【www.guakaob.com--父亲节】
记者：这个就是甲鱼的牙印。
刘幸全：给你留个纪念，跟你稍稍亲了一下。
忙活了半天时间，刘幸全顺利的给甲鱼搬了新家。养殖甲鱼二十多年，做这些刘幸全早已轻车熟路，如今他的甲鱼行销四川多地的大型超市，年销售额近1000万元。
可是，2006年当第二任妻子李建华认识刘幸全时，他正处在人生的最低谷，那时的刘幸全养殖甲鱼赔了钱，老婆也患病离世。
刘幸全：看东西都是没有色彩了，看什么东西都是灰色一样。假如说没有下面这个双胞胎，我准备跟她一起去了，因为没有她这个生活已经没有意义了。
为给妻子治病，刘幸全花光所有积蓄，还欠下了十多万元的外债，恰恰这点打动了李建英。
妻子李建英：这个人比较踏实，肯干，就是说对妻子、对小孩都比较好。只要妻子的病能治好，他能付出所有的一切代价，所以我感觉这一点做的很好的。
刘幸全的有情有义不仅帮他赢得芳心，还在未来助他渡过了生意上的生死难关。那时刘幸全丧失了对生活的希望，无心生意的他甚至半年都不去养殖场一次，李建英鼓励刘幸全重回养殖场，不仅如此，知道刘幸全缺资金后，李建英还把自己原先的美容院生意卖掉，筹集了十多万元给刘幸全周转。
刘幸全：当时安慰还是很大的，因为人在低潮的时候，就像人在最冷的时候，稍稍给你一点这个衣服，你都感觉到很温暖。
爱人的关心，让刘幸全找回自信，他反思总结了自己以前养殖甲鱼的经验，觉得之所以做甲鱼生意起落十几年没赚到什么钱，和他总是不断跟风有关。
刘幸全：刚刚开始我喂甲鱼的时候，都是露天甲鱼，大家都还能赚一部分钱，最后别人搞温室甲鱼，我又去搞温室甲鱼，也能赚一点钱，但是很短暂，一两年这个行情就没有了。就是老跟在别人屁股后头是找不了钱的。
这里是四川省黑龙滩水库，2007年，刘幸全听说黑龙滩捕鱼队捕捞上来不少多年生的甲鱼，他不顾200多元一斤的高价，一口气买下了十几万元的甲鱼。他想用这些甲鱼作为母本，与外地公本甲鱼杂交，不再温室养殖，改为外塘养殖。经过三年的等待，刘幸全的甲鱼终于长成了，他希望这次对养殖品种和养殖方式的改变，能让他来个财富大翻身。2010年9月，第一次清塘捕捞时刘幸全很兴奋，因为他发现杂交后的甲鱼个头大，野性足，与温室甲鱼有很大的区别。
刘幸全：就是很直观的就是颜色，温室甲鱼它是在黑暗的室内长成的，所以它的体色就是黑色的，这个是在自然环境长大的，它是黄色的。翻过来你看，它里面的花朵还没有走完，我们孵出来的甲鱼就是小的，都是腹部有花的。
记者：它的背部还会黑吗？
刘幸全：就是没有了，喂上一年就没有了。
把甲鱼塘里的水放干，清塘抓甲鱼，是大规模捕捞甲鱼时用到的方法。记者体验后发现，不说快速地捕捞甲鱼，一般人在泥塘里行走都成问题。
刘幸全：现在好一些了吧？慢一点。那个脚尖用劲。
记者：你感觉是在这块位置吗？
刘幸全：你看，你感觉它在动吗？看见没有，没有感觉吗？
记者：我感觉到了。我感觉到了。
刘幸全：抓他后腿的地方。
记者：我这样会不会把它掰坏呀？
刘幸全：没问题。掰不坏，它很结实的。
记者：我看到裙边了。来了，来了，好大的一只，我的成果，抓了一只。（声音填一下）这有几斤重呀？
刘幸全：这个三斤多吧。
记者：这个甲鱼好凶。
刘幸全：它在泥里不咬人。出水后马上就咬人。（出水后）它就看见你了，它就认为你对它有伤害，所以它要攻击你了。在泥里，它不知道你是甲鱼还是人，还是什么什么，你知道吧。
2010年10月刘幸全看这些杂交甲鱼不但凶猛，外表还接近于野生甲鱼，他满怀信心。刘幸全在成都一家超市租下了一个摊位，这本来是件大喜事，可很快刘幸全就笑不出来了，因为他的甲鱼在超市里销售并不旺，加上人工等成本，算下来还亏了本。
刘幸全：超市里面不一样，你卖的好，就你给你把位置，摊位扩大一点，卖的不好就给你缩小一点，假如说一个礼拜、两个礼拜卖不动，好，叫你退场。所以当时压力是特别大的。
2010年11月，刘幸全得知一个消息，多年的老友熊学辉患病在床，病情不容乐观。
甲鱼池塘仿生态养殖技术
摘要 从池塘环境选择、仿生态环境建设、苗种放养、饲料投喂、日常管理、疾病防治等方面阐述了甲鱼池塘仿生态养殖技术，以指导甲鱼养殖。
关键词 甲鱼；池塘；仿生态；养殖技术
1 池塘环境选择
1.1 养殖环境选择
甲鱼喜阳怕风，喜静怕惊，喜洁怕脏。要求养殖池塘环境安静，无工业“三废”及医疗垃圾、生活等污染源，水质清新无污染，符合国家渔业用水标准，交通便利，光照好，排灌方便。
1.2 养殖池塘设施
甲鱼池面积以0.47～0.80 hm2为宜，水深1.2～2.5 m，池底淤泥小于20 cm，池底平坦，坡比1∶2.5～3.0。进排水口设置在池塘相对两侧，池埂夯实不漏，池埂向内出檐15 cm。为防止甲鱼外逃和敌害的侵入，进排水口用50目双层钢丝网过滤，在池塘四周用石棉瓦材料制成防逃围墙，围墙四周高出池埂50～60 cm，埋入土下30 cm左右。在池塘岸边四周设置饲料台及晒背栖息台，数量依池塘大小而定[1-2]。
2 池塘仿生态环境建设
2.1 栽种水生植物
为改善池塘环境，增加养殖的经济效益，可在池塘中栽植沉水植物如伊乐藻、分苦草、眼子菜等，挺水植物如莲藕等，浮水植物如芜萍、凤眼莲等，水草覆盖率约1/3。在甲鱼池中种植水草具有以下优点：①增加溶氧量，净化水质；②为甲鱼清洁身体，提供栖息场所和饵料；③调节水温，特别是夏季，栽种水生植物可以提供遮荫的场所，能够有效降温。
2.2 投放有机营养料
为促进蚌、螺及其他底栖动物和野杂小鱼虾的生长，应定期施肥，控制水质，利用藻类调剂水质，为甲鱼生长提供优质适口饵料[3-4]。
2.3 培养水生动物
为保证甲鱼有足够的饵料，同时改善池水的水质，投放3 000 kg/hm2的蚌、螺及其他底栖动物和野杂小鱼虾，5—6月将抱卵青虾投放甲鱼池，能为甲鱼的生长提供活饵。投放螺蛳可为甲鱼提供活性蛋白饵料，同时净化池底，调节水质，投放前用8～10 mg/L高锰酸钾消毒10～15 min，若池塘中螺蛳数量较少，可于8月下旬至9月上旬适量补投。
3 苗种放养
3.1 池塘消毒
放养前15 d，用生石灰全池泼洒，以消灭底泥中的病原体；7 d后注入50 cm新水，同时捞出被杀死的杂物、野杂鱼，保持水质清洁。
3.2 苗种放养
苗种可以自繁培育，也可以从外地选购，外地选购的甲鱼要进行1个月的暂养强化培育。鱼苗要求体质健壮、无病无伤、个体整齐、反应灵敏、色泽光亮、健康。放养时动作轻快，以避免苗种受伤。放养的密度按规格定，一般规格为8只/kg，投放2.25万只/hm2左右；4只/kg，投放6 000只/hm2左右。甲鱼种放养后，套养规格50 g左右的链、鳙鱼种，套养4 500尾/hm2左右，提高水体利用
池塘淡水鱼甲鱼混养技术
1996年初，金湖县承担了江苏省水产局下达的“池塘鱼鳖混养技术”重点示范区建设任务，经过一年的实施，1996年底通过了省水产局组织的专家组验收，全面完成合同规定的各项技术经济指标，建成省级池塘鱼鳖混养技术示范区500亩。 池塘鱼鳖混养是提高池塘渔业综合效益的有效途径。现将此项技术要点作简要介绍。
1、池塘的改造与建设。 示范区地点在涂沟镇水产养殖场，利用原有的养鱼池塘改建成鱼鳖混养池，每口池塘面积5～15亩，平均水深2米以上，池底淤泥深25厘米左右。在池塘四周建防逃设施，使用的材料有砖、水泥板、钙塑板等，以砖墙结构为主，地上高度40厘米，墙顶向池内出檐15厘米,墙上设 50厘米高的内倾式防逃防盗塑料网。为解决鳖、鱼分灶吃饭的问题，池中设马鞍形食台，一般 1～2亩水面设置一个。
2、苗种放养。示范区统一鱼种和幼鳖放养模式，鱼池在放养前每亩用生石灰50公斤化水全池泼洒消毒。鱼种在3月底全部放养结束，亩均放养120.6公斤，其中滤食性鱼类占50％，草、鳊鱼占35％，鲤、鲫鱼占15％。鱼种放养时用3％～5％食盐水或10PPm漂白粉溶液浸洗消毒。5月下旬至6月上旬示范区共放养幼鳖30596只5259公斤，亩均61.2只10.25公斤，平均规格每只172克。
3、饲养管理。
①饲料投喂。池塘鱼鳖混养技术是运用生态渔业建设的生态位原理，用鳖充实池塘空缺生态位，充分发挥生态位效能，提高池塘渔业
的综合效益。由于幼鳖放养量不大，因而可以充分利用池塘中的天然饵料，适当增投部分人工饲料，主要有螺蛳、鲜杂鱼以及少量配合饲料，饲料投喂在马鞍形食台上,每天上午9时左右投喂。每生产1 公斤商品鳖投喂螺蛳5.71公斤、鲜杂鱼0.72公斤和配合饲料15.5克。养鱼饲料以商品饲料和人工种植的苏丹草为主，投喂方法与常规养鱼相同。
②水质管理。一般7～10天加水一次，每次加水 20 ～30厘米，夏秋高温季节每2～3天加水一次，同时每20～30天用生石灰20～30PPm全池泼洒一次。
③日常管理。坚持专人值班，早晚巡塘检查， 一查水质状况，二查鳖、鱼摄食情况，三查防逃设施是否有损坏，四查有无病情，并做好防洪、防风、防偷工作。
09年开始注意到这个小东西，当时在花鸟市场看到有很多小鳖，觉得挺可爱加上很新奇，就买了10只，全部丢进家里的鱼池和4只1斤重的巴西混养。结果悲剧啊，当我发现的时候，已经被巴西吃了好几只。等最后捞起来惊魂未定的几只，没几天也都死了。于是第二次我买了个盆子，又买了5只，但后来身上都白了，也一个个死了。2次失败的经历深深刺激了我，加上不信那个邪，我开始上网查资料，整理方法和经验。等到感觉差不多了，就开始又一轮的饲养。到如今，饲养已经成功。总结就一句话，家庭鱼缸饲养小鳖，其实很简单。 首先谈谈选苗的问题。花鸟市场或者市场买的小鳖，都是养殖场大多淘汰的次品，或者存在某种缺陷的品种。但是，金子也会有被淘出来的时候。就是说好的苗也有漏网的时候。只要你会挑。首先看体型，裙边要厚，薄的特别是下垂的不能要，甲鱼的裙边就像骆驼的驼峰，有丰富的营养物质储存。其次拿到手里，鳖苗5-10秒会回头咬你的是上等。看着你不动，发呆，或者装死的，不能要。如果苗都不咬，就把它背翻过来，多翻几次。它很快翻回去，并且用一种：喂，你有完没完的眼神看着你的话，苗的质量也可以。还有就是背拱度高，就是驼背的不能要。那种是残疾品种。另外看看肚子，脚趾，有没有白色的东西。没有就基本可以付钱了。
鳖是很神经质的动物，类似水瓶座，就是那种怪胎。它胆子小，却很残忍，而且什么都吃。刚买回家的小鳖，先放盆子里拿高锰酸钾泡泡。高锰酸钾也叫PP粉，药店都有，很便宜，紫色的粉末。是强氧化剂。放多少呢，水呈西瓜汁或者草莓汁的淡淡红色就行了。鳖对高锰酸钾不敏感，查过水产的资料，所以放心的泡，不要怕它喝了。即使它喝了，高锰酸钾也能喝，人吃了农药还喝高锰酸钾催吐。泡个15-30分钟。别的效果没那么好，因为高锰酸钾杀细菌，杀真菌，杀寄生虫。一次过满足你三个愿望，不能说不给力。泡完的小鳖就丢鱼缸里，我家鱼缸是40*20*20的。水有18-20cm高。别听网上的瞎说什么水不要太高啊，太高会淹死。还有什么水有它体积3倍就行了，或者是伸长脖子能呼吸就够。那是不够的。鳖比巴西，甚至小E的水性都好。（特别是冬眠的时候）。鳖的皮肤都能有微量的呼吸。（网上说的，不知对不对）但我亲眼看到鳖的皮肤都能冒小水泡。鳖甚至说需要水压，才能长好。你想啊，自然界湖泊里水几米至十几米，那稚鳖不都不用活了。所以20cm的水，根本不算什么。但是水里也要放点水草，水葫芦之类的水生植物，让它歇脚。不能什么都不放。频繁的起伏换气会消耗小鳖过多的能量，难长大。而且放点水草鱼缸也好看。
还有就是放不放沙子的问题。不要放。吃不完的食物和粪便会埋在沙子里，容易恶劣水质。小鳖皮肤嫩，扒沙子容易感染。而且你水这么多，它扒进沙子，隔一下就要出来换气，几个来回也累得够呛。就裸缸，搞点鹅卵石。不要花岗岩，要光滑的鹅卵石。鳖不是要沙子，它只是要安全感，你多搞点水草，水葫芦之类的，它有叶子躲藏，一样能有安全感。鱼缸用自来水，滴去氯水+水质稳定剂。花鸟市场都有，很便宜，5块钱一瓶，滴个3-4滴就行了。最主要的就是一定要加食盐+小苏打。小鳖很容易感染白斑，食盐+小苏打保证鳖不再长白斑。小苏打药店有，也叫碳酸氢钠。做包子也用到它。龙眼核那么大小的分量食盐+同样分量大小的小苏打，混好了倒水里就行了。也可以按照0.05%的比例自己调配。买个捞鱼的捞子，2块钱。看到小鳖大便了，就捞起来。中午的时候开开过滤器，水只要不臭，不太脏，就别换。换的话留小部分老水。换水后按照刚才说的加药品。
小鳖吃东西的问题。小鳖刚买进鱼缸会拼命头朝下划水，像看自己的小鸡鸡一样的动作。你别管它，让它划去。它在适应环境。需要2-3天。快点一天就好了。这个时候你别老是去看它，为了它好就别看。否则容易吓出一种鳖的综合症，无药可以治疗的。等到你看到它们伸长脖子像寻找东西的时候，就能喂东西了。东西一定要小。我是喂寸金牌得热带鱼饲料，3块钱一包。很小颗粒的，像白蓝根冲剂那么小的颗粒。注意拿个东西戳一下饲料，让饲料
沉底。鳖喜欢水底觅食，不喜欢水面。这个饲料小，小鳖能一口一个，很喜欢吃的。还有就是花鸟市场卖鱼的那里有冻红虫，2-3块钱一大版，每版独立包装一小盒。解冻后喂，小鳖超级喜欢这口，就像小孩喜欢M记一样。还有就是煮熟的玉米粒也吃，碎猪肉，碎猪肝，碎牛肉也可以喂。虾，贝壳肉更好。但都要很小。小鳖没有牙齿，硬了咬不烂，就当它是老太婆去喂，什么软喂什么。
小鳖生病的问题。我查了下，基本小鳖的病就分病毒，真菌，细菌，寄生虫。病毒和寄生虫一般家庭鱼缸碰不到，露天鱼塘容易碰到。如果家里碰到就当自己倒霉吧。主要就是细菌和真菌。真菌前面说了食盐小苏打就搞定了，。实在怕不行，买支克霉唑软膏，1块钱药店就有，。或者达克宁15块也行。效果差不多。主要就是细菌，什么白底板，血丝，白点病，腐皮，疥疮，等等。都是细菌引起的。而且，主要是格兰阴性细菌。细菌分格兰阳性与格兰阴性。好像和种格兰测试纸的反应颜色来区分。总之只要知道是阴性细菌就行了。格兰阴性细菌对庆大霉素，红霉素，呋喃唑酮高度敏感。呋喃唑酮也叫痢特灵，药店2块钱一瓶。呋喃唑酮效果很好，我一直用它。小鳖有这些病，搞点绿豆大小的药泡，不要洒鱼缸里，单独拿出来泡，洒鱼缸的话，缸里有益的菌也死了，对缸里的生态系统不好。注意水质，多捞大便，食物残渣，这样的话水里有害细菌会被自然抑制的，小鳖得病也就少。
小鳖喜欢晒太阳。淘宝之类的很多网上有卖乌龟晒背台，一个浮在水面的浮台，20块一个。阳光不仅有紫外线杀菌，还可以转化身体的钙，能让它长的更健康。鱼缸里也可以养点小热带鱼，鳖还不会自己捕食，小鱼很安全。小鱼还可以吃小鳖吃剩的饲料，也能促进水的流动。金鱼就算了，吃的多拉得多。等到小鳖长大了能自己捕食了，鱼吃了就吃了，反正毕竟小鳖才重要。
上面都是我的个人经验，大家可以参考也可以照抄，不在乎过程，只在乎养活自己心中的宠物。也可以私下多交流下经验。
龙源期刊网 .cn
红菱套养甲鱼 混搭出高效益
作者：许诺
来源：《农村百事通》2014年第16期
浙江省平湖市广陈镇的不少农户有种植红菱的传统，而广陈镇高新村残疾人创业基地的红菱更是种出了新花样。基地负责人沈微平是从2009年开始种植红菱的，他说当时是抱着种来看看的想法，共试种了0.33公顷（5亩）红菱。不曾想，第一年红菱种下来，就获得了每667平方米（1亩）3000多元的效益。
据了解，沈微平基地的红菱每年销量都不错，今年刚种下去2公顷（30亩）红菱就已经被老客户预订了。为什么他种的红菱这么受欢迎呢？原来，他在红菱塘里还套养了甲鱼，形成了一套生态种养模式。红菱在长菱的时候，塘里虫子特别多，养一些甲鱼在菱塘里之后，虫子都让甲鱼给吃掉了，农药打得很少，红菱的品质自然就好了，购买者更愿意订购这样的红菱。 红菱塘里套养甲鱼还有一个好处，就是甲鱼可以吃红菱塘里的虫子及其他浮游生物，这样甲鱼就基本上不需要喂其他饲料，甲鱼在菱塘里类似野生长大的。甲鱼长得很好，品质也好。红菱塘里的甲鱼平均每只1.5公斤，而沈微平卖出去的甲鱼市场零售价是每公斤300元。虽然价格不算低，但是大家还是愿意买这种质量好、口感好、味道鲜美的甲鱼。因此，沈微平每年在红菱塘里面套养的甲鱼又给他带来了一笔可观的收入。【鱼塘套养甲鱼】
据了解，到2014年9月上旬，沈微平的2公顷红菱就可以采摘上市了，预计仅今年的红菱产值就将达到15万元左右，收益较好。
（浙江 ; 许诺）
目 录
第一章 总 论·························································································································································1 1.1项目名称 ·······················································································································································1 1.2项目承办单位···············································································································································1 1.3项目概况 ·······················································································································································1 1.4项目主要建设内容及规模 ························································································································1 1.5资金来源 ·······················································································································································2 1.6建设年限 ·······················································································································································2 1.7编制依据 ·······················································································································································2 第二章 项目建设的必要性及目标 ·····················································································································3 2.1项目必要性 ···················································································································································3 2.2项目目标 ·······················································································································································4 第三章 项目区域概况 ···········································································································································5 3.1项目单位基本情况······································································································································5 3.2自然条件 ·······················································································································································6 3.3企业自身优势···············································································································································6 第四章 建设内容及规模·······································································································································8 4.1建设内容及规模 ··········································································································································8 4.2建设方案 ·······················································································································································8 4.3养殖生产技术···············································································································································9 第五章 项目实施进度 ·········································································································································11 5.1施工遵循的原则 ········································································································································11 5.2项目进度安排·············································································································································11 5.3工程进度的保证措施 ·······························································································································11 5.4安全施工保证措施····································································································································12 第六章 投资估算 ··················································································································································13 6.1估算依据 ·····················································································································································13 6.2估算依据 ·····················································································································································13 第七章 效益评价 ··················································································································································16 7.1环境效益 ·····················································································································································16 7.2社会效益 ·····················································································································································16 7.3经济效益分析·············································································································································17 第八章 项目工程保障 ·········································································································································20 8.1项目组织保障·············································································································································20 8.2项目管理保障·············································································································································20 8.3工程管理措施·············································································································································21 8.4资金管理措施·············································································································································21 8.5档案管理保障·············································································································································21
I
8.6项目验收保障·············································································································································22 第九章 招标方案 ··················································································································································23 9.1 招标依据·····················································································································································23 9.2 招标范围·····················································································································································23
附件：
项目区位臵图 项目施工图 1. 营业执照 2. 组织机构代码 3. 国、地税税务登记证 4. 开户许可证、 5. 法定代表人身份证 6. 项目使用水域备案证书 7. 土地使用协议 8. 产地认定证书 9. 无公害农产品证书
10. 农业部水产健康养殖示范场通知
11. 招标方案和不招标申请表
II
第一章 总 论
1.1项目名称
XX甲鱼养殖池塘改造
1.2项目承办单位
X县XX甲鱼养殖有限公司
1.3项目概况
建设性质：改建【鱼塘套养甲鱼】
项目建设地址：X县XX村
项目主管部门：X县发展和改革局与乡政府 项目建设法人代表：XXX 联系电话： 建设期限：一年
1.4项目主要建设内容及规模
项目改造甲鱼养殖池塘10个，每个池塘均6亩水面，生产、生活、管理用房6亩，计126㎡，进水管道280ｍ，排水管道300ｍ，地面硬化2750㎡，以及围墙、监控、输电设备等。【鱼塘套养甲鱼】
1
1.5资金来源
项目总投资181万元，申请省煤炭可持续发展基金25万元，其余156万元资金由公司自筹。
1.6建设年限
2010年9月---2011年8月
1.7编制依据
XX发改农经发[2011]783号《关于申报2011年省级政府投资渔业基本建设项目的通知》。 《XX省建筑工程计价定额》 《XX省建筑工程施工及验收规范》
2
第二章 项目建设的必要性及目标
2.1项目必要性
目前，农村经济的发展与农民收入的增长已成为我国国民经济发展的焦点问题。在种粮效益比较低及可耕地有限的情况下，单纯依靠粮食作物产量的增加来提高农民收入是不现实的，必须优化农业内部经济结构，大力发展特色农业，以促进农村经济的全面发展，增加农民收入。
中华甲鱼原产我国，距今已有1.2亿年的历史，中华鳖的营养滋补作用，食用与药用价值很早就被我们的祖先所认识，早在3000多年的周朝，就有用鳖作为朝中贡品的记载。鳖肉兼有兽禽、鱼蛙的鲜香风味，一直是我国、日本与东南亚国家各国宴席上的珍馐佳肴。现代科学检测表明，鳖肉不仅蛋白质含量很高，均达到15％--18％，而且人类必须的氨基酸高达19％--43％，还含有一般肉类很少有的蛋氨酸；鳖甲及肉所含的活性钙、磷、铁、铜、锌、硒等十分丰富；鳖血、鳖卵、鳖胆及肉等还含有丰富的维生素B(B1,2,6,12),D、E、叶酸、泛酸等。因此，鳖不仅是“营养宝库”，而且被中外学者称为“生命活力源”。
20世纪90年代以来，我国中华鳖养殖飞速发展。工厂化、集约化养殖场在全国各地应运而生。但是，仅仅经历了5个年头，由于养殖者过分追求产量，不正确使用饲料添加剂，滥用药物，造成了甲鱼病害频繁而严重，成活率低，加上经营管理不善等诸多因素，使不少养殖企业陷入困境，纷纷转产、倒闭。
我国加入WTO后，在全国启动无公害食品行动计划。2002年4月发
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