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中学英语语法网络图（九）
十二。倒装句
十三。虚拟语气
中考复习宾语从句专项练习
单项选择
1．– Mr. Wang, can you tell me ? - will help you.
A. why I can get the latest news about education
B. where can I search for the information about high schools
C. where I can find out the exam scores
2．– Do you know of Guo Mingyi?
- Yes. He is an ordinary (普通的) worker helps many poor children in China. We should follow his example.
A. that B. which C. whom
3．By reading the article, we know how ______ in our daily life.
A. will we protect the earth B. we can reduce pollution
C. should we save water D. we must recycle things
4．—Have you asked the policeman _______?
— Yes. He told us to turn left onto Main Street. It’s on the right.
A. if there is a bank near here B. how can we get to the nearest bank
C. where can we find a bank D. when we can go to the nearest bank
5．They wonder________ robots will make humans lose their jobs or not
A. that B. if C. whether
6．No one knows what _______ in fifty years.
A. will our life be like B. is our life like
C. our life will be like D. our life is like
7．Do you know _____I saw yesterday? It was my favorite star, Jackie!
A. whom B. when C. where D. how
8．People in Yancheng are proud of ________ they have achieved in the past thirty years.
A. how B. which C. what D. when
9．– I wonder .
-- Shandong Province.
A. when will Li yuan come B. where Li yuan is from
C. where Li yuan came from D. how Li yuan will come
10．I don’t know________.
Because he has to look after his mother.
A. why he is leaving B. why is he leaving
C. whether he is leaving D. whether is he leaving
11．—Can you tell me ____ the prize, Tom?
—Last year。
A. when you got B. when did you get
C. when will you get D. when you will get
12.What did the teacher say to you just now? She asked _________.
A. where did I learn English
B. where I learned English
C. where do I learn English
D. where I learn English
13．Could you tell me ______?
This way, please.
A. where are the special shoes
B. where the special shoes are
C. where will be the special shoes
14．---- Would you please tell me _______?
----Yes. There’s a bank over there.
A. When can I exchange money B. where can I exchange money
C. when I can exchange money D. where I can exchange money
15．----Excuse me. Could you tell me _______?
----Yes. There is a video shop next to the tall building.
A. where can I buy some CDs B. where I can buy some CDs
C. when can I buy some CDs D. when I can buy some CDs
16．He said _____ he would come back in a week.
A. when B. what C. that D. why
17．—Bob, please tell me .
—In South Hill School.
A. where will the match be held B. where the match will be held
C. when will the match be held D. when the match will be held
18．I don ' t know .
A. where she comes from . B. how old is she C. When was she born ?
19．How soon will you start your journey?
I’m not sure. I haven’t decided ______.
A. when shall I ask the boss for leave
B. where I will go to spend the holiday
C. whether I would go by train or by plane
D. who could invite me to go
20．—Excuse me. Can you tell me ?
—At about 8 o’clock, sir.
A. what time the plane will reach Beijing
B. what time will the plane arrive in Beijing
C. what time the plane will arrive Beijing
D. what time will the plane get to Beijing
21．Lily doesn’t know ________ she and her friends can do to help the little boy ________ parents have left their hometown for making money.
A. that; whose B. how; who C. what; who D. what; whose
22．--Could you please tell me tomorrow?
-- At 8 o'clock.
A. how will she come B. where she will go C. what time she will start
23．—Hi, Bruce. Here is a letter for you.
—Thanks. I wonder .
A. who the letter was from B. who was from the letter
C. who was the letter from D. who from the letter was
24．I don't remember____________ the book yesterday.
A. where I put B. where did I put
C. where will I put D. where l will put
25．--Tell me ____________.
---Well, it’s like „
A. what is wrong with it B. what is it
C. what the matter is with it D. what is it like
26．Philip has gone to New Zealand．
Oh，can you tell me________?
A．when did he leave B．when he is leaving
C．when he left D．when is he leaving
27．---Could you tell me_________?
---More than a year.
A. how soon will Yangzhou-Taizhou Airport be built
B. how long has Yangzhou-Taizhou Airport been in service
C. how soon Yangzhou-Taizhou Airport will be built
D. how long Yangzhou-Taizhou Airport has been in service
28．The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder ______.
A. how much it cost B. how much it costs
C. how much did it cost D. how much does it cost
29．If you can’t find the place, I will show you _______.
A. what it is B. what it was C. where it is D. where it was
30．— Could you tell me _______in your hometown in winter?
— Sure.
A. whether does it often snow B. whether it often snows
C. if it often snow D. if does it snow
31．—Could you tell me __ ?
—Yes, it will start at ten.
A. when will the meeting begin B. when the meeting will begin
C. where the meeting begins D. where does the meeting begin
32．— Could you tell me Zhang Daqian Museum?
—The day after tomorrow, I think.
A. when will you visit B. when you will visit C. when you would visit
33．--- Can you tell me ______ on the Internet? --- OK, mum.
A. how can I use QQ B. where can I use QQ
C. how I can use QQ D. whether can I use QQ
34．—“Did you have any difficulty in today’s homework?”
—“No, in fact I found ________.”
A. it very easy to do B. it very easy done
C. it’s very easy to do D. very easy to do it
35．—I’m going to buy a car. Any advice, Charlie?
—Well, it depends on ______. If money isn’t a problem, you can buy a BMW.
A. when you will buy one B. how much you can afford
C. what color you like D. where you are driving
36．I don’t understand _________ that everything’s fine when it’s not.
A. how can he say B. can he say how
C. he can say how D. how he can say
37．There are no words to describe_______ I miss my hometown.
A. how much B. how many C. how soon D. how long
38．— Did the radio say ________?
—Yes, from Hunan.
A. how the bad rice came B. where the bad rice came from
C. how did the bad rice come D. where did the bad rice come from
39．-Did Mrs Brown leave a message?
-Yes. She wanted to know____ this Sunday.
A. that you will go shopping
B. when will you go shopping with her
C. if you would go shopping with her
D. who you would go shopping
40．There’re too many clothes in the shop. I really can’t decide .
A. which to buy coat B. to buy which coat
C. which coat should I buy D. which coat to buy
41．— Could you please tell me ?
— In three days.
A. when will your course start
B. when your course will start
C. when your course started
D. when did your course start
42．—Could you tell me __________ yesterday?
—Because my bike was broken on my way here.
A. why you came late B. why do you come late
C. why you come late D. why did you come late
43．——Do you know_____?
——He is a dentist.
A. where he is from B. where is he from C. what does his father do D. what his father is
44．---Miss Lee, I didn’t catch what you said. Could you tell me ______ again? ---OK.
A. what should we take B. where shall we meet
C. when we would start D. how we will get there
45． Do you know _____________Guangzhou tomorrow?
A. whether they leave for B. whether will they leave for
C. whether they are leaving for D. whether do they leave for
46．—Could you please tell me ____________？
—Yes, go along the road and you’ll see it on your right.
A. what I should buy for my mother B. where can I wait for the bus
C. how I can get to Shangdong Universty D. that I can go to the library
47．—Hi, Bob! Can you tell me ______?—Sure. The No.5 bus will take you there.
A. how far is it B. where is the zoo
C. how I can get to the zoo D. which bus should I take
48．---Can you guess the new Nike sports shoes?
---Yes. Maybe he asked his grandpa to pay for them, I think.
A. where he bought B. how he paid for
C. when he paid for D. why he bought
49．--- today!
---Yes. Shall we have a picnic in the open air?
A. What fine weather is B. How fine weather it is
C. What a fine weather it is D. How fine the weather is
初中英语倒装句复习 倒装：
1 全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went.
2 部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例题
1) Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man
know
答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。 改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。
3 以否定词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
典型例题
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。
注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。 Not only you but also I am fond of music.
4 so, neither, nor作部分倒装
表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
典型例题
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
答案：B. nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。
注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为 "的确如此"。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. ---It's raining hard. ---So it is.
5 only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
6 as, though 引导的倒装句 （了解即可）
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。
注意：
1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work
satisfactorily.
注意:
让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。
7 其他部分倒装 （了解即可）
1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy.
3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
Were I you, I would try it again.
典型例题：
1） Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案为D. 否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。
2） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize 答案为B。
3) Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know, ___.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
解析：答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示 "也不"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。
一.定语从句
1. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one【初中生英语的好的倒装句，宾语从句等】
2. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?
A. that B. where C. which D. the one
3. May the fourth is the day __________ we Chinese people will never forget.
A. which B. when C. on which D. about which
4. Is there anything __________ to you?
A. that is belonged B. that belongs
C. that belong D. which belongs
5. Anyone __________ this opinion may speak out.
A. that against B. that against C. who is against D. who are a gainst
二.宾语从句与 状语从句（时间状语从句与条件状语从句）
6. No one tells us________, so we need your help.
A. how should we do ，B. what should we do
C. how to do it D. what to do it (江苏盐城)
7. Could you tell me________。
A .where do you live ；B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for；D. where you live in (大连)
8. Do you still remember________。
A. that he said B. what he said
C. did he say that D. what did he say (辽宁)
9. I can't understand________the boy alone.
A. why she left B. why did she leave
C. why had she left D. why she had left (南京)
宾语从句注意 ：
语序与时态
（语序-------陈述语序）
时态 ：主句 现在时-，从句用句子所需的各种时态 ；
主句 过去时-，从句用过去的相关形式。
I don’t know when he was born.
I don’t know what he is doing now
He said he had eaten up all the food.
He said he ______(will) go to $2.
10. If she________take enough exercise, she will be ill.
A. isn't B. don't C. won't D. doesn't(福建泉州)
11. If he________early tomorrow , he won't miss the first bus.
A. don't leave B. leaves C. will leave D. leave (青海)
12. He________wait until the rain________.
A. won't, will stop B. won't, stop
C. will, stops D. will, will stop (南京)
13. I don't know if he________tomorrow. If he________, I'll meet him.
A. will come; comes B. comes; comes
C. will come; will come D. comes; will come (山东威海)
14. I don't know if it________tomorrow. If it________, I will not go fishing.
A. rains; rains B. rains; will rainC. will rain; rains D. will rain;rain (呼和浩特)
当主句用将来时，祈使句，时间状语从句与条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来时。
Eg: If he ______(be) free , let me know.
He won’t be crazy until he ______(know) the result.
三.need 的实意动词与情态动词的区别
1.“need” 作情态动词时一般用在否定或疑问句中，与其他情态动词一样，后接动词原形，无人称及数的变化。表示“需要”或“必须”，例句：
1．You needn't do it again．你不需要再做了。
2．He needn't worry about it．这件事他无需担心。
3．Need he do this homework first？他需要先做这些作业吗？
2. “need”作为实义动词时，通常用法是：
Sb＋need ＋to do
sth＋need ＋doing
sth ＋need ＋to be done
例句：
1.We need to tell him the truth．我们需要告诉他真相。
2.The flowers need watering．这些花需要浇水。
3.His leather shoes needs to be mended．他的皮鞋需要修补。
另外，“need”后还可以直接跟名词。请看下面的例子：
It is aquestion that needs careful consideraton．这是一个需要慎重考虑的问题。
高考英语倒装句考点归纳与试题解析
英语中的倒装句指的是主语、谓语位置颠倒的情况，根据其倒装形式又可分为部分倒装和全部倒装两种形式。在历年的高考中，倒装句都是其考查的重点，本文通过对高考倒装句考点的归纳和试题的解析，以便同学们能够更好的备考2007年高考。
考点一. 强调否定状语的倒装句。即将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首引起的部分倒装结构。这类状语有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely….when…, no sooner…than…, not only…but also…, not until, nowhere, neither…nor…等。
例1. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means____ with my progress. (06年重庆卷)
A. the teacher is not satisfied
B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied
D. is the teacher satisfied
解析：by no means意思是“决不，在任何情况下都不”，放在句首，句子要用部分倒装。故正确答案为D。 例2.──Did Linda see the traffic accident?
──No, no sooner____ than it happened.(06年天津卷)
A. had she gong B. she had gone
C. has she gone D. she has gone
解析：no sooner……than意为“一……就……”，no sooner所在的主句常用过去完成时，that引导的从句用一般过去时，no表示否定意义。故正确答案为A。
注意：not only…but(also)…连接两个并列分句且包含否定意义的not only放于句首时， not only后的分句要进行部分倒装, but (also)后的分句不进行倒装。
例3. Not only____ interested in football but ____ beginning to show an interest in it. (02年上海卷)
A. the teacher himself is; all his students are
B. the teacher himself is; are all his students
C. is the teacher himself; are all his students
D. is the teacher himself; all his students are
解析：not only位于句首，其后句子用部分倒装的形式，而but also后的句子语序不倒装。故正确答案为D。 考点二. Only+状语/状语从句置于句首时,主句要进行部分倒装。
例4. Only then____ how much damage had been caused? (06年陕西卷)
A. she realized B. she had realized
C. had she realized D. did she realize
解析：only位于句首修饰状语then，全句要进行部分倒装， 由then又知道此时时态应用一般过去时态。故正确答案为D。
考点三. 作状语的介词短语放于句首时引起的句子要全部倒装。有时为了强调将作状语的介词短语放在句首，而将主语放到句末；或者当句子中主语较长时，为了使句子平衡，常以作状语的介词短语开头。
例5. At the foot of the mountain____.(06年四川卷)
A. a village lie B. lies a village
C. does a village lie D. lying a village
解析：介词短语at the foot of the mountain位于句首，句子用全部倒装，其时态应为一般现在时态。故正确答案为B。
例6. Just in front of our house____ with a history of 1,000 years. (06年上海卷)
A. does a tall tree stand B. stands a tall tree
C. a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree stands
解析：介词短语位于句首，句子用全部倒装结构。故正确答案为B。
考点四. so/such…that…结构中的so, such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时, 主句要进行部分倒装。
例7. So difficult____ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. (06年广东卷)
A. I did find B. did I find
C. I have found D. have I found【初中生英语的好的倒装句，宾语从句等】
解析: so位于句首且so修饰difficult, 主句部分进行部分倒装，整句为一般过去时态。故正确答案为B。 考点五. so／neither／nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时用倒装结构 “so／neither／nor＋助动词／系动词／情态动词＋主语”（so表示肯定意义，neither／nor表示否定意义）的形式。
例8. ──It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?
──Yes. ____ yesterday. (06年福建卷)
A. So was it B. So it was
C. So it is D. So is it
解析: so在这里表示昨天的天气情况也跟今天的一样。故正确答案为A。
例9. —I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible.
— ____. (04年全国卷Ⅲ)
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I
C. Same with me D. So do I
解析: 前句表示否定, 则后句也应表示否定, 根据上一句的情态动词,第二句中也应该用情态动词would。故正确答案为B。
但是，如果so表示强调， 即强调前面所说的情况的真实性时，其结构则是“so＋主语＋助动词／系动词／情态动词”的形式，这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。如：
例10. ──Well，I do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast. (05年辽宁卷)
──_____.
A. So it is B. So is it
C. So does it D. So it does
解析：肯定前一句话中的宾语从句 “the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal”, so引导的句子不进行倒装，而且so引导的句子中谓语动词要与该宾语从句中的谓语动词相一致。故正确答案为A。
考点六. As/though 引导的让步状语从句要用倒装结构。即as / though引导的让步从句中必须将表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前），构成“形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词+as/though+主语+谓语的其它部分”的形式。
例11.______, he talks a lot about his favorites singers after class.(05年重庆卷)
A. A quiet student as he may be
B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may be
D. Quiet as he may be a student
解析：整个表语部分quiet student提在as之前
并且名词student前的冠词a要省略。故正确答案为B。
例12. ______, I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.(01年上海卷)
A. As long as I have traveled
B. Now that I have traveled so much
C. Much as I have traveled
D. As I have traveled so much
解析：本题中从句与主句之间存在明显的让步关
系，故需要选择由as引导的让步状语从句，并且要将副词much提前进行倒装。故正确答案为C。
使用as/though进行倒装时需要注意的是：
①句首有名词时，名词不能带任何冠词。
②句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如:
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。
考点七. 非真实条件句中的倒装。即在非真实条件句中含有were, had, should等助动词时，可以将if省略，把助动词放在非真实条件句的句首的倒装形式。
例13._______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.(06年湖北卷)
A. Would you be
C. Could you be B. Should you be D. Might you be
解析：该句中条件句为非真实条件句，省略if且表示与将来事实相反。故正确答案为B。
例14. ______ for the free ticket, I would not have gone to see the film.(95年上海卷)
A. If it is not B. Were it not
C. Had it not been D. If they were not
解析：该条件句中省略if, 且表达与过去事实相反。故正确答案为C。
由高考考点的稳定性可知，只要我们掌握了倒装句这六种重要的考查形式，熟悉其解题规律，就能够在复习时极大的提高复习效率。
虚拟条件句的三种基本类型：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。
条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生：
If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(陈述语气)
If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气)
▲ 与现在事实相反
若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”：
If I knew her number ，I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道)
▲与过去事实相反
若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”：
If I’d left sooner，I’d have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)
▲与将来事实相反
若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”：
If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做)
注：几点特别说明
①主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后。would, might, could的大致区别是：would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：
If you tried again ，you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would表结果) If you tried again， you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might表可能) If you tried again ，you could succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力) ④对于与将来事实相反的情形，请注意以下几点：一是这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来情况的推测；二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小，常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设)；三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外，也可用直陈语气或祈使语气：
If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨，就不要等我了。（祈使语气） If I should see him, I’ll tell him. 万一我见到他，我就告诉他。（直陈语气）
2、错综时间虚拟条件句
所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：
If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就
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You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。
3、两个常考虚拟语气句型
▲ 句型介绍
这两个句型是If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…，这是两个很常用的虚拟语气句型，也经常受到命题人的青睐，其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是有”。如：
If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。
If it hadn’t been for your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded.
=But for your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded.
=Without your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded.
5、wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气
▲ 用法说明
动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词原形。如：
注：特别注意
从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关，而与wish的时态无关，比较：
I wish I were rich. 要是我现在有钱就好了。
I wish I had been rich. 要是那时我有钱就好了。
I wished I were rich. 当时我后悔自己没有钱。【初中生英语的好的倒装句，宾语从句等】
I wished I had been rich. 当时我后悔自己曾经没有钱。
6、if only后的句子用虚拟语气
if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同：
If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。
If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。
If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!
注：if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。
7、as if (though) 从句用虚拟语气
▲ 基本用法
以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气，若表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，用would (might, could)+动词原形：
He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的。
They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。
He talks as if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。
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(1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：
It looks as if we’ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。
(2) 注意 It isn’t as if…的翻译：
It isn’t as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。
8、It’s time后的从句用虚拟语气
▲ 基本用法
从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来，有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)，其意为“(早)该干某事了”：
It’s time we went [were going, should go]. 我们该走了。
It’s time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了。(不用were)
9、would rather后句子用虚拟语气
在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示”宁愿做什么”，具体用法为：
▲ 一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望
I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
▲ 用过去完成时表过去的愿望
I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。
10、宾语从句用虚拟语气的10种类型
▲ I wish后的宾语从句
动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词原形。如：
I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用处。
We wish he didn’t smoke. 我们希望他不吸烟。
I wish prices would come down. 我希望物价能降下来。
▲ 表示“坚持”后的宾语从句
主要是指insist的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。
注：动词insist后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别是：若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。比较：
He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。
He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。
▲ 表示“命令”后的宾语从句
主要是指order, command的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should
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在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。
▲ 表示“建议”后的宾语从句
主要是指advise, suggest, propose, recommend等的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。
注：与动词insist相似，动词suggest后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别也是：若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气，此时suggest通常译为“建议”；若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实，则要用陈述语气，此时的suggest通常译为“表明”、“认为”。比较并体会：
He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。
I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣。 ▲ 表示“要求”后的宾语从句
主要是指ask, demand, require, request等后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
I ask that he leave. 我要求他走开。
He requires that I (should) appear. 他要求我出场。
▲ 表示“提议”“投票”后的宾语从句
主要是指move, vote等后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
I move that we accept the proposal. 我提议通过这项提案。
▲ 表示“敦促”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词urge后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
He urged that they go to Europe. 他敦促他们到欧洲去。
▲ 表示“安排”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词arrange后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
He arranged that I should go abroad. 他安排我去国外。
▲ 表示“希望”“打算”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词desire, intend后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
She desires that he do it. 她希望他做此事。
▲ 表示“指示”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词direct后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏。
11、主语从句中的虚拟语气
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在It is necessary，important，strange，natural， advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc. ；it is a pity；It is
requested/suggested/desired/proposed等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：
▲ It’s important…类
这一类型主要包括It is (was) important (necessary, desirable, imperative, advisable)that. . .句型。如：
It is impossible that he should go home. 他不可能会回家去。
▲ It’s a pity…类
It is a pity that she should fare so badly. 她竟吃得这么差，真可怜。
▲ It’s desired…类
这种主语从句还常用在It is (was) desired (suggested, settled, proposed, requested, decided, etc. ) that...句型。如：
It is requested that a vote be taken. 建议付诸表决。
12、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation ，suggestion， idea，plan，order等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：
Our suggestion is that you（ should）be the first to go．我们的建议是你应该第一个去。
13、在 lest ，for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气
在 lest ，for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)从句中用should＋动词原形, should 可以省略. She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates. 她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。
为方便记忆，表格对比
使用虚拟语气的主要句型谓语动词的虚拟形式例句
表现在的虚拟条件句从句：用动词过去（be 多用were ） 1. If I were you, I should study English.
2. I would certainly go if I had time.
主句：would/should/could/might+动词原形
表过去的虚拟条件句从句：had + PP 1. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the test.
2. If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.
主句：would/should/could/might +have + PP
表将来的虚拟条件句从句：①用动词过去②should +V原③（were +to do ） 1. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
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