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雪莱的短诗猫篇一
《雪莱的爱情诗九首(中英对照)》
TO—
by P. B. Shelley
One word is too often profaned
For me to profane it,
One feeling too falsely distain'd
For thee to distain it;
One hope is too like despair
For prudence to smother,
And pity from thee more dear
Than that from another.
I can not give what men call love:
But wilt thou accept not
The worship the heart lifts above
And the heavens reject not,
And the desire of the moth for the star, Of the nigth for the morrow
The devotion to something afar
From the sphere of our sorrow.
致――
有一个字经常被人亵渎
我不会再来亵渎
有一种感情被人假意鄙薄
你也不会再来鄙薄。
有一种希望太似绝望;
何须再加提防!
你的令悯之情无人能比,
温暖着我的心。
我不能给你人们所称的爱情,
但不知你能否接受
这颗心对你的仰慕之情,
连上天也不会拒绝。
犹如飞蛾扑向星星,
又如黑夜追求黎明。
这种思慕之情,
早已跳出了人间的苦境!
Love’s Philosophy
P.B.Shelley
The fountains mingle with river
And the rivers with the ocean,
The winds of Heaven mix for ever With a sweet emotion;
Nothing in the world is single;
All things by a law divine
In one spirit meet and mingle.
Why not I with thine?—
See the mountains kiss high Heaven And the waves clasp one another;
No sister-flower would be forgiven If it disdained its brother;
And the sunlight clasps the earth
And the moonbeams kiss the sea:
What is all this sweet work worth
If thou kiss not me?
爱的哲学
一
出山的泉水与江河汇流,
江河又与海洋相遇。
天空里风与风互相渗透,
融洽于甜蜜的深情。
万物遵循同一条神圣法则,
在同一精神中会合;
世界上一切都无独有偶,
为什么我和你却否?
二
看高高的山峰亲吻蓝空,
波浪和波浪相抱相拥,
没有一朵姐妹花会被宽容,
如果竟轻视她的弟兄;
灿烂的阳光抚抱大地,
明丽的月华亲吻海波,
一切甜美的天工有何价值,
如果,你不吻我?
Indian serenade
I arise from dreams of thee 1819
In the first sweet sleep of night,
When the winds are breathing low, And the stars are shining bright.
I arise from dreams of thee,
And a spirit in my feet
Hath led me—who knows how?
To thy chamber window, Sweet! The wandering airs they faint
On the dark, the silent stream— And the Champak‘s odours
Like sweet thoughts in a dream;
The nightingale‘s complaint,
It dies upon her heart,
As I must on thine,
O belovèd as thou art!
O lift me from the grass!
I die! I faint! I fail!
Let thy love in kisses rain
On my lips and eyelids pale.
My cheek is cold and white, alas! My heart beats loud and fast:
O press it to thine own again,
Where it will break at last!
印度小夜曲
一
夜晚第一度香甜的睡眠里,
从梦你的梦中起身下了地,
习习的夜风正轻轻地吹,
灿烂的星星闪耀着光辉;
从梦你的梦中起身下了地,
有个精灵附在我的脚底,
引导着我,哦,不可思议,
来到你的纱窗下,亲爱的!
二
四处游荡的乐声已疲惫,
隐没在幽暗静寂的清溪——
金香木的芳馨已经消逝,
就像梦中那甜美的情思;
夜莺一声声泣血的怨啼
已在她的心底溘然死去——
我的生命也将在你心上熄灭,
哦,我所热爱的只是你!
三
哦,快把我从茵草地上扶起,
我急促,我无力,我将昏迷,
让你的爱在吻的密雨里降落,
落在我苍白的嘴唇和眼皮;
我的面颊冰凉,惨白无血!
我的心音响沉重,跳动迅疾—— 哦,再一次把它拥紧在心窝,
它终将在你的心窝里碎裂。
On A Faded Violet
by Percy Bysshe Shelley
The odor from the flower is gone,
Which like thy kisses breathed on me; The color from the flower is flown, Which glowed of thee, and only thee!
A shriveled, lifeless, vacant form,
It lies on my abandoned breast,
And mocks the heart, which yet is warm, With cold and silent rest.
I weep – my tears revive it not;
I sigh – it breathes no more on me; Its mute and uncomplaining lot
Is such as mine should be.
一朵枯萎的紫罗兰
一
这朵花的芬芳已经消隐,
像你的吻对我吐露过的气味; 这朵花的颜色已经凋殒,
它曾使我想起你独有的光辉。
二
一个萎缩、僵死、空虚的形体, 搁置在我被冷落的胸襟,
以它冷漠、寂静、无声的安息
嘲弄我依旧热烈的痴心。
三
我哭泣,泪水不能使它复生;
我叹息,你不再向我吐露气息; 它静默无声无所怨尤的命运,
正和我所应得的那种无异。
1818年
To—
Yet look on me -- take not thine eyes away, Which feed upon the love within mine own, Which is indeed but the reflected ray
Of thine own beauty from my spirit thrown. Yet speak to me -- thy voice is as the tone Of my heart’s echo, and I think I hear That thou yet lovest me; yet thou alone Like one before a mirror, without care
Of aught but thine own features, imaged there; And yet I wear out life in watching thee;
A toil so sweet at times, and thou indeed Art kind when I am sick, and pity me.
致——
依旧看着我——别把眼睛移开, 让它们继续享宴我眼睛中的爱, 这爱其实也不过是你自己的美
在我的灵魂深处反射出的光辉; 依旧对我说话——你的声息
似我心声的回音,我以为我听见 你说你仍爱我,而你却是自语, 像面对镜子的人,只关心那里面 你自己的容貌,并未对别人留意, 而我依旧在消耗着生命注视着你, 这是一种苦役,有时却也甜蜜, 我厌烦时你对我确实亲切而怜惜。
To Mary –
By Percy Bysshe Shelley
O Mary dear, that you were here
With your brown eyes bright and clear. And your sweet voice, like a bird
Singing love to its lone mate
In the ivy bower disconsolate;
雪莱的短诗猫篇二
《雪莱的诗》
雪莱的诗
雪莱:波西•比西•雪莱(Percy Bysshe Shelley),生于1792年8月4日,1822年7月8日溺水身亡。雪莱是英国文学史上最有才华的抒情诗人之一,曾获英国诗歌界最高荣誉奖“桂冠诗人”的称号,著有长诗《被解放了的普罗米修斯》和《倩契》等,其著名短诗有《西风颂》、《致云雀》等。
On A Faded Violet 一朵枯萎的紫罗兰
The odor from the flower is gone, 这朵花的香气已经散失,
Which like thy kisses breathed on me; 如你的吻对我吐露过的气息;
The color from the flower is flown, 这朵花的颜色已经退去,
Which glowed of thee, and only thee! 如你曾焕发过的明亮,只有你!
A shriveled, lifeless, vacant form, 一个萎缩、死的、空虚的形体,
It lies on my abandoned breast, 它在我荒废的胸口,
And mocks the heart, which yet is warm, 以它冷漠和无声的安息
With cold and silent rest. 嘲弄我那仍炽热的心。
I weep ---- my tears revive it not; 我哭泣,泪水无法复活它;
I sigh ---- it breathes no more on me; 我叹息,它的气息永远不再;
Its mute and uncomplaining lot 它沉默、无怨的命运,
Is such as mine should be. 正是我所应得的
诗歌(15):雪莱的诗之一---《西风颂》
1. 西风颂
哦,狂野的西风哦,你哦秋的气息!
由于你无形无影的出现,万木萧疏,
似鬼魅逃避驱魔巫师,蔫黄,黢黑,
苍白,潮红,疫疠摧残的落叶无数,
四散飘舞;哦,你又把有翅的种籽
凌空运送到他们黑暗的越冬床圃;
仿佛是一具具僵卧在坟墓里的尸体,
他们将分别蛰伏,冷落而又凄凉,
直到阳春你蔚蓝的姐妹向梦中的大地
吹响她嘹亮的号角(如同牧放群羊
驱送香甜的花蕾到空气中觅食就饮)
给高山平原注满生命的色彩和芬芳。
不羁的精灵,你啊,你到处运行;
你破坏,你也保存,听,哦,听!
二
在你的川流上,在骚动的高空,
纷乱的乌云,那雨和电的天使,
正象大地凋零枯散的落叶无穷,
挣脱天空和海洋交情缠接的柯枝,
漂流奔泻;在你清虚的波涛表面,
似酒神女祭司头上扬起的蓬勃青丝。
从那茫茫地平线阴暗的边缘
直到苍穹的绝顶,到处散步着
迫近的暴风雨飘摇翻腾的发卷。
你啊,垂死残年的挽歌,四合的夜幕
在你聚集的全部水汽威力的支撑下,
将构成他那庞大墓穴的拱形顶部。
从你那雄浑磅礴的氛围,将迸发
黑色的雨、火、冰雹;哦,听啊!
三
你,哦,是你把蓝色的地中海
从梦中唤醒,他在一整个夏天
都酣睡在贝伊湾一座浮石岛外,
被澄澈的流水喧哗声催送入眠,
梦见了古代的楼台、塔堡和宫闱,
在强烈汹涌的波光里不住地抖颤,
全部长满了蔚蓝色苔藓和花卉,
馨香馥郁,如醉的知觉难以描摹。
哦,为了给你让路,大西洋水
豁然开裂,而在浩森波澜深处,
海底的花藻和枝叶无汁的丛林,
哦,由于把你的呼啸声辨认出,
一时都惨然变色,胆沐心惊,
战栗着自行凋落;听,哦,听!
四
我若是一朵轻捷的浮云能和你同飞,
我若是一片落叶,你所能提携,
我若是一头波浪能喘息于你的神威,
分享你雄强的脉搏,自由不羁,
仅次于,哦,仅次于不可控制的你,
我若能象少年时,作为伴侣,
随你同游天际,因为在那时节,
似乎超越你天界的神速也不为奇迹;
我也就不至于象现在这样急切,
向你苦苦祈求。哦,快把我扬起,
就象你扬起的波浪、浮云、落叶!
我倾覆于人生的荆棘!我在流血!
岁月的重负压制着的这一个太象你,
象你一样,骄傲,不驯,而且敏捷。
五
象你以森林演奏,请你也以我为琴,
哪怕我的叶片也象森林一样凋谢!
你那非凡和谐的慷慨激越之情,
定能从森林和我同奏出深沉的秋乐,
悲怆却又甘洌。但愿你勇猛的精灵
竟是我的魂魄,我能成为剽悍的你!
请把我枯萎的思绪播送宇宙,
就象你驱遣落叶催促新的生命,
请凭借我这韵文写就的符咒,
就象从未灭的余烬扬出炉灰和火星,
把我的话语传遍天地间万户千家,
通过我的嘴唇,向沉睡未醒的人境,
让预言的号角奏鸣!哦,风啊,
如果冬天来了,春天还会远吗?
—1819年秋 江枫 译
【美文赏译】14——雪莱的诗
原文:
The flower that smiles today
Tomorrow dies;
All that we wish to say
Tempts and then flies.
What is this world’s delight?
Lightning that mocks the night.
Brief even as bright.
Virtue, how frail it is!
Friendship how rare!
Love, how it sells poor bliss
For proud despair!
But we,though soon they fall,
Survive their joy, and all
Which ours we call.
Whilst skies are blue and bright,
Whilst flowers are gay,
Whilst eyes that change ere night
Make glad the day;
Whilst yet the calm hours creep
Dream thou and from thy sleep
Then wake up to weep.
译文:
今天微笑的花朵
明日它便死去;
我们但愿留驻的
诱惑之后飞去。
人世间快乐究为何物?
恰如闪电嘲笑黑夜,
光亮一片,转瞬消逝。
美德何其脆弱!
友谊何其稀有!
爱情以不足道的幸福
轻易换取高傲的绝望!
它们很快跌落,而我们
活下去,再没有它们带来的欢乐,
没有我们称为“我们的”一切。
注解:
Percy Bysshe Shelley(1792---1822) 作为诗人,雪莱的态度是积极的,进取的,战斗的,但同时他也是愤世的,孤独的,苦闷的,时而表现出消极的方向。这首诗题为“无常”,不免会另人伤感,想到的是好景不长。诗人也确实将着一氛围渲染到无以复加的地步:花儿瞬息凋谢,快乐如同闪电,希望留下的留不住,美德无比脆弱,知音到处难觅,人们差不多失去一切,只能为现实哭泣,唯一能做的是在梦中寻找到片刻的愉悦。憧憬和向往被现实无情地粉碎后,剩下的是不可名状的凄婉和惆怅。
练习:翻译句子
Whilst skies are blue and bright,
Whilst flowers are gay,
Whilst eyes that change ere night
Make glad the day;
Whilst yet the calm hours creep
Dream thou and from thy sleep
Then wake up to weep.
答案:
趁天空还蔚蓝光明
趁花朵还娇艳芳菲,
趁黑夜未到,眼睛
能看到白日的美好,
趁平静还在缓缓流淌,
入梦吧,待从梦中醒来
再哭泣。
雪莱的短诗猫篇三
《雪莱的诗》
致云雀 雪莱祝你长生,欢快的精灵!谁说你是只飞禽?你从天庭,或它的近处,倾泻你整个的心,无须琢磨,便发出丰盛的乐音。你从大地一跃而起,往上飞翔又飞翔,有如一团火云,在蓝天平展着你的翅膀,你不歇地边唱边飞,边飞边唱。下沉的夕阳放出了金色电闪的光明,就在那明亮的云间你浮游而又飞行,像不具形的欢乐,刚刚开始途程。那淡紫色的黄昏与你的翱翔溶合,好似在白日的天空中,一颗明星沉没,你虽不见,我却能听到你的欢乐:清晰,锐利,有如那晨星射出了银辉千条,虽然在清彻的晨曦中它那明光逐渐缩小,直缩到看不见,却还能依稀感到。整个大地和天空都和你的歌共鸣,有如在皎洁的夜晚,从一片孤独的云,月亮流出光华,光华溢满了天空。我们不知道你是什么;什么和你最相象?从彩虹的云间滴雨,那雨滴固然明亮,但怎及得由你遗下的一片音响?好像是一个诗人居于思想底明光中,他昂首而歌,使人世由冷漠而至感动,感于他所唱的希望、忧惧和赞颂;好像是名门的少女在高楼中独坐,为了抒发缠绵的心情,便在幽寂的一刻以甜蜜的乐音充满她的绣阁;好像是金色的萤火虫,在凝露的山谷里,到处流散它轻盈的光在花丛,在草地,而花草却把它掩遮,毫不感激;好像一朵玫瑰幽蔽在它自己的绿叶里,阵阵的暖风前来凌犯,而终于,它的香气以过多的甜味使偷香者昏迷:无论是春日的急雨向闪亮的草洒落,或是雨敲得花儿苏醒,凡是可以称得鲜明而欢愉的乐音,怎及得你的歌?鸟也好,精灵也好,说吧:什么是你的思绪?我不曾听过对爱情或对酒的赞誉,迸出象你这样神圣的一串狂喜。无论是凯旋的歌声还是婚礼的合唱,要是比起你的歌,就如一切空洞的夸张,呵,那里总感到有什么不如所望。是什么事物构成你的快乐之歌的源泉?To a Skylark by Percy Bysshe ShelleyHail to thee, blithe Spirit!Bird thou never wert,That from Heaven, or near it,Pourest thy full heartIn profuse strains of unpremeditated art.Higher still and higherFrom the earth thou springestLike a cloud of fire;The blue deep thou wingest,And singing still dost soar, and soaring ever singest.In the golden lightningOf the sunken sunO'er which clouds are bright'ning,Thou dost float and run,Like an unbodied joy whose race is just begun.The pale purple evenMelts aro
und thy flight;Like a star of HeavenIn the broad daylightThou art unseen, but yet I hear thy shrill delight:Keen as are the arrowsOf that silver sphere,Whose intense lamp narrowsIn the white dawn clearUntil we hardly see--we feel that it is there.All the earth and airWith thy voice is loud.As, when night is bare,From one lonely cloudThe moon rains out her beams, and heaven is overflowed.What thou art we know not;What is most like thee?From rainbow clouds there flow notDrops so bright to seeAs from thy presence showers a rain of melody.Like a poet hiddenIn the light of thought,Singing hymns unbidden,Till the world is wroughtTo sympathy with hopes and fears it heeded not:Like a high-born maidenIn a palace tower,Soothing her love-ladenSoul in secret hourWith music sweet as love, which overflows her bower:Like a glow-worm goldenIn a dell of dew,Scattering unbeholdenIts aerial hueAmong the flowers and grass, which screen it from the view:Like a rose emboweredIn its own green leaves,By warm winds deflowered,Till the scent it givesMakes faint with too much sweet these heavy-winged thieves.Sound of vernal showersOn the twinkling grass,Rain-awakened flowers,All that ever wasJoyous, and clear, and fresh, thy music doth surpass.Teach us, sprite or bird,What sweet thoughts are thine:I have never heardPraise of love or wineThat panted forth a flood of rapture so divine.Chorus hymenealOr triumphal chauntMatched with thine, would be allBut an empty vaunt--A thing wherein we feel there is some hidden want.What objects are the fountainsOf thy happy strain?What fields, or waves, or mountains?What shapes of sky or plain?What love of thine own kind? what ignorance of pain?With thy clear keen joyanceLanguor cannot be:Shadow of annoyanceNever came near thee:Thou lovest, but ne'er knew love's sad satiety.Waking or asleep,Thou of death must deemThings more true and deepThan we mortals dream,Or how could thy notes flow in such a crystal stream?We look before and after,And pine for what is not:Our sincerest laughterWith some pain is fraught;Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thought.Yet if we could scornHate, and pride, and fear;If we were things born
Not to shed a tear,I know not how thy joy we ever should come near.Better than all measuresOf delightful sound,Better than all treasuresThat in books are found,Thy skill to poet were, thou scorner of the ground!Teach me half the gladnessThat thy brain must know,Such harmonious madnessFrom my lips would flowThe world should listen then, as I am listening now!
雪莱的短诗猫篇四
《雪莱的诗意与神性》
雪莱的短诗猫篇五
《雪莱诗集节选 中英文对照》
With A Guitar, To Jane给珍妮,并赠吉他查良铮 译Ariel to Miranda:-- Take 是阿瑞尔致意米兰达:This slave of music, for the sake 拿去这音乐的奴隶吧;Of him who is the slave of thee; 为了他(就是您的仆从),And teach it all the harmony 请在这乐器上,尽可能In which thou canst, and only thou, 教这心悦的精灵放歌,Make the delighted spirit glow, 因为只有您能使它欢乐,Till joy denies itself again 直到欢乐过于丰富,And, too intense, is turned to pain. 难以承受了,变为痛苦;For by permission and command 可怜的阿瑞尔由于您的Of thine own Prince Ferdinand, 菲迪南王子的准许,Poor Ariel sends this silent token 这才赠送沉默的吉他,Of more than ever can be spoken; 表达他未能启齿的话。Your guardian spirit, Ariel, who 呵,这阿瑞尔,您的护灵,From life to life must still pursue 他岂非世世都把您侍奉?Your happiness,-- for thus alone 因为只有当您快乐,Can Ariel ever find his own. 他才能将他的快乐获得。From Prospero's enchanted cell, 据那伟大的诗歌记载,As the mighty verses tell, 是他引您渡过了海:To the throne of Naples he 从普洛斯伯的魔洞Lit you o'er the trackless sea, 直到那不勒斯的王宫,Flitting on, your prow before, 象一颗流星在飞掠,Like a living meteor. 他在您的船头翱翔。When you die, the silent Moon 当您死去了,即使明月In her interlunar swoon 在晦隐时期悄悄昏厥,Is not sadder in her cell 她那悲伤怎比得过Than deserted Ariel. 孤单的阿瑞尔的深刻?When you live again on earth, 而当您又在世上复生,Like an unseen Star of birth 象一颗不见的宿星,Ariel guides you o'er the sea 阿瑞尔就引导着您Of life from your nativity. 在生活的海洋上航行。Many changes have been run 自从您和菲迪南开始Since Ferdinand and you begun 爱底途程,呵,多少世事Your course of love, and Ariel still 在变幻,但阿瑞尔仍旧Has tracked your steps and served your will. 侍奉着您,跟在您身后;Now in humbler, happier lot, 可是现在,您一切如意,This is all remembered not; 这桩事已不再记起;And now, alas! the poor sprite is 而不幸,这可怜的精灵Imprisoned for some fault of his 竟为了一点过错受禁In a body like a grave — 在形骸之中,象埋在墓里,From you he only dares to crave, 他只有冒昧请您赐予For his service and his sorrow, (为了他的忧伤和忠诚)A smile today, a song tomorrow. 今天一笑,明天一歌声。The artist who this idol wrought 塑造这乐灵的琴师To echo all harmonious thought, 为了传达和谐的情思,Felled a tree, while on the steep 从悬
崖砍下了一棵树,The woods were in their winter sleep, 那是正当冬眠的林木Rocked in that repose divine 在风扫的亚平宁山岭,On the wind-swept Apennine; 享受着庄严的宁静;And dreaming, some of Autumn past, 有的梦见逝去的秋景;And some of Spring approaching fast, 有的梦见春天的来临,And some of April buds and showers, 四月的花苞,四月的雨;And some of songs in July bowers, 还有的梦见七月里And all of love; and so this tree,-- 林间的歌声:一切梦着O that such our death may be!-- 爱情;因此,这树虽砍落,Died in sleep, and felt no pain, (但愿我们能死得相同!)To live in happier form again: 却死在梦里,没有苦痛,From which, beneath Heaven's fairest star, 以后又借更美的形骸The artist wrought this loved Guitar; 而复生;就是以这木材,And taught it justly to reply 在良辰吉日,艺术家To all who question skilfully 制造了这可爱的吉他,In language gentle as thine own; 并且教会它与人唱和,Whispering in enamoured tone 只要人对它不太冷漠;Sweet oracles of woods and dells, 那语言似你一般温柔,And summer winds in sylvan cells; 它会迷恋地低低倾诉— For it had learnt all harmonies 林与谷的甜蜜的音讯,Of the plains and of the skies, 和幽静的斗室的夏风;Of the forests and the mountains, 因为它呵,从原野和天空And the many-voiced fountains; 学会了怎样发出和声,The clearest echoes of the hills, 它会模拟树林和高山,The softest notes of falling rills, 还有万马奔腾的泉涧;The melodies of birds and bees, 它发出的,有山谷的回音,The murmuring of summer seas, 有鸟歌,有蜜蜂的嗡营,And pattering rain, and breathing dew, 有河滩的轻柔的倾泻,And airs of evening; and it knew 有夏日海水的喋喋,That seldom-heard mysterious sound 有雨滴,有露水的呼吸,Which, driven on its diurnal round, 还有黄昏的风;它还熟悉As it floats through boundless day, 那奇异而神秘的乐声,Our world enkindles on its way: 就是在日日的行程中— All this it knows, but will not tell 我们的地球航行于To those who cannot question well 无涯的时流所发出的。The Spirit that inhabits it; 它熟知这一切,但不愿It talks according to the wit 对不会探问的门外汉Of its companions; and no more 把乐灵的心事显示;Is heard than has been felt before 它只按照对方的机智By those who tempt it to betray 而吐诉;也曾有人在过去These secrets of an elder day. 宣泄了它昔日的秘密,But, sweetly as its answers will 以后便怎样诱惑它,Flatter hands of perfect skill, 也不再听到更多的话;It keeps its highest holiest
tone 然而,对娴熟的弹弄For one beloved Friend alone. 它却会曲意地奉承,它只把最神圣的一曲留给我们可爱的珍妮。(1822年)【注释】米兰达:在莎士比亚的戏剧《暴风雨》中,阿瑞尔是空中的精灵,被妖魔拘于一海岛的松树干中。米兰公爵普洛斯伯带着女儿米兰达流落到该岛,将阿瑞尔释放,因此阿瑞尔便为普洛斯伯服务。米兰达以后和飘流而来的菲迪南王子相爱,同返意大利。音乐的奴隶:指吉他。据神话称,乐器中有乐灵,所以能发和谐之音。菲迪南王子:指珍妮的丈夫。NotesPublished by Medwin, The Athenaeum, Oct. 20, 1832; Frazer's Magazine, Jan. 1833. There is a copy amongst the Trelawny MSS.The Indian Serenade印度小夜曲I arise from dreams of theeIn the first sweet sleep of night,When the winds are breathing low,And the stars are shining bright:I arise from dreams of thee,And a spirit in my feetHath led me--who knows how?To thy chamber window, Sweet!V1:午夜初眠梦见了你,我从这美梦里醒来,风儿正悄悄地呼吸,星星放射着光彩;午夜初眠梦见了你,呵,我起来,任凭脚步(是什么精灵在作祟?)把我带到你的门户。V2:在夜晚第一度香甜的睡眠里,从梦见你的梦中起身下了地,习习的夜风正轻轻地吹,灿烂的星星闪耀着光辉;从梦见你的梦中起身下了地,有个精灵附在我的脚底,引导着我,哦,不可思议,来到你的纱窗下,亲爱的!The wandering airs they faintOn the dark, the silent stream--The Champak odours failLike sweet thoughts in a dream;The Nightingale's complaint,It dies upon her heart;--As I must on thine,Oh, belovèd as thou art!V1:飘游的乐曲昏迷在幽暗而寂静的水上,金香木的芬芳溶化了,象梦中甜蜜的想象;那夜莺已不再怨诉,怨声死在她的心怀;让我死在你的怀中吧,因为你是这么可爱!V2:四处游荡的乐声已疲惫,湮没在幽暗静寂的清溪——金香木的芳馨已经消逝,就象梦中那甜美的情思;夜莺一声声泣血的怨啼已在她的心底盍然死去——我的生命也必将在你的心上停熄,因为,哦,我所热爱的只是你! Oh lift me from the grass!I die! I faint! I fail!Let thy love in kisses rainOn my lips and eyelids pale.My cheek is cold and white, alas!My heart beats loud and fast;--Oh! press it to thine own again,Where it will break at last.V1:哦,把我从草上举起!我完了!我昏迷,倒下!让你的爱情化为吻朝我的眼和嘴唇倾洒。我的脸苍白而冰冷,我的心跳得多急切;哦,快把它压在你心上,它终将在那儿碎裂。V2:哦,请快把我从茵草地上扶起,我气息奄
奄,神智昏迷,衰竭无力!让你的爱在吻的密雨里降落,降落在我苍白的嘴唇和眼皮;我的面颊已经冰凉,惨淡无血!我的心脏音响沉重,跳动迅疾——哦,再一次把它拥紧在你的心窝,它终将在你的心窝里碎裂。No. 97 The Cloud 云相关链接:雪莱诗目录(江枫 译)V1:查良铮 译;V2:译者未知;V3:江枫 译The Cloud云I bring fresh showers for the thirsting flowers, From the seas and the streams;I bear light shade for the leaves when laidIn their noonday dreams.From my wings are shaken the dews that wakenThe sweet buds every one,When rocked to rest on their mother's breast,As she dances about the sun.I wield the flail of the lashing hail,And whiten the green plains under,And then again I dissolve it in rain,And laugh as I pass in thunder.V1:我给干渴的花朵从海河带来新鲜的阵雨;当树叶歇在日午的梦中,我给予淡淡的阴翳。从我的毛羽摇落的露珠唤醒了百花的蓓蕾,等大地母亲绕着太阳舞蹈,它们又都摇摇欲睡。我用冰雹当打谷禾的枷,又把绿野染成白色,以后就用雨水把它浸溶,在雷声中笑着走过。V2:我为焦渴的鲜花,从河川,从海洋带来清新的甘霖;我为绿叶披上淡淡的凉荫,当他们从我的翅膀上摇落露珠,去唤醒每一朵香甜的蓓蕾,当她们的母亲绕太阳旋舞时摇晃着使她们在怀里入睡。我挥动冰雹的连枷,把绿色的原野捶打得有如银装素裹,再用雨水把冰雪消溶,我轰然大笑,当我在雷声中走过。 V3:从海洋、从江河,我为焦渴的花朵,带来清新充沛的甘霖,我用凉荫遮蔽绿叶,当他们都息歇在中午午休时的梦境,我从翅膀摇落下露滴,去唤醒那些鲜嫩萌孽,甜美蓓蕾,当她们的母亲围绕太阳舞蹈着轻摇让她们贴着胸脯入睡。我挥动冰雹的连枷把绿色原野鞭挞,直到他有如银装素裹,再用雨水把冰溶掉;我有时轰然大笑,当我在雷鸣声中走过。I sift the snow on the mountains below,And their great pines groan aghast;And all the night 'tis my pillow white,While I sleep in the arms of the blast.Sublime on the towers of my skiey bowers,Lightning my pilot sits;In a cavern under is fettered the thunder,It struggles and howls at fits;Over earth and ocean, with gentle motion,This pilot is guiding me,Lured by the love of the genii that moveIn the depths of the purple sea;Over the rills, and the crags, and the hills,Over the lakes and the plains,Wherever he dream, under mountain or stream,The Spirit he loves remains;And I all the while bask in Heaven's blue smi
le,Whilst he is dissolving in rains.V1:我把雪筛落到一片山岭,老松都被压得呻吟;这是我的白枕头,一整夜我就睡在风暴的臂中。庄严地,在我的空中楼阁坐着电闪,我的向导;而霹雷锁在下面的穴中,不断地挣扎和嗥叫;这向导轻轻地引我走过陆地和海洋的上空,他恋于紫色海底的精怪,这恋情使得他游经多少小河、峋岩、湖水、平原!但无论他到哪里,他所爱的精灵仍旧留在山峰之下,或水底;蓝天的笑这时就照临我,而他却溶解成为雨。V2:我筛落雪花,洒遍下界的峰岭山峦,巨松因惊恐而呻吟呼唤;皑皑的积雪成为我通宵达旦的枕垫,当我在烈风抚抱下酣眠。在我那空中楼阁的塔堡上,端坐着庄严的闪电——我的双手,下面有个洞穴,雷霆在其中幽囚,发出一阵阵挣扎怒吼;越过大地,越过海洋,我的驱手轻柔地指引着我,紫色波涛深处的仙女,以她们的爱在把他的心诱惑;越过湖泊、河川、平原,越过山崖和连绵起伏的山岭,无论他向往何处,他所眷恋的精灵永远在山底、在水中;虽然他会在雨水中消溶,我却始终沐浴着天廷蓝色的笑容。V3:我筛落纷纷雪片,洒遍下界叠嶂重峦,大松树由于惊恐而呻唤,皑皑白雪松软,是我通宵达旦的枕垫,当我在烈风怀抱中入眠。在我空中楼阁之内,高高端坐着一位庄严的闪电,我的驭手,座下有洞窟一口,雷霆在其中幽囚,一阵阵挣扎着发出怒吼;越过海洋和陆地,这位驭手步履轻捷,温柔地引导我四处巡游。顺从在紫色波涛深心活跃着的精灵以她们的爱对他的引诱。越过湖泊、河川,越过尪岩、平原,越过连绵起伏的山峰,无论他梦在何处,他所眷恋的仙女永远在山底,在水中;虽然他会在雨水中消溶,我却始终淋浴天廷蓝色的笑容。The sanguine Sunrise, with his meteor eyes,And his burning plumes outspread,Leaps on the back of my sailing rack,When the morning star shines dead;As on the jag of a mountain crag,Which an earthquake rocks and swings,An eagle alit one moment may sitIn the light of its golden wings.And when Sunset may breathe, from the lit sea beneath,Its ardours of rest and of love,And the crimson pall of eve may fallFrom the depth of Heaven above,With wings folded I rest, on mine a?ry nest,As still as a brooding dove.V1:赤红的旭日揉亮了眼睛,又展开火焰的翅膀;当晨星熄灭了,它就跳在我飞行云雾的背上;好象在地震山摇的时候,峭壁上斜出一峰,一只鹰鹫会暂刻落在它的金臂的光辉中。当落日从明亮的海发出爱情与安息底情热,而黄昏的紫红帷幕也从天宇的
雪莱的短诗猫篇六
《雪莱的政治诗(Poems of Shelley)》
Ode to the West Wind
1、
O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being
Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead
Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,
Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,
Pestilence-stricken multitudes:O thou
Who chariltest to their dark wintry bed
The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,
Each like a corpse within its grave, until
Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow
Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill
(Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air)
With living hues and odors plain and hill:
Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;
Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh, hear!
2 、
Thou on whose stream, 'mid the steep sky's commotion,
Loose clouds like earth's decaying leaves are shedd,
Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean,
angels of rain and lightning:there are spread
On the blue surface of thine airy surge,
Like the bright hair uplifted from the head
Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge
Of the horizon to the Zenith's height,
The locks of the approaching storm.Thou dirge
Of the dying year, to which this closing night
Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre,
Vaulted with all thy congregated might
Of vapours, from whose solid atmosphere
Black rain, and fire , and hail will burst :oh, hear!
3 、
Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams
The blue Mediterranean, where he lay,
Lulled by the coil of his crystalline streams
Beside a pumice isle in Baiae's bay,
And saw in sleep old palaces and fowers
Quivering within the eave's intenser day,
All overgrown with azure moss and flowers
So sweet, the sense faints picturing them!Thou
For whose path the Atlantic's level powers
Cleave themselves into chasms, while far below
The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear
The sapless foliage of the ocean, know
Thy voice, and suddenly grow gray with fear,
And tremble and despoil themselves:oh, hear!
4 、
If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear;
If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee:
A wave to pant beneath thy power , and share
The impulse of thy strength, only less free
Than thou, O uncontrollable! If even
I were as im my boyhood, and could be
The comrade of thy wanderigs over Heaven,
As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speed
Scarce seem'd a vision; I would ne'er have striven
As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.
Oh, lift me as a wave , a leaf, a cloud!
I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!
A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed
One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.
5 、
Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is:
What if my leavers are falling like its own!
The tumult of thy mighty harmonies
Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone,
Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce,
My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!
Drive my dead thoughts over the universe
Like withered leaves to quicken a new birth!
And , by the incantation of this verse,
Scatter, is from an unextinguished hearth
Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!
Be through my lips to unawakened earth
The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind,
If Winter comes , can Spring be far behind?[1]
西风颂
1
哦,狂暴的西风,秋之生命的呼吸! 你无形,但枯死的落叶被你横扫,
有如鬼魅碰到了巫师,纷纷逃避:
黄的,黑的,灰的,红得像患肺痨, 呵,重染疫疠的一群:西风呵,是你
以车驾把有翼的种子催送到
黑暗的冬床上,它们就躺在那里, 像是墓中的死穴,冰冷,深藏,低贱,
直等到春天,你碧空的姊妹吹起
她的喇叭,在沉睡的大地上响遍,
(唤出嫩芽,象羊群一样,觅食空中) 将色和香充满了山峰和平原。
不羁的精灵呵,你无处不远行;
破坏者兼保护者:听吧,你且聆听!
2
没入你的急流,当高空一片混乱,
流云象大地的枯叶一样被撕扯
脱离天空和海洋的纠缠的枝干。
成为雨和电的使者:它们飘落 在你的磅礴之气的蔚蓝的波面,
有如狂女的飘扬的头发在闪烁,
从天穹的最遥远而模糊的边沿
直抵九霄的中天,到处都在摇曳
欲来雷雨的卷发,对濒死的一年
你唱出了葬歌,而这密集的黑夜
将成为它广大墓陵的一座圆顶, 里面正有你的万钧之力的凝结;
那是你的浑然之气,从它会迸涌
黑色的雨,冰雹和火焰:哦,你听!
3
是你,你将蓝色的地中海唤醒,
而它曾经昏睡了一整个夏天,
被澄澈水流的回旋催眠入梦,
就在巴亚海湾的一个浮石岛边,
它梦见了古老的宫殿和楼阁
在水天辉映的波影里抖颤,
而且都生满青苔、开满花朵,
那芬芳真迷人欲醉!呵,为了给你
让一条路,大西洋的汹涌的浪波
把自己向两边劈开,而深在渊底
那海洋中的花草和泥污的森林
虽然枝叶扶疏,却没有精力;
听到你的声音,它们已吓得发青:
一边颤栗,一边自动萎缩:哦,你听!
4
哎,假如我是一片枯叶被你浮起,
假如我是能和你飞跑的云雾,
是一个波浪,和你的威力同喘息,
假如我分有你的脉搏,仅仅不如
你那么自由,哦,无法约束的生命!
假如我能像在少年时,凌风而舞
便成了你的伴侣,悠游天空
(因为呵,那时候,要想追你上云霄,
似乎并非梦幻),我就不致像如今
这样焦躁地要和你争相祈祷。
哦,举起我吧,当我是水波、树叶、浮云!
我跌在生活底荆棘上,我流血了!
这被岁月的重轭所制服的生命
原是和你一样:骄傲、轻捷而不驯。
5
把我当作你的竖琴吧,有如树林:
尽管我的叶落了,那有什么关系!
你巨大的合奏所振起的音乐
将染有树林和我的深邃的秋意:
虽忧伤而甜蜜。呵,但愿你给予我
狂暴的精神!奋勇者呵,让我们合一!
请把我枯死的思想向世界吹落,
让它像枯叶一样促成新的生命!
哦,请听从这一篇符咒似的诗歌,
就把我的话语,像是灰烬和火星
从还未熄灭的炉火向人间播散!
让预言的喇叭通过我的嘴唇
把昏睡的大地唤醒吧!要是冬天
已经来了,西风呵,春日怎能遥远?
1819年
查良铮 译
《致英格兰人的歌》 SONG TO THE MEN OF ENGLAND [英] 雪莱 英格兰人哪,为什么耕耘- Men of England, wherefore plough
为那些压迫你们的主人? For the lords who lay ye low?
为什么辛勤、小心地编织- Wherefore weave with toil and care
暴君们穿着的华丽服饰? Therich robes your tyrants wear?
为什么供衣食,又供徭差, Wherefore feed, and clothe, and save,
从摇篮一直伺候到坟台? From the cradle to the grave,
雄蜂们从来就忘恩负义, Those ungrateful drones who would 榨尽你们汗水,喝干血滴! Drain your sweat-nay, drink your blood?
英格兰的工蜂何以打造- Wherefore Bees of England, forge
大量的武器、刑具和镣铐? Many a weapon, chain, and scourge,
雪莱的短诗猫篇七
《Byron&Shelly 拜伦,雪莱及诗歌》
雪莱的短诗猫篇八
《雪莱经典英语诗歌选集》
雪莱经典英语诗歌选集:To —致—
Oh! there are spirits of the air,
哦,天地间有大气的精灵,
And genii of the evening breeze,
有儒雅而斯文的鬼魅,
And gentle ghosts, with eyes as fair
有吹拂晚风的仙妖,眼睛
As star-beams among twilight trees: —
像黄昏林间星光一样美。
Such lovely ministers to meet
去会见这些可爱的灵物,
Oft hast thou turned from men thy lonely feet. 你常踽踽而行,离群独步。
With mountain winds, and babbling springs, 和山间的清风与淙淙流泉,
And moonlight seas, that are the voice 和月下的海洋,和这类
Of these inexplicable things,
不可理解事物的喉舌交谈,
Thou didst hold commune, and rejoice 得到一声应答便感欣慰。
When they did answer thee; but they
然而,像摒弃廉价的礼品,
Cast, like a worthless boon, thy love away. 它们却摒弃你奉献的爱情。
And thou hast sought in starry eyes
你又在明亮如星的眼睛里
Beams that were never meant for thine, 搜寻并非为你发的光辉——
Another's wealth: — tame sacrifice
那财富另有所归;妄想的
To a fond faith! still dost thou pine?
牺牲!仍在为相思憔悴?
Still dost thou hope that greeting hands, 仍在期望热情相迎的双手、
Voice, looks, or lips, may answer thy demands? 音容和唇吻满足你的企求?
Ah! wherefore didst thou build thine hope 啊,为什么要把希望建立
On the false earth's inconstancy?
在虚伪世界的无常之上?
Did thine own mind afford no scope
难道你的心灵就不能留些
Of love, or moving thoughts to thee?
余地给爱和动人的思想?
That natural scenes or human smiles
以致自然的景色人的颦笑
Could steal the power to wind thee in their wiles? 竟能使你落入它们的圈套。
Yes, all the faithless smiles are fled
是啊,不贞的笑已经消失,
Whose falsehood left thee broken-hearted; 它们的虚伪已使你心碎;
The glory of the moon is dead;
明月的华光已死,黑夜的
Night's ghosts and dreams have now departed; 梦和鬼魅也都远走高飞;
Thine own soul still is true to thee,
你的灵魂,仍然忠实于你,
But changed to a foul fiend through misery. 但是历尽酸辛已化为厉鬼。
This fiend, whose ghastly presence ever 这厉鬼将以它的恐怖永远
Beside thee like thy shadow hangs, 像影子伴随着你,切勿
Dream not to chase; —the mad endeavour 梦想驱除:这疯狂的愚念
Would scourge thee to severer pangs. 会陷你于更难堪的痛苦。
Be as thou art. Thy settled fate,
安份吧既定的命运虽阴暗,
Dark as it is, all change would aggravate. 改变却只会加深你的灾难。
雪莱的短诗猫篇九
《论雪莱诗论之想象》
雪莱的短诗猫篇十
《雪莱的诗歌灵魂》
诗苑纵
横
雪莱的诗歌灵魂
宁志敏
英国浪漫主义诗人雪莱不仅创作出大量不朽诗篇,还留下了论述诗学的重要文献5诗之辩护6,阐述了诗歌创作中想象的作用、诗人的使命和素质。透过他的作品,看到诗人的伟大人格。
的差别都是可以变动的,其变动并不损其为诗。就此而言,雪莱的地位与威廉#布莱克不相上下,而且与现今的/原型说0批评流派异曲同工。不仅如此,雪莱把/诗人0的外延拓展到一切不为时代、疆域所限,近乎终极的、普遍波西#彼希#雪莱是浪漫主义时期英国最伟大的诗人之一。在他短暂的一生中,他写了许多歌唱大自然、赞美爱情、揭露黑暗、抨击暴政,号召和鼓励人民拿起武器,反抗统治阶级剥削和压迫的战斗诗篇。他还根据自己丰富的创作经验写出5诗之辩护6,不仅提出独到的诗歌创作理论,也是诗人伟大人格的写照。
雪莱的诗歌,如同他的散文一样,体现出这位敏感、尖锐地捕捉、体验、领悟一切美好的东西的诗人的高贵天性。他热忱地呼吁人类自由地感觉、自由地生活、自由地爱、享受造化的赐予,享受大自然一切馈赠的权利。他不倦的竖琴所拨奏的、他无悔的心灵所歌唱的永远是使人类纯洁、尊贵的爱。
一、想象的作用
雪莱的美学思想主要反映在他的理论著作5诗辩6里。1820年,诗人的好友托马斯#腊乌#皮考克发表了一篇讽刺性散文5诗的四个时期6,矛头隐隐指向当时的浪漫主义诗人们所敬奉尊崇的诗歌和诗意想象,认为在科学与技术的时代里,诗只是不合时宜的无用的东西。由于皮考克本人是诗人,同时又是雪莱同时代著名的讽刺散文作家。雪莱读懂了皮考克的意图,经过理性的思考与对美学的深刻探讨之后,他写下了5诗辩6。根据雪莱本人的构想,
5诗辩6分为三部分,论及诗歌的起源、诗歌的历史
及诗歌现状。由于诗人英年早逝,后两部分没有完成。在英国文学史上,
5诗辩6一直被看做是文学批评的经典之
作。本世纪来,这篇论著的影响力随着新学派新理论的出现虽然有所下降,但在文学批评史上,它的地位仍是不可替代的。
雪莱在5诗辩6中把诗定义为想象的表现,明确地指出了诗的创作活动的特质在于想象。所谓想象就是按照诗人的理想来美化现实,展示未来,也就是将生活理想化。通过诗歌使人们窥见到人生中的神奇,充满对美好未来的憧憬,但这要以生活真实为根基,以现实为基础,不能凭空捏造。雪莱强调了一切伟大的诗篇作为想象的产物所共同具有的、普遍的、永恒的形式、性质与价值。对于最高层次的诗歌来说,表时态的语法形式、人称的区分、地点
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的价值形式的所有创造性心灵。诗人/不再仅仅是韵体文作家、散文作家,还包括了艺术家、制法者、先知以及社会、道德、宗教等新兴机构的创始人0。
诗既反映现实又不拘泥于事实,而要反映充满着理想的现实,诗表现理想但以后不沉溺幻想,而是表现植根于现实的理想。想象要求诗人按时代精神来塑造生动感人的艺术形象。通过想象,诗所表现的社会或自然比其本来面目更真、更善、更美。
雪莱认为:/如果诗人把他自己往往受时空限制的是非观念,具体表现在不受时空限制的诗创作,他便犯了错误。0在雪莱看来,诗人只有把他的思想感情,通过想象,熔铸到活生生的艺术形象中,才能更深切地感染读者,潜移默化,产生更强烈的艺术效果,而不能用某种是非观念
或道德目的来规定或束缚时的想象,也不能把时间但直接地变成阐释某种观念的图解或达到某种目的的手段。富于想象就是要求使人具有最细微的感受性和最博大的想象力,诗人的政治倾向、思想认识、道德修养、审美能力决定着他的作品价值。
雪莱说:/诗使万象化成美丽,它使最美丽的东西愈见其美,它是最丑陋的东西添上了美。0诗是现实中真善美的集中表现。诗要宣传美德善行,要创造美丽人生。诗人要凭借自己的感受和想象,揭去现实世界的丑恶,展示未来社会的美好,从而创造出一个理想的境界,让人们在平凡的现实中窥见人生的神奇。
雪莱认为:/诗是最快乐最善良的心灵中最快乐最完善的瞬间的记录。0在他的爱情诗篇中所表达的恋情,是心灵与心灵最高境界的自然沟通与融汇。是追求真诚、崇高的心灵的沟通与和谐,并且闪着理想、乐观和希望的光泽。
二、对自然的态度与无神论思想
像/湖畔派0诗人一样,雪莱热衷于描绘大自然,他笔下的大自然往往是有灵性的。雪菜赋予它以意识,把人的特性移到自然身上,这可以用现代语言学中的/隐喻论0得以语言认知方面的合理解释。他通过描述大自然的诗,谱写了一曲/自然精神0的颂歌,宣称整个宇宙都是/自然精神的神殿0。
他的哲学论文5无神论的必然性6曾使他被牛津大学除名,在此论文中雪莱就已经断言,由于没有任何经验可以证明神的存在,因此神事实上是不存在的。在5论来世6中,雪莱发展了同一思想,任务对彼岸世界的期望是徒劳的,他认为物质之外没有另一个世界。在5形而上学沉思录6中,他又强调了物质和意识的统一。
极细微的神经所推动的微微可以感到的激动,人脑中所产生的,几乎不可捉摸的微微可以觉出的念头,一切,一切都是统治着的大自然伟大的链条上的环节。
(一)诗人的使命
雪莱生于1972年,出身于英国贵族之家。然而,年轻的雪莱,怀着对人生的意义与使命、宇宙的起源、认识的从中汲取巨大力量,激励着人们去斗争,在宪章运动中成为广大工人的战歌。他的诗正是唤醒人民、号召人民为自由和平等而战的檄文。
(二)诗人的素质
雪莱认为:/一个诗人既然是给别人写出最高的智慧、快乐、德行与光荣的作者,其本人就应该是最快乐、最善良、最聪明和最显赫的人。0做最快乐的人、一个善良的人就必须设身于旁人和众人的地位上,把同胞的苦乐当做自己的苦乐。雪莱本人正是具有这样的善良之心也赢得了劳动人民的热爱。他出身于贵族家庭,生活优裕,而他宁愿失去继承财产的权利,为广大的劳动人民振臂疾呼,追求自由与平等的社会,因为诗人了解人民的疾苦,同情劳界线与可能性的独到探求,走上了一条叛逆者之路。1810年在给好友霍格的信中,雪莱写道:/人类是平等的。我相信,在更高更完善的社会状态下将达到平等,,你的忠实的朋友正献出自己的全部力量,全部微薄的资财给这个事业。0在5柯利修姆遗址65刺客6中,诗人作为预言家与天才的幻想家,看到了当时还朦胧模糊的未来的萌芽,勾勒出一幅人与人之间充满信任、友爱、和谐的复兴的人类的灿烂固景。
雪莱认为,诗人是/法律的制定者,文明社会的创立者,人生百艺的发明者,更是美与真的导师0。雪莱既承认时代对诗人的客观作用,又肯定诗人对时代的主观能动作用。在雪莱看来,
/诗人,在某一意义上是其时代的创
造者,在其另一意义上也是其时代的创造物,哲学家、画家、雕塑家、音乐家,莫不如此。0/一个诗人,乃是规定人性的内在能力与技法和支持这些能力的外在影响两者结合的成果;他不是独得其一,而是兼备两者。0诗人的内在动力,一旦受到外在影响的激发和支持,就会反作用于外在世界,变为感化人心、改造世界的能动力量。雪莱正是具有这种诗人的素质,他的诗能充分表现时代的精神,字里行间都燃烧着/电火似的生命0;成为鼓舞人们投入斗争的战歌和号角。雪莱说:/在一个伟大民族觉醒起来为实现思想上或制度上的又一改革而奋斗当中,诗人生就是一个最可靠的先驱、伙伴和追随者。0雪莱在他短促的一生中,忠实地履行着诗人的社会职责,它19岁时曾赴爱尔兰,投身于那里的民族解放运动。回国后写5仙后麦布6而招致英国反动统治阶级的仇恨和迫害,他不得不永远离开祖国。在离开英国前,他发表了5伊斯兰的起义6,热情地歌颂了法国资产阶级革命,预示反动阶级必然灭亡,批判普遍蔓延的悲观情绪。居留意大利期间,雪莱用诗歌表示了他对西班牙、意大利和希腊等地革命斗争的坚决支持。他虽然侨居国外,但仍时刻关注着国内的工人运动,彼得卢的大屠杀使诗人怒火中烧,他愤然命笔,一连写了六七篇政治诗,揭露反动统治阶级的罪恶行径,号召人民起来斗争。其中5致英国人之歌6这首诗引起了英国反动统治阶级的恐慌和仇视,下令禁止出版发行。但无法封锁住真理的声音,广大劳动人民喜爱这首诗,人们争相传诵,
动人民的处境,而同情心源于他对人民的热爱。他跳出/自我0小圈子,与天地并存,与万物合一,对于一切罪恶行为满怀义愤,他富于反抗和斗争精神,嫉恶如仇,痛恨一切不平等的社会现象,憧憬自由、平等、幸福的新社会。最聪明的人是应该能够明察现在,勇于创新、预见未来,通晓生活的/永恒真理0、为真理无所畏惧的人。雪莱在诗歌里塑造了许多与社会对立的叛逆性格,表达他反对封建专制、反对教会反动统治的思想情绪。如5爱尔兰人之歌65奥希曼迭斯65致英国人之歌65起来,像睡狮的雄狮6。在5解放了的普罗米修斯6一诗里,既描写被压迫人民的苦难)))饥饿、贫困、奴役;又指出一切暴君的必然下场,预示/伟大时代在世界重现,黄金岁月再来0。未来是一个没有阶级、没有压迫,有爱、有正义、有理性的社会。马克思说:/雪莱是一个彻头彻尾的革命者,而且会永远是社会主义先锋队里的一分子。0恩格斯也称雪莱为/天才的预言家0。在5西风颂6中,雪莱如预言家,借助西风呼喊出灵魂深处的痛苦,表达他渴望幸福的迫切心情,把自己的激扬情绪传遍世界的每一个角落,预言美好的社会必将到来。
雪莱的诗歌理论是对古典文艺理论的革新,在当时的浪漫主义思潮中占有重要地位。尽管他的诗歌理论中有唯心主义的成分,但他的思想还是以唯物主义为主流。他是一位有着敏锐观察力和洞察力的思想家。他躬行实践,为劳苦大众而呼喊,为自由和理想而拼搏。他的伟大诗作和诗歌理论是全人类的宝贵财富。
[参考文献]
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[2]章安祺.试论雪莱的文艺思想[J].中国人民大学学报,1991
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[3]刘若瑞.十九世纪英国诗人论诗[M].北京:人民文学出版社,1984.[作者简介]
宁志敏(1963)),女,硕士,上海电力学院外语系副教授,研究方
向为英美文学。
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