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考研英语2 模拟翻译篇一：2017考研英语二翻译模拟题及答案(1)
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2017考研英语二翻译模拟题及答案
（1）
考研冲刺复习阶段，大家还是要多做题多练习，进行自我测试和查漏补缺，下面是凯程网考研频道唐静老师给英语二同学出的翻译模拟题，配有译文，大家检验检验自己什么水平。
2017考研英语二翻译模拟题及答案（1）
Ted Ning worked as a salesman in that insurance company for a year because he simply didn’t know what else to do, but felt his happiness and health suffer as a result. He eventually quit and stumbled upon a new company in a help-wanted advertisement for a data analyst.“I didn’t know what the company was,” he says, “but I want to have a try”. It turned out to be a better job than he could have ever imagined.
In contrast with his disastrous attempt into the insurance business, Ning’s new job felt like coming home. From his ground-level job, Ning moved quickly up the ranks in the new company, becoming its executive director in 2006. Today, the company is booming, the organization is expandingand the market is evolving. Ning has more than grown into the position hestumbled on in the want ads. “I don’t consider this a job. It is really more ofa calling."
参考译文
(为了方便大家比较自己正误，我逐句对照调整了，这个译文基本来源于一个学生的作业，我有适当修改)：
Ted Ning worked as a salesman in thatinsurance company for a year because he simply didn’t know what else to do, butfelt his happiness and health suffer as a result. 泰德宁在那个保险公司做了一年销售，因为他根本不知道有哪些其他事情可做，但是他觉得自己的健康和快乐却为此付出了代价。
He eventually quit and stumbled upon a newcompany in a help-wanted advertisement for a data analyst. 他最终放弃了那份工作，偶然碰到一个新公司在招聘广告上招数据分析员。 “Ididn’t know what the company was,” he says, “but I want to have a try”. “我都不知道那是个啥公司，”他说，“但是，我想试试”。
It turned out to be a better job than hecould have ever imagined. 结果表明这份工作远比他想象的要好很多。
In contrast with his disastrous attemptinto the insurance business, Ning’s new job felt like coming home. 与他试图进入保险业的悲剧结果不同，宁对新工作感觉如鱼得水。
From his ground-level job, Ning movedquickly up the ranks in the new company, becoming its executive director in2006. 他从最底层工作干起，宁在新公司升迁迅速，在2006年成为了执行经理。
Today, the company is booming, theorganization is expanding and the market is evolving. 现在，公司发展迅猛，组织逐渐壮大，市场发展兴旺。
Ning has more than grown into the positionhe stumbled on in the want ads. 宁自己的发展，也不只是得到了他在招聘广告上偶然碰到的那个职位。
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考研英语2 模拟翻译篇二：2016考研英语二翻译复习指导
2016考研英语二翻译复习指导
2015考研英语二翻译，经过命题人改编，总字数为156个词，有8句话，难度与2014年翻译难度相当。作为英语二试卷中性价比较高的翻译题型，是需要各位考生有所重视的。
2010年开始，全国硕士研究生入学考试的英语试卷分为英语(一)和英语(二)。英语(一)即原统考“英语”。英语(二)主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。相比之下，英语二比英语一的难度较低一些。其中，题型和分值有所变化的主要集中在翻译和考研写作上。太奇考研在这里讨论考研翻译在英语一和英语二中的区别和复习方法。
一、英语一翻译与英语二翻译的不同点
1 形式
英语一翻译是在400字左右的文章中，翻译5个划线句子，每句30字左右，进行片段长难句的翻译，分值为10分。英语二则是对于150字的文章进行整文翻译，分值为15分。
2 难度
从形式来看，英语二的分值虽然偏高，但是由于是整文翻译，必然有很多内容不是长难句，所以难度难度略低。从近五年的考查情况来看，复杂的语法现象出现的频率相对来说不是很高，考生需要把握中英文差异，将其用合适恰当的方法表达出来。多数考生，只要单词关能过去，基本上翻译还是能得一个不错的分数的。
二、备考思路与备考重点
1 练习题目
考研英语二可供参考的题很少，所以前期复习时，建议考生以英语一的真题为主，将近10年英语一的真题反复练习巩固，将英语一的考点及译法融会贯通。考前一个月，重点研究五套真题以及大纲样题，也可以再对比英语二的真题，练习一些段落翻译的模拟题，英语二翻译就能够拿到不错的分数。
2 备考重点
单词方面，词汇不过关肯定会对翻译有很大影响。另外翻译当中还会考到一词多意，考生应该注意培养自己在语境中灵活把握单词的能力。
句法和表达方面，长难句在考研英语二翻译中的难度相对于英语一来说略低，但是不代表没有。考研英语二的每个句子里，出现从句、插入语，分词结构仍然是常见的。所以要借助英语一的翻译真题，掌握重要句法考点的理解和表达方法，比如定语、从句、被动语态、插入语等考点。
3 难度预测
经历五年的考查，考研英语二翻译的难度浮动趋于稳定。一般的考试改革，第三年开始是稳定期。通常第一年最简单，第二年偏难，第三年后适中，并于此后趋于稳定。考研英语二翻译的难度基本持平，没有大范围的难度浮动，因此，考生可参考这五年真题的难度，基本上就是2015年考研英语二翻译的难度。当然，也要做好难度稍微上升的准备。
总之，英语二翻译分值相对偏高，难度偏低，在英语二里面可以算是一个性价比相对高的题型，2016年的考生一定不能忽视这15分的准备
考研英语2 模拟翻译篇三：2016考研英语翻译模拟练习2
考研英语翻译部分在试题中分值占10%，但是这10%却为考研英语成就了一批高分牛人，所以大家千万要重视起来，中公考研为大家搜集了具有社会热度等方面的相关句子，以此拓展大家的视野。一起来学习吧!
本期主题【中国古代文学】
同学们试着翻译下这句吧!
China is the only country in the world with aliterature written in one language for more than3,000 years. This results largely from the nature ofthe written language itself. China has a very old andrich tradition in literature，drama and visualarts.Early writings generally originated fromphilosophical or religious essays such as the works of Confucius and LaoTzu.In addition tophilosophical,religious and historical writings，China also produced poetry, novels, anddramas from an early date.Poetry became well established as a literary form during the TangDynasty. Drama is another old and important literary form.Chinese drama usually integrateslocal language with music and song and thus has been popular with the common people. 参考翻译
国是唯一一个3000多年都用一种语言进行文学创作的国家，这主要是由书面语言本身的性质决定的。中国有非常古老、丰富的文学、戏剧和视觉艺术传统。早期的著作一般源自哲学或宗教文章，如孔子和老子(LaoTzu)的作品。除了哲学、宗教和历史作品外,中国很早就有诗歌、小说和戏剧。唐朝时期，诗歌作为文学形式的地位得以确立。戏剧是另一种古老且重要的文学形式。中国的戏剧通常结合了地方语言、音乐和歌曲，因此深受老百姓欢迎。
1.用一种语言进行文学创作:可译为a literature written inone language。其中written in one language作后置定语修饰literature。
2.由„引起:可译为result from。而result in意为“结果是，导致”。
3.文学，戏剧和视觉艺术:可译为literature，drama andvisual arts。
4.源自:可译为originate from，也可用spring from来表达。
考研英语2 模拟翻译篇四：2014考研英语之翻译模拟题(二)
2014考研英语之翻译模拟题（二）
二、科学与技术
The meanings of “science”and “technology”have changed significantly from one generation to another. More similarities than differences, however, can be found between the terms, (46)Both science and technology imply a thinking process, both are concerned with causal relationships in the material world, and both employ an experimental methodology that results in empirical demonstrations that can be verified by repetition. (47)Science, at least in theory, is less concerned with the practicality of its results and more concerned with the development of general laws, but in practice science and technology are inextricably involved with each other. The varying interplay of the two can be observed in the historical development of such practitioners as chemists, engineers, physicists, astronomers, carpenters, potters, and many other specialists. Differing educational requirements, social status, vocabulary, methodology, and types of rewards, as well as institutional objectives and professional goals, contribute to such distinctions as can be made between the activities of scientists and technologists; but throughout history the practitioners of “pure”science have made many practical as well as theoretical contributions.
(48) Indeed, the concept that science provides the ideas for technological innovations and that pure research is therefore essential for any significant advancement in industrial civilization is essentially a myth. Most of the greatest changes in industrial civilization cannot be traced to the laboratory. Fundamental tools and processes in the fields of mechanics, chemistry, astronomy, metallurgy, and hydraulics were developed before the laws governing their functions were discovered. The steam engine, for example, was commonplace before the science of thermodynamics elucidated the physical principle underlying its operations. In recent years a sharp value distinction has their bitter opponents, but today many people have come to fear technology much more than science. (49) For these people , science may be perceived as a serene, objective source for understanding the eternal laws of nature, whereas the practical manifestations of technology in the modern world now seem to them to be out of control.
(50) Many historians of science argue not only that technology is an essential condition of advanced, industrial civilization but also that the rate of technological change has developed its own momentum in recent centuries. Innovations now seem to appear at a rate that increase geometrically, without respect to geographical limits or political systems. These innovations tend to transform traditional cultural systems, frequently with unexpected social consequences. Thus technology can be conceived as both a creative and a destructive process. 答案
46.科学与技术都包含有一种思维的过程，两者都涉及到物质世界的因果关系，两者都
运用了一套实验的方法论，这种方法论所产生的是能够通过重复得以验证的经验性的实证结果。
47.至少在理论上，科学较少地关心其研究成果的实用性，而更多地关注于归纳出普遍的法则;但是在实践中，科学与技术却相互关联，无法割裂。
48.人们认为科学为技术创新提供理念，因此，对于工业文明中的任何一次意义重大的进步，纯理论的研究是必不可少的，当然，这种观念其实是个神话。
49.对于这些人来说，科学或许被看成是一种平静的、客观的理解自然永恒法则的出发点，而如今在他们看来，现代世界里技术的实际运用似乎已失去控制。
50.许多科学史家认为，技术不仅是先进的工业文明必不可少的条件，而且在最近的几个世纪里，技术变革的速度已形成了自身的势头。
总体分析
本文介绍了科学和技术之间的关系以及对人类的影响。
第一段：科学和技术之间的相似性要大于差异性，它们之间的相互影响反映在各个行业的发展中。
第二段：技术的发展不依赖科学的发展，两者之间的价值分歧越来越尖锐。而且，现在很多人对技术的恐惧甚于对科学的担心。
第三段：技术的发展既有创造性也有毁灭性。
试题精解
46.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是：嵌套式定语从句、抽象名词。
本句是由and连接的三个并列句，都以both开头。第三个分句的主干是：both employ an experimental methodology，宾语methodology后接有一个that引导的定语从句做定语，该定语从句中又嵌套了一个that引导的定语从句 (demonstrations)can be verified by repetition。由于有嵌套式定语从句，因此需要采用拆译法，从第一个that开始单独成句。 词汇方面：imply意为“暗示，意味;必然包含”;be concerned with意为“与„„有关，涉及;关注，感兴趣”;empirical意为“以实验(或经验)为根据的，经验主义的”;demonstration意为 “证明，论证，说明，证实”，由于它是抽象名词，可按照汉语习惯，采用加译法，译成“论证的结果”。verify意为“检验，查证，核实”。
47.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是：比较结构。
本句是由but连接的并列句。前一分句中含有比较结构：is less concerned with „and more concerned with „，可译为“较少地关心„„而更多地关注于”。主谓之间的插入语at least in theory做状语翻译时可提前。
词汇方面：practicality意为“实用性”;inextricably意为“逃不掉地，解决不了地，解不开地”;be involved with sb./sth.意为“与„„关系密切”。
48.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是：同位语从句、增译法。
句子的主干是the concept „ is a myth。主语后接有由that引导的两个并列的同位语从句。由于主语后修饰成分较长，因此采用拆译法单独成句。并且先译从句，后译主句，用复指代词“这种观念”来连接主句和从句的内容。第二个同位语从句中therefore说明的是两个从句间的因果关系，翻译时要提前到第二个从句前。
词汇方面：pure research直译为“纯研究”，不是汉语习惯表达，应采用增译法，译为“纯理论的研究”。myth可意为“神话，杜撰出来的人或物，(没有事实根据的)虚构信念
(或观点、理论)”，根据上下文选择其“没有事实根据的观点”的含义。
49.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是：后置定语、状语。
该句子是由whereas(然而，但是)连接的并列句。前一分句的主干是science may be perceived as a „ source，后面接for understanding „介词结构做后置定语，翻译时应提前。后一分句的主干是manifestations now seem to be out of control，其中做时间和地点状语的介词短语in the modern world和now可提前翻译。
词汇方面：perceive sth. as sth.意为“视为，认为，理解为”;source意为“来源，根源，源头”，根据上下文译为“出发点”;manifestation意为“显示，表明，表示”，根据上下文译为“(技术的)运用”。
50.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是：宾语从句。
主句是Many historians of science argue，后面not only „ but also连接了两个并列的宾语从句。
词汇方面：momentum意为“推动力，势头”。
全文翻译
“科学”和“技术”的含义一代一代发生了深刻的变化。然而，这两个术语之间的相似之处要多于其不同之处。科学与技术都包含有一种思维的过程，两者都涉及物质世界的因果关系，两者都运用一套实验的方法论，这种方法论所产生的是能够通过重复得以验证的经验性的实证结果。至少在理论上，科学较少地关心其研究成果的实用性，而更多地关注于归纳出普遍的法则;但是在实践中，科学与技术却相互关联，无法割裂。两者之间不同程度的相互影响可见于各种行业的历史发展过程，诸如：化学、工程、物理、天文、土木、制陶以及其它行业。科学家和技术人员的研究活动的差异与下列因素有关：不同的教育要求、社会地位、术语、方法论、奖励方式、以及机构目标职业目标，但纵观历史，许多“纯”科学家既有理论建树也有实用创新。
人们认为科学为技术创新提供理念，因此，对于工业文明中的任何一次意义重大的进步，纯理论的研究是必不可少的，当然，这种观念其实是没有事实根据的。大多数工业文明的伟大改变都与实验室研究无关，机械、化工、天文、冶金、水利领域的基本工具及流程早在决定它们功能的法则被发现之前就已存在。例如，早在热动力学解释了蒸汽机操作的物理原理之前，蒸汽机已广泛存在。
最近几年，科学和技术之间的价值分歧越来越尖锐。科学进步经常遭到激烈的反对，然而，现在有很多人对技术的恐惧甚于对科学的担心。对于这些人来说，科学或许被看成是一种平静的、客观的理解自然永恒法则的出发点，而如今在他们看来，现代世界里技术的实际运用似乎已失去控制。
许多科学史家认为，技术不仅是先进的工业文明必不可少的条件，而且在最近的几个世纪里，技术变革的速度已形成了自身的势头。现在技术创新的速度似乎以几何级别在增长，远远超出了地理和政治的限定。这些技术创新往往会改变传统的文化体制，并常常带来难以预料的社会后果。所以，技术应被看作是既有进步性也有毁灭性的过程。
（来源：跨考考研）
考研英语2 模拟翻译篇五：考研英语 翻译模拟练习题2
There is no question that science-fiction writers have become more ambitious,
stylistically and thematically, in recent years. (1) (But this may have less to do with the luring call of academic surroundings than with changing market conditions—a factor that academic critics rarely take into account.) Robert Silverberg, a former president of The Science Fiction Writers of America, is one of the most prolific professionals in a field dominated by people who actually write for a living. (Unlike mystery or Western writers, most science-fiction writers cannot expect to cash in on fat movie sales or TV tie-ins.)
(2) (Still in his late thirties, Silverberg has published more than a hundred books, and he is disarmingly frank about the relationship between the quality of genuine prose and the quality of available outlet. )By his own account, he was “an annoyingly verbal young man” from Brooklyn who picked up his first science-fiction book at the age of ten, started writing seriously at the age of thirteen, and at seventeen nearly gave up in despair over his inability to break into the pulp magazines. (3)( At his parents’ urging, he enrolled in Columbia University, so that, if worst came to worst, he could always go to the School of Journalism and “get a nice steady job somewhere”.) During his sophomore year, he sold his first science-fiction story to a Scottish magazine named Nebula. By the end of his junior year, he had sold a novel and twenty more stories. (4) (By the end of his senior year, he was earning two hundred dollars a week writing science fiction, and his parents were reconciled to his pursuit of the literary life. )“I became very cynical very quickly,” he says. First I couldn’t sell anything, then I could sell everything. The market played to my worst characteristics. An editor of a schlock magazine would call up to tell me he had a ten-thousand-word hole to fill in his next issue. I’d fill it overnight for a hundred and fifty dollars. I found that rewriting made no difference. (5)( I knew I could not possibly write the kinds of things I admired as a reader—Joyce, Kafka, Mann—so I detached myself from my work.) I was a phenomenon among my friends in college, a published, selling author. But they always asked, “When are you going to do something serious?” —meaning something that wasn’t science fiction—and I kept telling them, “ When I’m financially secure.”
答案
1.但是这一点与其说是与学术环境具有诱惑力的召唤有关，还不如说是与变化的市场状况有关——一这是一个学术评论家很少考虑的因素。
2.还不到四十岁，西尔弗伯格就已出版了一百多本书籍，而他对真正散文的质量与应时之作的质量之间的关系十分坦诚，毫无掩饰。
3.在他双亲的敦促下，他报考了哥伦比亚大学，所以即便最糟他也能进入新闻学校，“将来总可以有一份稳定的好工作。”
4.到大四结束的时候，他每星期写科幻小说已经可以赚两百美元了，而他的双亲也接受了他对于文学生涯的追求。
5.我知道我写不出作为读者的我所喜欢的东西，就像乔伊斯、卡夫卡、曼恩的作品，所以我不再那么关注我所写的东西。
总体分析
本文介绍了科幻小说家罗伯特·西尔弗伯格。文章先指出科幻小说的繁荣与市场需求关系紧密，接着通过介绍多产的科幻小说家西尔弗伯格的创作经历予以说明。
本文考查的知识点：后置定语、插入语、比较结构、同位语、上下文中词义的选择，等。 试题精解
1.[精解] 本题考核知识点：比较结构、同位语的翻译。
该句的主干是this may have less to do with... than with...，其中含有一个比较结构less... than...，可译为“与其说„不如说„”。破折号后是名词短语a factor that... 做整个主句的同位语，其中that引导的定语从句做后置定语。由于是同位语，可单独译为一个句子，补译“这”为它的主语。
词汇：luring是lure的现在分词形式，可译为“具有诱惑力的”;factor意为“因素”;take into account意为“考虑”。
2.[精解] 本题考核知识点：词义的选择。
该句是and连接的两个并列分句，其主干是Silverberg has published... , and he is frank about...。
词汇：in one’s thirties意为“在(某人)三十几岁时”，由于本句中有late修饰，如果直译为“三十几岁晚期”不符合汉语表达习惯，应意译为“不到四十岁”。disarmingly意为“使人消除敌意(或怀疑、怒气等)的”，与frank一起应译为“十分坦诚、直言不讳”。genuine意为“真正的;坦率的，真诚的”。available意为“可获得的，可找到的”，outlet意为“(思想、感情、精力发泄的)出路，表现机会”，available outlet不能直译，而应根据上文对应的genuine prose(真正的散文)意译为“应时之作”。
3.[精解] 本题考核知识点：顺译法。
该句是主从复合句，其主干是he enrolled... so that... he could go to...，翻译时可采用顺译的方法，保持原来句子的顺序。句首介词短语At his parents’ urging作状语。so that引导结果状语从句，其中插入语if worst came to worst做条件状语，应意译为“在最糟糕的情况下”。 词汇：urging为urge的动名词形式，译为“敦促”;
4.[精解] 本题考核知识点：顺译法和分词的翻译。
该句是and连接的并列句，其主干是he was earning... and his parents were...，可采用顺译的方法翻译。前一分句中，分词结构writing science fiction作方式状语，翻译时应置于谓语前面，译为“(通过)写科幻小说”。
词汇：be reconciled to意为“将就，妥协，接受”。
5.[精解] 本题考核知识点：插入语、后置定语的翻译
该句是个主从复合句，其主干是I knew... so I detached...。主从句之间是插入语，列举了几个作家的名字，根据上下文，这些名字实际上指代的是作家的作品，应补译为“乔伊斯、卡夫卡、曼恩的作品”。I knew后是省略了关系代词的宾语从句I could not write...，其中宾语the kind of things后又接有一个定语从句I admired as...，由于定语不长，可直接译为汉语的前置定语。 词汇：detach oneself from sth.意为“挣脱，摆脱，离开”，文中应意译为“不关注我写的东西”。
考研英语2 模拟翻译篇六：考研英语英译汉高分攻略(英语二)
主讲：王国清副教授
简介：资深考研英语命题研究专家，考研、四、六级辅导专家，英语翻译硕士，国际经济学博士，考研及四、六级阅卷组核心成员，全国二十多个省市特邀全程考研主讲名师，ＭＢＡ、ＭＰＡ教育中心首席主讲，并从事雅思、托福等多种培训权威指导，２００８年北京奥运会赛后新闻发布会同声传译，多次应邀做客新浪、搜狐、腾讯、网易、中国教育在线等专访节目。
编著的图书有《考研英语语法重难点精解》、《考研红宝书英语写作———（图画＋话题）１８０篇》、《考研英语最后五套题》、《考研英语专项高分密码———英语知识运用·新题型·英译汉》、《考研英语点石成金》、《大学英语
四、六级写作宝典》、《大学英语四、六级阅读方法概要》、《大学英语四、六级经典语法指南》等３０多部，堪称英语界“语法权威”、“金牌同传”。
Ｅｍａｉｌ：ｃｙｚｗ０２２５＠１２６．ｃｏｍ
Ｂｌｏｇ：ｂｌｏｇ．ｓｉｎａ．ｃｏｍ．ｃｎ／ｃｙｚｗ０２２５
考研英语英译汉高分攻略
考研英语（二）英译汉
第一节 命题规律
研究生考试英语（二）中的英译汉是要求考生阅读、理解长度为１５０词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。翻译的要求是译文准确、完整、通顺，需要考生准确理解所给的英语语言材料，在此基础上用通顺的汉语表达出来。从词汇和句法的要求上看，词汇要根据上下文的段落内容确定词性和词义，主观臆断容易造成幼稚的理解；而复杂长难句仍然是考生面对的最大障碍，考生需要具备较强的从句句法知识，迅速拆分长句，确定主谓宾，再将定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句、平行结构、倒装结构、分词、代词指代、被动语态、特殊句型、词组一一击破。汉语表达的流畅性、准确性和灵活性也是得分的关键。
第二节 应试技巧
英译汉的基本翻译方法包括理解、表达和校核三个阶段：
（一）理解
这一阶段的目的主要是读懂英语原文，弄清原文的意思。它包括以下几点：
１）通读全文
目的在于从整体把握整篇文章的内容，理解句间或段落间的语法与逻辑关系。特别要理解代词ｉｔ，ｔｈｅｙ，ｔｈｅｍ，ｔｈｉｓ，ｔｈａｔ，ｔｈｅｓｅ，ｔｈｏｓｅ和ｏｔｈｅｒ等所指代的词或词组。
２）分析长难句部分的句子结构
从所翻译的试题来看，长难句是必不可少的一个部分，如果不搞清楚这些句子的语法结构就很难达到正确完整地理解原文的要求。在分析长难句部分的句子结构时，要首先注意把句子的主、谓、宾找出来，明确句子的骨干结构；同时要注意分析句子成分是否有省略的地方，主句和从句之间的关系是否明确等等。
３）理解长难句部分的含义
不仅要弄清句子中所有实词和虚词的词汇意义，还要理解全句的整体意思及该句子所处的具体语言环境。在此阶段应弄清楚下列问题：
（１）句子中是否有代词和其他具有指代意义的词，如果有，应根据上下文及前后句确定它们指代的内容。
（２）句子中的短语和一些常用的词具有多种含义和用法的，应结合它的“左邻右舍”，确定具体
—１—
考试点（ｗｗｗ．ｋａｏｓｈｉｄｉａｎ．ｃｏｍ）名师精品课程
含义。
（３）该部分的意义是否与全篇文章的内容一致，是否相互矛盾。
（二）表达
就是译者把自己从英语原文理解的内容用汉语表达出来，表达的好坏取决于译者对英语原文的理解程度以及汉语的修养。在表达上有许多具体的方法和技巧，一般分为直译和意译。
１）直译。就是在译文语言条件许可时，在译文中既保持原文的内容，又保持原文的形式。但也不能生搬硬套地硬译，如果这样来译一篇文章，结果可想而知了。
（１）Ｔｈｅｓｔｒｅｅｔｓａｒｏｕｎｄｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅｓｔｏｒｅｙｒｅｄｂｒｉｃｋｓｌａｗｃｏｕｒｔｓｐｒｏｕｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｒｉｃｋｅｔｙｓｔａｎｄｓｓｅｌｌｉｎｇｈｏｔｄｏｇｓ，ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｕｓｂｏｏｋｓａｎｄｗａｔｅｒｍｅｌｏｎｓ．
类似ｈｏｔｄｏｇｓ的译法还有：
ｈｏｔｌｉｎｆｅｒｅｎｃ译文（２）ＮｏｗＤａｒｒｏｗｓｐｒａｎｇｈｉｓｔｒｕｍｐｃａｒｄｂｙｃａｌｌｉｎｇＢｒｙａｎａｓａｗｉｔｎｅｓｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｄｅｆｅｎｓｅ．译文２）意译。就是不拘泥于原文的形式以及格式，重点在于正确表达原文的意思。当然，意译并不等于我们可以乱译，还是要忠于原文材料。
（１）Ｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｙｆｉｎｄｗｈｏｋｉｌｌｅｄｔｈａｔｋｉｄａｎｄｉｔｓｍｏｔｈｅｒ，ｔｈｅｙ’ｌｌｔｈｒｏｗｔｈｅｂｏｏｋ，ａｎｄｎｅｖｅｒｍｉｎｄｗｈｏｈｉｔｓｉｔ．译文（２）ＬａｓｔｎｉｇｈｔＩｈｅａｒｄｈｉｍｄｒｉｖｉｎｇｈｉｓｐｉｇｓｔｏｍａｒｋｅｔ．译文注意：在考试中一般提倡直译法，但我们可以在考试中把直译和意译结合起来；直译为主，意译为辅，就是先把句子直译，再把直译出来的句子中的某些比较生硬的词加以意译，达到符合汉语语言习惯，变成比较通顺圆滑的句子。
（三）校核
校核也是翻译过程中一个重要的过程，即在英译汉的过程中，考生从英语到汉语、从汉语到英语反复推敲的过程，以使译文达到“忠实”、“通顺”的要求。校核过程中我们应注意以下几点：
１）校核修改翻译过程中译错或表达不够准确的词组、词汇和句子。
２）校核汉语译文中的词和句有无错漏。
３）校核原文中的时间、日期、人物名称、地点，以及有关数字等是否和译文相符合。
４）校核标点符号的正确性。
—２—；ｏｓｔｒｉｃｈｐｏｌｉｃ；ｂａｐｔｉｓｍｏｆｗａｃｈａｉｎｓｔｏｒｅｒｏｕｎｄｔａｂｌｅｃｏｎ
考研英语英译汉高分攻略
第三节 翻译技巧
翻译过程中包括两个阶段：正确理解和充分表达。理解是表达的前提，而表达是理解的目的和结果，二者缺一不可，因此，考生在做英译汉部分试题时：
１）切记不可急躁，一定要先通读全文，把握全文的主旨、内容。
２）在着重理解长难句部分时，首先要在语义上弄清全句的整体意思和每个单词的意思；其次要分析清楚句子结构，理出句群，找出各分句之间的关系。
３）可考虑先打一份翻译草稿，再根据文章意义和汉语结构进行调整。
（一）词义的选择
由于英语中一词多义的现象十分普遍，且英汉词典中给出的汉语解释未必全面，未必与英文的意思完全对等，这就给我们带来两方面的问题：其一，我们需要根据该多义词在其语言环境中的词类、搭配关系甚至是单复数形式来确定其基本意思；其二，在“忠实”的原则下，如果词典上的释义显得不“通顺”，那么为了“忠实”与“通顺”的统一，我们必须立足于原意，对其加以适当的引申。
选择词义的时候，要根据词在句中的词类及上下文的搭配关系来确定。
（１）Ｎｏｗｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅａｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔｏｆｉｎｔｅｌｌｉｇｅｎｃｅｉｓａｃｏｍｐａｒａｔｉｖｅｍａｔｔｅｒｗｅｍｕｓｔｂｅｓｕｒｅｔｈａｔｔｈｅｓｃａｌｅｗｉｔｈｗｈｉｃｈｗｅａｒｅｃｏｍｐａｒｉｎｇｏｕｒｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｓｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｓａ“ｖａｌｉｄ”ｏｒ“ｆａｉｒ”ｃｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎ．译文（２）ＡｒａｂｓｒｕｂｓｈｏｕｌｄｅｒｓｗｉｔｈＪｅｗｓ，ａｎｄｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｄｏｉｎｇｓｏｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｅａｒｌｉｅｓｔｓｅｔｔｌｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｔｅｒｒｉｔｏｒｉｅｓ．译文英译汉中常用短语和句型：
（１）ｎｏｔｔｈａｔｂｕｔｔｈａｔ
Ｅｇ：Ｃｉｔｉ’ｓｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｉｓｎｏｔｔｈａｔｉｔｅｘｉｓｔｓｂｕｔｔｈａｔｉｔｄｏｅｓｎｏｔｗｏｒｋｗｅｌｌｅｎｏｕｇｈ．译文（２）ｃａｎｎｏｔｔｏｏ
Ｅｇ：Ｗｈｅｎｃｒｏｓｓｉｎｇｔｈｅｓｔｒｅｅｔ，ｙｏｕｃａｎ’ｔｂｅｔｏｏｃａｒｅｆｕｌ．译文（３）ｏｔｈｅｒｔｈａｎ
Ｅｇ：Ｓｈｅｈａｓｎｏｃｌｏｓｅｆｒｉｅｎｄｓｏｔｈｅｒｔｈａｎｈｉｍ．译文（４）Ｉｔｉｓｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄ／ａｓｓｅｒｔｅｄ／ｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｄ／ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄ／ｓａｉｄ／ｓｕｐｐｏｓｅｄｔｈａｔ
Ｅｇ：Ｉｔｉｓｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｄｔｈａｔｍｅｒｍａｉｄｓｗｅｒｅａｃｔｕａｌｌｙａｎａｎｉｍａｌｃａｌｌｅｄｔｈｅｍａｎａｔｅｅ．译文—３—
考试点（ｗｗｗ．ｋａｏｓｈｉｄｉａｎ．ｃｏｍ）名师精品课程
（５）ｎｏｔｈｉｎｇｌｅｓｓｔｈａｎ
Ｅｇ：Ｈｉｓｃａｒｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓｗａｓｎｏｔｈｉｎｇｌｅｓｓｔｈａｎｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌ．译文（６）ａｎｙｔｈｉｎｇｂｕｔ
Ｅｇ：Ｓｈｅｉｓａｎｙｔｈｉｎｇｂｕｔｂｅａｕｔｙ．译文（７）ｎｏｔｈｉｎｇｂｕｔ
Ｅｇ：Ｉｔ’ｓｎｏｔｈｉｎｇｂｕｔｈｅａｒｓａｙ．译文（８）ａｌｌｂｕｔ
Ｅｇ：Ｓｈｅａｌｌｂｕｔｆａｉｎｔｅｄｗｈｅｎｓｈｅｈｅａｒｄｔｈｅｎｅｗｓ．译文（９）ｂｕｔｆｏｒ
Ｅｇ：Ｂｕｔｆｏｒｙｏｕｒｈｅｌｐ，Ｉｗｏｕｌｄｎｏｔｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎａｄｍｉｔｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｇｒａｄｕａｔｅｓｃｈｏｏｌ．译文（１０）ｂｕｔｔｈａｔ＋从句
Ｅｇ：Ｂｕｔｔｈａｔｙｏｕｃａｍｅｔｏｈｅｌｐｍｅ，Ｉｗｏｕｌｄｎｏｔｈａｖｅｓｕｃｃｅｅｄｅｄ．译文（１１）ｏｎｌｙｔｏ＋动词
Ｅｇ：ＹｅｓｔｅｒｄａｙＩｈｕｒｒｉｅｄｔｏｇｏｔｏｓｃｈｏｏｌｏｎｌｙｔｏｆｉｎｄｉｔｗａｓｗｅｅｋｅｎｄ．译文（１２）ｎｏｔｓｏｍｕｃｈａｓ
Ｅｇ：Ｈｉｓｖｅｇｅｔａｂｌｅｇａｒｄｅｎｗａｓｎｏｔｓｏｍｕｃｈａｈｏｂｂｙａｓａｎｅｃｅｓｓｉｔｙｏｆｌｉｆｅ．译文（１３）ｎｏｔｓｏｍｕｃｈａｓ
Ｅｇ：Ｈｏｗｉｓｉｔｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｔｏｅｘｐｅｃｔｍａｎｋｉｎｄｔｏｔａｋｅａｄｖｉｃｅｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｙｗｉｌｌｎｏｔｓｏｍｕｃｈａｓｔａｋｅｗａｒｎｉｎｇ？译文（１４）ｎｏｔｎｅａｒｌｙ／ｆａｒｆｒｏｍ
Ｅｇｈｅｒｅａｒｅｎｏｔｎｅａｒｌｙｅｎｏｕｇｈｐｅｏｐｌｅｈｅｒｅｔｏｄｏｔｈｅｊｏｂ．①：Ｔ
译文Ｅｇｎｒｅａｌｉｔｙ，ｔｈｉｓｉｓｆａｒｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｔｒｕｔｈ．②：Ｉ
译文（１５）ｂｙｎｏｍｅａｎｓ（同义短语还有：ｉｎｎｏｗａｙ，ｉｎｎｏｃａｓｅ，ｉｎｎｏｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｓ，ａｔｎｏｔｉｍｅ，ｏｎｎｏａｃｃｏｕｎｔ，
—４—
考研英语2 模拟翻译篇七：教育部考试中心考研英语翻译模拟试题汇编
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2010年教育部考试中心考研英语翻译模拟试题(一)
2010年教育部考试中心考研英语模拟试题
- 翻译部分汇编
Part C Directions:
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
一、经济学史
Economics, as we know it, is the social science concerned with the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. Economists focus on the way in which individuals, groups, business enterprises, and governments seek to achieve efficiently any economic objective they select. (46) Other fields of study also contribute to this knowledge: Psychology and ethics try to explain how objectives are formed, history records changes in human objectives, and sociology interprets human behavior in social contexts. Standard economics can be divided into two major fields. (47) The first, price theory or microeconomics, explains how the interplay of supply and demand in competitive markets creates a multitude of individual prices, wage rates, profit margins, and rental changes. Microeconomics assumes that people behave rationally. Consumers try to spend their income in ways that give them as much pleasure as possible. As economists say, they maximize utility. For their part, entrepreneurs seek as much profit as they can extract from their operations.
The second field, macroeconomics, deals with modern explanations of national income and employment. Macroeconomics dates from the book, The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (1935), by the British economist John Maynard Keynes. His explanation of prosperity and depression centers on the total or aggregate demand for goods and services
by consumers, business investors, and governments, (48) Because,
according to Keynes, inadequate total demand increases unemployment, the indicated cure is either more investment by businesses or more spending and consequently larger budget deficits by government.
Economic issues have occupied people's minds throughout the ages. (49) Aristotle and Plato in ancient Greece wrote about problems of wealth, property, and trade, both of whom were prejudiced against commerce,
feeling that to live by trade was undesirable. The Romans borrowed their economic ideas from the Greeks and showed the same contempt for trade. (50) During the Middle Ages the economic ideas of the Roman Catholic church were expressed in the law of the church, which condemned the taking of interest for money loaned and regarded commerce as inferior to agriculture. Economics as a subject of modern study, distinguishable from moral philosophy and politics, dates from the work, Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), by the Scottish philosopher and economist Adam Smith. Mercantilism and physiocracy were precursors of the classical economics of Smith and his 19 th-century successors.
答案
46.其他领域的研究也有助于对此的理解：心理学和伦理学试图解释目标是如何形成的，历史记录着人们所追求的目标的变化，社会学则从社会环境的角度来解释人们的行为。 47.第一个领域，价格理论或微观经济学，解释在竞争的市场中供需间的相互作用是怎样导致了大量的个别价格、工资率、利润空间和租金的变化。
48.因为，按照凯恩斯的理论，不充分的总体需求会增加失业，建议的解决方式是企业扩大
投资或政府增加开支，继而增加预算赤字。
49.古希腊的亚里士多德和柏图都在著作中谈到财富、财产和贸易问题，两人都对商业持有偏见，认为靠生意来谋生是不足取的。
50.在中世纪，罗马天主教会的经济学思想表达在其教法中，教法谴责从借贷中获利的行为，并认为商业地位劣于农业。 总体分析
本文主要介绍了经济学的研究发展历史。
第一段：经济学的定义及研究对象。
第二、三段：经济学的两大领域：微观经济学和宏观经济学。 第四、五段：经济学研究的古代和现代理论。 试题精解
46.[精解]本题考核的知识点是：并列分句、后置定语。
该句子中冒号后是并列的三个简单句。第一个分句中how引导的从句做explain的宾语;第二个和第三个分句中都有介词in的短语做后置定语，翻译时应提前。
词汇方面：contribute to意为“是„„的原因;增进，有助于”; knowledge意为“知识;知晓，了解”，文中活译为“对„的理解”。 47.[精解]本题考核的知识点是：宾语从句、状语。
句子的主干是The first explains how„。主语后的名词短语price theory or
microeconomics是其同位语，因此翻译the first时，应增译为“第一个领域”。how引导宾语从句，其主干是the interplay „ creates „。介词短语in competitive markets做地点状语，翻译时应前置。
词汇方面：interplay意为“相互影响”; a multitude of意为“许多的，大量的”; individual意为“个别的，单独的，个人的”; margin意为“(时间、空间、金钱的)余地”，profit margin指“利润空间”。
48.[精解]本题考核的知识点是：词性转换。
该句是包含原因状语从句的复合句,句子主干是the indicated cure is„,表语由并列连词either „ or„连接。
词汇方面：indicated是过去分词用做形容词，动词indicate意为“表明，暗示，提及，
建议”，根据上下文indicated译为“建议的”。more investment, more spending和larger budget deficits是形容词比较级加名词，根据汉语习惯转换成动词加名词的搭配，即“扩大投资”、“增加开支”和“增加预算赤字”。
49.[精解]本题考核的知识点是：定语从句、分词做状语。
主句是Aristotle and „ wrote about problems „，后面接有both of whom引导的定语从句，采用拆译法单独成句。句子最后的分词结构feeling that „在定语从句中做状语，翻译时也应单独成句，that后引导的是宾语从句，做feeling的宾语。
词汇方面：be prejudiced against意为“对„有偏见”，undesirable意为“不想要的，不得人心的”。
50.[精解]本题考核的知识点是：非谓语动词作后置定语、定语从句。
该句含有which引导的非限定性从句做定语，翻译时拆开单独成句，并重复先行词，做从句的主语。
词汇方面：condemn意为“谴责”，taking of interest是动名词结构，可增译为“获利的行为”。 全文翻译
正如大家所知道的，经济学是与生产、分配、交换和消费物品和服务相关的社会科学。经济学家关注个人、群体、商业企业和政府试图有效地实现他们选定的任何经济目标的方式。其他领域的研究也有助于对此的理解：心理学和伦理学试图解释目标是如何形成的，历史学记录着人们所追求的目标的变化，社会学则从社会环境的角度来解释人们的行为。
规范的经济学可分为两大主要的领域。第一个领域，价格理论或微观经济学，解释在竞争的市场中供需间的相互作用是怎样导致了大量的个别价格、工资率、利润空间和租金的变化。微观经济学认为人的行为是理性的。消费者努力以能带来最大愉悦的方式花费他们的收入。按经济学家所说，他们使效用最大化。对企业家而言，他们从经营中寻求最大的利润。 第二个领域，宏观经济学，是涉及国民收入和就业的现代理论。宏观经济学最早可追述到英
国经济学家约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯1935年所著的《就业、利息和货币通论》一书。他对繁荣和萧条的解释围绕消费者、商业投资者和政府对货物或服务的总体需求。因为，按照凯恩斯的理论，不充分的总体需求会增加失业，建议的解决方式是企业扩大投资或政府增加开支，继而增加预算赤字。
经济问题一直以来都占据着人们的思想。古希腊的亚里士多德和柏图都在著作中谈到财富、财产和贸易问题，两人都对商业持有偏见，认为靠生意来谋生是不足取的。罗马人从希腊人那里借用了经济学思想，对经商同样不屑一顾。在中世纪，
罗马天主教会的经济学思想表达在其教法中，教法谴责从借贷中获利的行为，并认为商业地位劣于农业。
经济学作为一门现代研究学科，区别于道德哲学和政治学，可追述到苏格兰哲学家兼经济学家亚当·斯密1776年著的《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》。重商主义和重农主义是斯密的古典经济学及其19世纪后继者(新古典经济学)的理论先驱。
2010年教育部考试中心考研英语翻译模拟试题(二) 2010
年教育部考试中心考研英语模拟试
题
- 翻译部分汇编 二、科学与技术
The meanings of “science”and “technology”have changed significantly from one generation
to another. More similarities than differences, however, can be found between the terms, (46) Both science and technology imply a thinking process, both are concerned with causal relationships in the material world, and both employ an experimental methodology that results in empirical demonstrations that can be verified by repetition. (47) Science, at least in theory, is less concerned with the practicality of its results and more concerned with the development of general laws, but in practice science and technology are inextricably involved with each other. The varying interplay of the two can be observed in the historical development of such practitioners as chemists, engineers, physicists, astronomers, carpenters, potters, and many other specialists. Differing educational requirements, social status, vocabulary, methodology, and types of rewards, as well as institutional objectives and professional goals, contribute to such distinctions as can be made between the activities of scientists and technologists; but throughout history the practitioners of “pure”science have made many practical as well as theoretical contributions.(48) Indeed, the concept that science provides the ideas for technological innovations and that pure research is therefore essential for any significant advancement in industrial civilization is essentially a myth. Most of the greatest changes in industrial civilization cannot be traced to the laboratory. Fundamental tools and processes in the fields of mechanics, chemistry, astronomy, metallurgy, and hydraulics were developed before the laws governing their functions were discovered. The steam engine, for example, was commonplace before the science of thermodynamics elucidated the physical principle underlying its operations.
In recent years a sharp value distinction has their bitter opponents, but today many people have come to fear technology much more than science. (49) For these people, science may be perceived as a serene, objective source for understanding the eternal laws of nature, whereas the practical manifestations of technology in the modern world now seem to them to be out of control.
(50) Many historians of science argue not only that technology is an essential condition of advanced, industrial civilization but also that the rate of technological change has developed its own momentum in recent centuries. Innovations now seem to appear at a rate that increase geometrically, without respect to geographical limits or political systems. These innovations tend to transform traditional cultural systems, frequently with unexpected social consequences. Thus technology can be conceived as both a creative and a destructive process.
答案 46.科学与技术都包含有一种思维的过程，两者都涉及到物质世界的因果关系，两者都运用了一套实验的方法论，这种方法论所产生的是能够通过重复得以验证的经验性的实证结果。47.至少在理论上，科学较少地关心其研究成果的实用性，而更多地关注于归纳出普遍的法则;但是在实践中，科学与技术却相互关联，无法割裂。
考研英语2 模拟翻译篇八：2014考研：英语二翻译题型学习指导
2014考研：英语二翻译题型学习指导
英语二的翻译部分，也是在英语一和英语二这两张试卷中，区别最大的题型。根据往年的英语二大纲规定，英语二的翻译部分主要“考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。”这不同于英语一大纲中的“主要考查考生准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语文字材料的能力”，英语二的英译汉部分并没有突出去强调翻译部分的难度，而只是考查将一般难度的英语语言材料转换成汉语的能力，与英语一专门挑出五个长难句来考相比，难度是有所降低的。
备考2014考研的考生在复习英语二翻译部分的时候，要注意，这些段落的句子一般来说平均长度大概在15词左右，句式结构复杂程度相较英语一的长难句是有所降低的，所以在选择练习材料的时候不宜直接拿英语一的真题模拟题来练习，因为难度有区别，可选择英语二真题或者历年MBA的联考试题。另教育学考研辅 导需特别注意句子之间的逻辑衔接、代词呼应问题，因为是段落整体翻译，上下文衔接就显得尤为重要，在现阶万学海文段的练习过程中就要尤其注意这个问题。段落译文要保持整体的连贯性、一致性，考虑到段落翻译的整体的特殊性，在翻译成中文的同时，要考虑上下文的通顺以及一致性。在具体语法点的考察上，英语二的翻译考察的比较多的就是定语从句，代词指代，被动语态，专有名词，一词多义，熟词生意等比较常见的点，在平时练习可针对此类语法点进行训练，并且在单词记忆的时候要加深对单词的全面了解，这不仅对翻译有好处，对考研英语二的其他题型也是有帮助的。
总的来说，希望同学们能够以平和从容的心态面对考研英语翻译以及所有考试的复习，认真备考，在明年1月份的考试中取得佳绩！
考研英语2 模拟翻译篇九：2.翻译硕士英语考研模拟试题二
模拟试题二
PART I GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [60 MIN] (1×30=30 POINTS)
There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Please choose the correct answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on the answer sheet.
1.She had a strong ________to give a talk about her experiences, because she didn‟t like the limelight.
A. disinclination B. dissolution
C. dissidence D. dissension
2. The eye tends to see distance as ________. In painting, this is sometimes called “the vanishing point”.
A. conforming B. comforting
C. contriving D. converging
3. The man went to prison, but the two boys ________with a warning.
A. took off B. got off
C. kept off D. set off
4. Although her initial success was _________ by the fact she was the daughter of a famous actor, the critics later acclaimed her as a star in her own right.
A. enhanced B. impeded C. refuted D. superseded
5. Perhaps we should think in terms of raising interest rates ______ them, in consideration of the
new reports about inflation reported last June.
A. then reducing B. and reduce C. although reduce D. rather than reducing
6. The symphony‟s second movement—slow, mournful, and ________—is based on a funeral march.
A. frivolous B. effervescent C. vicissitude D. ephemeral
7. Few of us take the pains to study our cherished convictions; indeed, we almost have a natural ____doing so.
A. aptitude for B. repugnance to C. ignorance of D. reaction to
8. If you wait for the ____moment to act, you may have never begun your project.
A. definitive B. optimum C. implacable D. righteous
9. My reading in later life has supplied me with some possible explanations of his____.
A. temperature B. temperament C. temptation D. temperance
10.________ghost exists in the world. That‟s your illusion.
A. No such a thing as B. No such a thing as a
C. No such thing as a D. No such thing as
11. I didn‟t like myself ________in that way.
A. to be praised B. praised
C. be praised D. to have been praised
12. ________an answer, they decided to send an express telegram to them.
A. Received not B. Having received not
C. Not having received D. Not received
13. During a war, many of the normal basic rights of the individual are in the national interest.
A. disregarded B. infringed
C. suspended D. stamped
14.The of social security benefits often feel that they are contributing more than they in fact receive in terms of medical care, pensions, etc.
A. receipts B. receivers
C. recipients D. payees
15. Many diseases that used to be considered _________ of mankind are now easily treatable with antibiotics
A. scourges B. blights C. tortures D. thorns
16. Some historians believe that John Jay could have played in America‟s history as
James Madison.
A. as an important role B. as important a role
C. an important role as D. a role as important
17. Cynics believe that people who compliments do so in order to be praised twice.
A. bask in B. give out C. gloat over D. shrug off
18.Technically, negotiation occurs between people who are interdependent, ___________that the actions of one party affect those of the other party and vice versa.
A. as means B. to mean
C. that means D. meaning
19. The Chairman was evidently ____________by Jim‟s words and glared at him for a few
seconds.
A. put down B. put across C. put away D. put out
20. The local authorities realized the need to make ____________for elderly people in their
housing programs.
A. provision B. preparation C. requirement D. specification
21. He was so in the TV program that he forgot to turn the oven off.
A. tarnished B. revamped C. engrossed D. bequeathed
22. Penny‟s speech given at the state competition won her the first prize.
A. promptitude B. impromptu C. prorate D. natant
23. Overall, it is going to become much easier for people to communicate __________the Net Communicating with others in real time will soon be the norm.
A. by B. in C. over D. onto
24. I had never seen so many people with so many disabilities. I returned home, silently __________, thinking how fortunate we really were. .
A. retrospective B. introspective C. perspective D. prospective
25. The Japanese dollar-buying makes traders eager to __________ dollars in fear of another government intervention.
A. let in B. let out C. let go of D. let off
26. The Supreme Court‟s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. .
A. implications B. complications C. innovations D, complexities
27.As a rule, what‟s efficient in one place will be efficient in most other places, thus American businesses are fierce competitors they choose to sell their product, having been formed in a competitive environment that breeds optimality.
A. whatever B. whenever C. wherever D. however
28. Allowing our cities to be by cars has progressively affected children‟s independent
mobility, for children have lost much of their freedom to explore their own neighborhood or city.
A. pervaded B. diffused C. dominated D. intervened
29. When the young man realized that the police had spotted him, he made the exit as quickly as possible, only to find that two policemen were waiting outside.
A. off B. from C. towards D. for
30. Generous public funding of basic science would considerable benefits for the country‟s health, wealth and security.
A. result from B. settle down C. lie in D. lead to
PART II READING COMPREHENSION [60 MIN] (40 POINTS)
Passage One
The Roman language served as the first model for answering the question. Even to someone with no knowledge of Latin, the similarities among Roman languages would have made it natural to suggest that they were derived from a common ancestor. On the assumption that the shared characteristic of these languages came from the common ancestor, it would have been possible to reconstruct many of the characteristics of the original common language. In much the same way it became clear that the branches of the Indo-European family could be studied and a hypothetical family tree constructed, reading back to a common ancestor. This is the tree approach. The basic process represented by the tree model is one of divergence: when languages become isolated from one another, they differ increasingly, and dialects gradually become different until they become separate languages.
Divergence is by no means the only possible tendency in language evolution. Johannes Schmidt introduced a “wave” model, in which linguistic changes were like waves, eventually leading to convergence; that is, growing similarity among languages that were initially quite different.
Today, however, most linguists think primarily in terms of family trees. It is necessary to construct some models of how language change might occur according to a process-based view. There are four main classes of models.
The first is the process of initial colonization, by which an uninhabited territory becomes populated; its language naturally becomes that of the colonizers. Second are processes of divergence, such as the linguistic divergence arising from separation or isolation mentioned above in relation to early models of the Indo-European languages. The third group of models is based on processes of linguistic convergence. The wave model, formulated by Schmidt in the 1870‟s, is an example, but convergence methods have not generally found favor among linguists.
Now, the slow and rather static operation of these processes is complicated by another factor: linguistic replacement. That factor provides the basis for a fourth class of models, in many areas of the world the languages initially spoken by the indigenous people have come to be replaced, fully or partially, by languages spoken by people coming from outside. Were it not for this large complicating factor, the world‟s linguistic history could be faithfully described by the initial distribution of Homo Sapiens, followed by the gradual workings of divergence and convergence. So linguistic replacement also has a key role to play in explaining the origins of the Indo-European languages.
31. The characteristics of the original common language can be described on the basis
of A. the similarities among Romance languages
B. the hypothetical family tree
C. the process known as divergence
D. the common features of Roman languages
32. According to Johannes Schmidt, A. languages change on a large scale like waves
B. divergence is not the only possible tendency in language change
C. language evolution can be explained in terms of divergence and convergence
D. different languages will become increasingly similar until they develop into one language
33. It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that A. there doesn‟t exist any satisfactory model of language change
B. most linguists explain language change only in terms of divergence
C. most linguists generally don‟t accept the idea of language convergence
D. the first process in language evolution is colonization, followed by divergence
34. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Linguistic replacement can be ignored for the linguistic history to be fully described.
B. Linguistic replacement cannot be ignored in explaining where the Indo-European
languages come from
C. Because of linguistic replacement, the other three models prove to be incorrect
D. Compared with the other models, linguistic replacement is the most important model
35. This passage is primarily written to .
A. discuss the importance of linguistic replacement
B. introduce the origin of the indo-European language
C. explain the divergence of the Indo-European languages
D. introduce models concerning the origin of the indo-European languages
Passage Two
Of all the catastrophes that could befall America in coming years, a big terrorist attack, perhaps even bigger than those on September 11th 2001, may be more likely than others. Who would pay for the millions in property damage, business losses and other claims from such an attack?
This is the question with which America‟s Congress is currently wrestling. The Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA) was passed as a temporary measure after September 11th to provide a government back-stop for the insurance industry in the event of a catastrophic attack. It now says government can step in when insured losses from a terrorist event top $5m. TRIA has helped to stabilize the market, and enabled insurers to continue offering terrorism-risk cover even after swallowing the big losses imposed by September 11th. But unless Congress acts fast, TRIA will expire at the end of the year. One likely result is the loss of terrorism-risk cover for thousands of firms and property owners. This, in turn, could disrupt businesses and make some commercial activity impossible. With modifications, TRIA should be extended.
The Bush administration has been opposed to extension. It has always seen TRIA as a short-term measure, and has argued that the private sector should assume sole responsibility for terrorism insurance. This is the right goal. A purely private solution would be best, lifting any
future burden from the taxpayer and relying on the industry to price and spread risks more accurately than any government can do. But relying entirely on the private sector immediately does not look feasible. With TRIA‟s expiration looming, insurers and reinsurers have not, as the administration expected, rushed to write new contracts for next year offering to fall gaps in terrorism cover.
Why the hesitation? Unlike other risks, the threat of terrorism cannot be forecast in time or scope, making a mockery of insurers‟ underwriting models. A big chemical, biological or nuclear attack is a prospect few can price, or afford to cover. Insurers are already being threatened with downgrades by rating agencies for the terrorism cover they have sold.
One reason is that insurance, far from being a free market, is already one of the most heavily regulated of industries. Operating in a highly distorted marketplace, with 50 state regulators, the insurance industry seems to be having trouble pricing the largest of terrorism risks in a way that is credible and can still offer insurers a profit. Letting TRIA expire, and abruptly withdrawing the government role in insuring the largest losses, would just exacerbate this problem.
Any renewal of TRIA should, once again, be limited to two years, say. Its extension must also shift more of the burden，and the business，to the private sector. If an extension is agreed and TRIA‟s threshold for government intervention is raised substantially, work should begin now to find better longer—term solutions. One place to look is abroad, where governments have dealt with terrorism risk for years. In Britain, for instance, insurers have created a pool of capital that is backed by the government and, over time, shifts a greater share of risk on to the private sector. Other options to consider include tax changes that reduce the cost of holding capital by insurers and reinsurers, and facilitating the use of catastrophe bonds.
With fewer regulatory distortions of insurance markets, a solely private solution may be attainable in the long run. In the current environment, though, the same government that regularly warns of terrorist threats must still have a role to play in a solution that safeguards America‟s financial security. It would be better to plan ahead than wait for a rushed, Katrina-style bail-out after a big attack. Amid all the uncertainties, one thing seems clear: any such bail-out would be more costly and lead to even greater market distortions without an extension of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act today.
36. TRIA ____.
A. provides insurance to properties in high-risk areas
B. should be extended as it is now
C. requires government support to risk insurance
D. has caused a substantial loss of revenue to the state
37. The private sector is hesitant in taking sole responsibility for terrorism insurance
because______.
A. their current pricing models cannot estimate terrorism attacks properly
B. they do not often insure things they cannot forecast
C. they are threatened by loss of other insurance takers
D. they do not have regulator-approved contracts that cover terrorism attacks
38. The extension of TRIA should aim at_____.
A. making government intervention more unacceptable
B. introducing foreign companies into terrorism insurance
C. setting up catastrophe bonds managed by insurers and reinsurers
考研英语2 模拟翻译篇十：2016考研英语翻译模拟练习题(1)
2016考研英语翻译模拟练习题（1）
Gandhi’s pacifism can be separated to some extent from his other teachings. (1)(Its motive was religious, but he claimed also for it that it was a definitive technique, a method, capable of producing desired political results. Gandhi’s attitude was not that of most Western pacifists. Satyagraha,) (2(the method Gandhi proposed and practiced, first evolved in South Africa, was a sort of non-violent warfare, a way of defeating the enemy without hurting him and without feeling or arousing hatred.) It entailed such things as civil disobedience, strikes, lying down in front of railway trains, enduring police charges without running away and without hitting back, and the like. Gandhi objected to “passive resistance” as a translation of Satyagraha: in Gujarati, it seems, the word means “firmness in the truth”. (3(In his early days Gandhi served as a stretcher-bearer on the British side in the Boer War, and he was prepared to do the same again in the war of 1914-1918.) Even after he had completely abjured violence he was honest enough to see that in war it is usually necessary to take sides. Since his whole political life centred round a struggle for national independence, he could not and, (4)(indeed, he did not take the sterile and dishonest line of pretending that in every war both sides are exactly the same and it makes no difference who wins.) Nor did he, like most Western pacifists, specialize in avoiding awkward questions. In relation to the late war, one question that every pacifist had a clear obligation to answer was: “What about the Jews? Are you prepared to see them exterminated? If not, how do you propose to save them without resorting to war?” (5)(I must say that I have never heard, from any Western pacifist, an honest answer to this question, though I have heard plenty of evasions, usually of the “you’re another” type.) But it so happens that Gandhi was asked a somewhat similar question in 1938 and that his answer is on record in Mr. Louis Fischer’s Gandhi and Stalin. According to Mr. Fischer, Gandhi’s view was that the German Jews ought to commit collective suicide, which “would have aroused the world and the people of Germany to Hitler’s violence.”
总体分析
本文是一篇介绍甘地的和平主义的文章。文章先介绍了甘地的和平主义的性质、来源、具体形式等。接着指出了甘地作为和平主义者的独特之处：首先，他虽然反对暴力，但并不否认战争的立场;其次，他不躲避回答棘手的问题。
本文考查的知识点：后置定语、插入语、it做形式主语的主语从句，等。
试题精解
1.[精解] 本题考核知识点：后置定语的翻译。
该句是由but连接的两个并列分句：前一分句是简单句，后一分句是主从复合句。后一分句的主干是he claimed that...，其中that引导宾语从句。从句中形容词短语capable of...做后置定语，修饰名词a technique, a method。该定语可以按照汉语习惯译为前置定语，即，“一种可以产生预期的政治效果的明显的技巧和方法”;也可以采用拆译法，译为一个句子，增译代词“它”做主语。
词汇：claim意为“宣称，声称，说”;definite意为“肯定的，确定的;清楚的，明显的”，它和technique搭配时取“明显的”含义;desired意为“渴望的，期望的”，当它和results/effect
等词搭配时常常译为“预期的”。
翻译：其动机是宗教性质的，但他也说这是一种明显的技巧，一种方法，它可以产生预期的政治效果。
2.[精解] 本题考核知识点：后置定语的翻译和词义的选择。
该句的主干结构是：the method... was a sort of warfare。主语the method后有两个后置定语：一个是省略关系代词的定语从句Gandhi proposed and practiced;另一个是过去分词短语first evolved in...。如果把它们都译为汉语的前置定语会很冗长，不符合汉语表达习惯。因此可把第一个定语前置，第二个定语转译为谓语。而真正的谓语前可加上“这”或“它”指代真正的主语。表语a sort of warfare后是一个较长的同位语a way of defeating...。其中介词短语of...做后置定语修饰名词a way，翻译时应前置。
词汇：practice意为“练习，训练;经常做;从事”等，在本句中与propose(提出)对应译为“付诸实践”。evolve意为“逐渐形成;进化”，但它在本句中不能将基本含义照搬，而应意译为“起源于(南非)”。warfare意为“作战，战争;斗争，冲突”等，根据上下文，该词应增译为“斗争的方式(方法)”。
翻译：这个由甘地提出并付诸实践的方法，最早起源于南非，是一种非暴力的斗争方式，用既不伤害对方又不会引发仇恨的手段打败敌人。
3.[精解] 本题考核知识点：定语和状语的翻译
该句是and连接的并列句，其主干结构是：Gandhi served as a... and he was prepared...。前一分句中“in his early days”和“in the Boer War”都作时间状语，修饰谓语served，翻译时应放在句首。“on the British side”做后置定语，修饰stretcher-bearer，应译为前置定语，即，“英方的担架员”。
词汇：serve as sth.意为“(为„„)工作，服务，履行义务，尽职责”;stretcher-bearer指“抬担架者”;on sb.’s side意为“站在某人一边，和某人观点一致”。
翻译：早年间，在布尔战争期间甘地曾经为英方抬过担架，而且在1914-1918年战争期间他又准备这么做。
4.[精解] 本题考核知识点：后置定语、主语从句的翻译。
该句的主干是he did not take the... line，介词短语of...做后置定语修饰宾语the line。由于定语太长，应采取拆译法，另起一句。动名词pretending后接有that引导的宾语从句。该从句由两个并列的分句组成：both sides are... and it makes...，后一分句中it为形式主语，从句who wins为真正的主语，汉语中不存在这种语法形式，因此可以直接将从句内容译为主语。
词汇：line一词的含义较多，但在本句中的含义是“态度，看法”;fruitless意为“没有成果的，无成效的，徒然的”;pretend意为“假装”，本句中它后面跟有从句，应增译为“假装说”。
翻译：而且也确实没有采取毫无意义的、不诚实的态度，假装说在所有战争中参战双方完全一样，因而谁获得胜利都无所谓。
5.[精解] 本题考核知识点：插入语、后置定语的翻译
该句的主干是I must say，后面是that引导的宾语从句。宾语从句是一个主从复合句。主句是I have never heard an honest answer，其谓语和宾语之间插入了一个状语成分，翻译时可放在句首或谓语之前，译为“从任何一个西方和平主义者那里我从未听说过”或“我从未从任何一个西方和平主义者那里听说过”。though引导转折状语从句，其中介词短语of...做后置定语，修饰宾语evasions，可译为前置定语，也可另起一句。
词汇：evasion意为“躲避，逃避;借口，托词”，根据上下文可活译为“躲闪之词”、“逃避的说法”等。
翻译：我必须说，我从未从任何一个西方和平主义者那里听到过对该问题的诚实的答复，但是却听大了大量的躲闪之词，通常都是“你是另外一回事”之类的回答。
凯程教育：
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建校历史：机构成立的历史也是一个参考因素，历史越久，积累的人脉资源更多。例如，凯
程教育已经成立10年（2005年），一直以来专注于考研，成功率一直遥遥领先，同学们有兴趣可以联系一下他们在线老师或者电话。
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