examinations. Finally , a European university is
mainly a place to study .But at most United States universities , social activities take up a large part of the students’ time.
对比段写作模式：
Life in the city is quite different from life in the suburbs. People are…in the city. But life in the suburbs is…People in the city…, while in the suburbs….
The introvert is quieter than the extrovert . (introvert内向的人 extrovert外向的人 ) is more reliable than
is less optimistic than
learns more slowly than
The extrovert isn’t as reliable as the introvert .
doesn’t learn as slowly as
Unlike
Contrary to the extrovert , who craves excitement , the introvert likes a well-ordered mode As opposed to of life .
In contrast to
Although
Whereas the extrovert loses his temper quickly , the introvert seldom does.
While
The introvert contrasts with the extrovert in regard to his ability to remember.【描写变形金刚好段】
differs from in respect to
is different from
The extrovert loves crowds; however, the introvert is fond of solitude.
on the other hand
in contrast
The extrovert loves crowds ; the introvert , however, is fond of solitude .
on the other hand
in contrast
The introvert likes books; the extrovert is fond of people.
The introvert likes books; the extrovert, people.
A further difference between the extrovert and the introvert involves the ability to remember. 练习：
1) Life in college is quite different from life in high school.
2) Students from the south of China vs. students from the north of China.
3) Chinese food vs. Western food
4) Make a comparison of different ways of communicating with others, such as writing letters, making phone calls and sending E-mails.
四、 因果法：
例一 There are many reasons why languages change, but three major causes illustrate the concept. Initially, various languages that started from the same parent developed their own uniqueness after groups of speakers drifted away from one another to establish isolated, independent communities. Another major cause of language change is the influence of and interaction with foreign cultures, often as a result of military conquest. A continuing cause for change is rapidly expanding technology and new systems of communication that bring all cultures
and languages into closer contact, with borrowing between languages a common phenomenon in the contemporary world. All languages change as the experiences of their speakers change.( 多因一果)
例二 Perhaps the most unforgettable person I have ever met is Prof. Smith who taught us philosophy at university . Although I last met him eight years ago . I still remember his special qualities most distinctively . First of all , I was impressed by his devotion to teaching . Because his lectures are always well-prepared and clearly delivered , students swarmed into his classrooms. His followers appreciate the fact that he believed in what he taught and that he was intellectually stimulating . Furthermore , he could be counted on to explain his ideas in an imaginative way , introducing such aids as paintings, recordings, pieces of sculpture and guest lecturers. Once, he even sang a song in class to illustrate a point . Second, I admired the fact he would meet with students outside of the classroom and talk to them on the telephone. Sometimes he would challenge a student to a game of chess. At other times , he would join groups to discuss subjects ranging from astronomy to pop music . Finally . I was attracted by his lively wit . He believed that no class hour is a success unless the students and the professor share a few chuckles and at least one loud laugh . through his sense of humor, he made learning more enjoyable and more lasting . If it is true that life makes a wise man smile and a foolish man cry , then Prof. Smith is truly a wise man . ( 多因一果)
例三 Disadvantages of Life in Big Cities (一因多果)
Although big cities provide people with many conveniences , they certainly have their own disadvantages .
Traffic is the most serious problem . The majority of people spend a great of time on their way to work and coming back from work . During the rush hour , all the streets are jammed with packed buses , endless lines of bicycles and cars , and almost unavoidably traffic accidents occur , resulting in broken limbs and traffic deaths.
Air pollution comes second. Factories and moving vehicles are constantly giving off smoke and harmful gases. There is no way to get fresh air except to go out of the city on weekends or holidays . If the weather is bad, you’ll find the whole city overcast with smog . As a result , pollution induced diseases are a common occurrence .
Besides , noise and violence are to be found in every big city and the situation seems to get worse year by year. In short , life in big cities is rather unnatural and unhealthy. To me, it is silly of people to choose to live in big cities.
因果法展开模式：
1） 一因一果：I teach because I like the pace of the academic calendar.
2） 一因多果：Several things happened after I switched my interest from sports to music.
3） 多因一果：People pick up material to read for many reasons.
Children watch too much television ; as a result , they lose creativity .
consequently ,
therefore ,
because of this,
hence ,
Children are so interested in television that they lose creativity .
watch so much television that
watch such a lot of television that
《变形金刚在美国比高达卖得好的原因》
描写变形金刚好段 第三篇
变形金刚在美国比高达卖得好的原因
国支配创意对其实行了本土化战略。
增田弘道 Business Media 诚
动画商业的今天
现在无论男女老幼，大家都喜欢动画。虽说“日本的动画已经被全世界所接受”，但在商业上能取得完全成功的作品绝对不多。笔者将以各类数据为基础，探讨现在的动画商业应以何种姿态持续发展。
在上篇文章中，笔者讲到了基督教圈，也就是西欧的“弗兰肯斯坦情结”（“机器人会背叛人类吗？”，由这种对机器的厌恶而产生的不安。由科幻作家艾萨克·阿西莫夫提出）给机器人角色的普及带来的困难。
像《新世纪福音战士》这种标题本身就具有一定基督教意味的作品，想要普及它的话恐怕是比在上篇中讲到的高达还要难。带来“福音（evangel）”的竟然是机器人，这对基督徒来说在生理上就难以接受吧。
但是，与此同时也有大受欢迎的机器人角色。原本是日本的机器人玩具的变形金刚，因为2007年上映的电影《变形金刚》及其续集而孕育出了包括票房收入和相关商品在内的总计2亿円的市场（朝日新聞デジタル2011年11月3日版）。
拥有变形金刚版权的美国玩具公司孩之宝2011年的营业额为4亿8300万美元，看到这些数字我们似乎能感到变形金刚已经克服了弗兰肯斯坦情结，那么究竟是不是如此呢？
翻译：未知的深蓝色 在西欧人们对机器人感到反感，而在美国《变形金刚》则大受欢迎。其成功的背景可能是美
销售额相同的变形金刚与高达
孩之宝是美国的位于美泰之后销售规模排名第二的玩具公司。其主打商品是星球大战、特种部队、土豆先生、芝麻街等相关玩具，而它与Takara Tomy合作后则可以经营变形金刚和战斗陀螺等玩具。就企业印象来说孩之宝相当于日本的万代南梦宫和Takara Tomy。销售规模和万代南梦宫大体相同。
下图显示了孩之宝公司最近十年的销售额，2002年到2006年的销售额只有30亿美元出头，而2007年则一下上升到40亿美元，这显然是《变形金刚》系列电影带来的效果。
孩之宝销售额变化（单位：亿美元，来源：孩之宝）
接着，在《变形金刚月黑之时》上映的2011年，其销售额达到了过去最高的42亿8669万美元。其中《变形金刚》相关商品的销售额是4亿8300万美元。顺便一提，销售额排在《变形金刚》之后的是战斗陀螺，可见日本相关产品的贡献度很高。
按1美元等于80円来算《变形金刚》的销售额的话就是386亿円，和万代南梦宫高达的382亿円基本相同。两家公司的总销售额、招牌角色的销售额竟然奇妙地一致，在世界范围内销售的变形金刚和内需型的高达处于同一水平的原因究竟是什么呢？
这可能是因为变形金刚的营收中版权收入占了相当大的比重。高达卖的是钢普拉等已经完成的商品，销售额自然就多。于此相对，变形金刚除了商品自身的销售额，还有从其他公司制作的商品中收取的版权费。
版权费和商品售价无关，已接近于纯利润。万代南梦宫和孩之宝所计算的高达和变形金刚的销售额的性质是相当不同的，所以才出现了万代南梦宫的销售额总利润率是36.9%
，
而孩之宝的利润率为57.2%这种结果。
从变形金刚来看孩之宝的机器人战略
八十年代前期Takara开始销售“ダイアクロン”和“ニューミクロマン”，以此为中心，再加上其他一些公司的变形机器人玩具并冠上“TRANSFORMERS”之名，变形金刚系列玩具开始了它的销售历程。顺便要说的是，变形金刚源自日本的机器人玩具。【描写变形金刚好段】
下图显示了《变形金刚》系列电影的票房收入，虽然第三部的北美票房有所下降，但全球票房则顺利上涨。当日本人在为以高达为中心的机器人角色的海外发展而烦恼的时候，变形金刚却已经克服了弗兰肯斯坦情结，这是为什么呢？解开这个谜题的关键就存在于从1984年开始播出的一连串变形金刚系列动画片中。
《变形金刚》系列电影票房收入（单位：千美元，来源：BOXOFFICE MOJO）
这些系列动画虽然大部分都在日本制作，但是剧本、分镜等前期工作以及后期制作（音响、剪辑）则由美国方面来完成，日本方面则制作主要的动画影像，日美主要以这种方式进行合作（虽然是从1984年开始的长篇系列片，但是制作体制则发生过数次更替）
也就是说，美国方面支配了动画的所有创意，他们在这个过程中运用了解除弗兰肯斯坦情结的手法。某种意义上可以说是面向基督教圈的本土化，他们给“超级机器人生命体”附加了“拥有机械身体的人类“这种细微变化，借此慢慢消除了人们的机器人过敏症。接着，孩之宝就把它在和机器人打了二十年交道的过程中得到的技巧运用在了2007年开始的系列电影中。
过去机器人动画的海外发展
若不像《变形金刚》一样实行本土化，现阶段的日本机器人角色将很难越过弗兰肯斯坦情结这堵墙。但这并不代表过去没有出现过成功的例子。
1963年开始播出的日本首部三十分钟电视系列动画《铁臂阿童木》曾被美国三大广播公司之一的NBC购买，并实现了全美播出的壮举（实际上进行播放的不是NBC而是网罗了各个地方电视台的节目销售网络（syndication network））。
另外在1978年，法国国营电视台分裂成三家并陷入了极端的软件不足的困境，此时东映动画（现東映アニメーション）制作的《Goldorak》（原名《UFO机器人 古连泰沙》）在法国播出并掀起了空前的热潮，据说“收视率达到100%”（虽然是以世代分类做的统计）。
同样是在1978年，拥有众多基督教徒的菲律宾当时还处于马科斯政权之下。而当时日本动画《超电磁侠波鲁吉斯V》在菲律宾的国营电视台一经播出就获得了儿童们的喜爱，创下了最高收视率58%这一惊人记录。于是菲律宾街头巷尾立刻涌现出各种相关商品，一下子就俘虏了孩子们的心。
这是一些在过去获得成功的例子。但却不免让人感到其中有相当多的偶然因素。在那之前出现的动画基本只有迪士尼制作的面向儿童的作品，而拥有写实的世界观、迅速的情节展开和相当多暴力情节的机器人动画突然出现，并深受儿童们的喜爱，完全是因为当时的人们还不知道机器人动画到底是怎么回事儿，所以机器人动画才能出口到国外。
于是，美国在六十年代末对儿童节目设置了严格的播放条件，日本动画遂受到毁灭性的打击。法国则因为日本动画人气过旺而给其贴上了“文化侵略”的标签，从八十年代开始限制了日本动画的引进。而在菲律宾，因为日本动画“内容过于暴力。会给处于成长期的儿童带来不良影响”，总统亲自发出了停止播出日本动画的宣言。
看了这些事例我们就能明白无论哪个国家，机器人动画对于儿童来说都是具有相当大的魅力的。而实际上《变形金刚》就货得成了成功，所以说机器人动画还是具有很大潜力的。
另外，在对于机器人没什么宗教禁忌的亚洲，其成功的可能性也是很高的。笔者已经在杭州动画展览会上发现了中国有很多的高达粉丝。御台场的Gundam Front东京也吸引了很多来自亚洲各地的粉丝，万代南梦宫为了强化高达产业已经在中国的大型在线购物网站“淘宝”开启了网店。其目标是三年后亚洲的高达商品的销售额能达到约是现在两杯的80亿円。
但是西欧圈仍然没有变化，在父母辈的眼里高达就不是什么讨人喜欢的东西，再加上严格的播放规定，很难想象在现在的状况下高达在西欧能有什么发展。《变形金刚》花了二十年完成了本土化，高达是不是要走同样的道路呢？这就要交给制作方来判断了（好莱坞应该也有意制作高达电影）。
日本机器人动画的优势
今后，机器人将不仅仅是在工业上，还有在家务、清扫、调查、警备、看护和救援等各个领域在全世界范围内发展，海外的机器人也毫无疑问会越来越亲近人类。汽车也可能会发展成不需要人类驾驶的机器人。
在这种情况下持有巨大优势的就是日本的机器人动画。它不像好莱坞电影一样否定机器人，而是给我们指示出了一条人类和机器人和谐共处共同前进的道路。
最近笔者观看的印度电影《机器人》中同时出现了西欧和亚洲的机器人观，是颇有意思的一部作品。另外香港电影中也出现了《未来警察 FUTURE X-COPS》这样的作品，《变形金刚》之后亚洲也开始出现了这些以机器人为主题的作品。
这些都是日本动画遥遥领先的题材，发挥出这个优势的方法不可能不存在。就这个意义来说，我们应该认为现在这种情况对机器人动画的发展来说是一次很大的机会。
增田弘道（ますだ?ひろみち）
1954年出生。法政大学毕业后，以音乐事业为开端，拥有出版、动画等多方面的contents business的经验。Video market董事，映画専門大学院大学专职教授，日本动画协会date base working主席。著有《アニメビジネスがわかる》（译注：我懂得了动画商业）（NTT出版）、《もっとわかるアニメビジネス》（译注：进一步理解动画商业）（NTT出版）、《动画产业报告》（编辑·共同执笔，2009~2011年，日本动画协会date base working）等。
博客：アニメビジネスがわかる
原文地址：
《描写玩具的好句好段》
描写变形金刚好段 第四篇
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