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职称英语完形填空the difference between man and computer篇一：职称英语综合类完形填空第七篇The Difference between Man and Computer逐句翻译
The Difference between Man and Computer 人与电脑的区别
What makes people different from computer programs? 是什么让人有别于电脑程序？ What is the missing element that our theories don't yet account for? 我们的理论还没有解释的缺少的要素是什么？The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about what they are interested in. 答案很简单：人们阅读报纸故事为了学习更多他们感兴趣的东西，Computers, on the other hand, don't. 而电脑不是。 In fact, computers don't even have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. 事实上，电脑甚至连兴趣都没有，当它们试图阅读时它们没有寻找任何特别的东西。If a computer program is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a "purpose".如果一个电脑程序是理解故事模式，那它也是为了某个意图去阅读。
Of course, people have several goals that do not make sense to attribute to computers'. 当然人也有目标，但这些目标若被归在电脑身上便不合逻辑了”。One might read a restaurant guide in order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to find a good place to go for a business lunch. 一个人可能会读就餐指南，只是为了解决饥饿或是有娱乐目
的，也可能是为了寻找一个吃商务餐的好地方。Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches. 电脑不会饿，也不吃商务餐。
However, these physiological and social goals give rise to several intellectual or cogntive goals. 然而，这些心理和社会目标会导致一些智力或者认知目标。A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find information about the name ofa restaurant which serves the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is, the location of the restaurant, etc. 一个想要解决饥饿的意图会促使这样的念头产生：找到一个提供我们想要的食物的餐厅，这餐厅叫什么名，价位如何，在什么位置等。 These are goals to acquire information or knowledge, what we are calling learning goals. 我们把这些为了获取信息或者知识的目标叫做学习目标。 These goals can be held by computers too;a computer might “want" to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so in the same way as a person might. 电脑也能有这些目标；一台电脑也许“想要”寻找餐厅的方位，并且为了做得像一个人一样去阅读一个指南。While such a goal would not arise out of hunger in the case of the computer, it might well arise out of the "goal" to learn more abou trestaurants. 虽然这样的目标就电脑来说不是产生于饥饿，但电脑很可能
从这个目标去获得更多关于餐厅的信息。
注释：
1．，，．attribute to computers„：„„把„„归于电脑，归属于电脑„
2．．．．in the case of computer„：„„对于电脑来说„„ 练习： 1. A) express B) explain C) account D) count
2. A) why B) how C) what D) when
3. A) once B) even C) ever D) often
4. A) program B) instruction C) system D) function
5. A) success B) sense C) scene D) point
6．A) of B) or C) in D) and
7. A) find B) search C) look D) watch
8. A) way B) play C) rise D) birth
9. A) place B) food C) reference D) information
10. A) orders B) sells C) supports D) serves
11. A) acquire B) ask C) require D) consult
12. A) understanding B) learning C) knowledge
D) awareness
13. A) could B) might C) should D) would
14. A) as B) on C) by D) in
15. A) arise B) rise C) consent D) derive 答案与题解： 1．C此处考查对固定搭配的掌握情况，只有account能与for搭配，
意为“解释”，其他三个选项的词都是及物动词，不与介词搭配。 2．C分析全句，此处应填一个宾语从句的引导词，从句中缺少宾语，故应填what，此句意为“去了解他们所感兴趣的东西”，其他三个选项均为关系副词，不能充当从句中的宾语。 3．B此处选even加强语气，“事实上，电脑甚至都没有兴趣”。 4．A computer program是常见搭配，意为“电脑程序”，其他选项与句意不符，故排除。 5．B make sense是固定搭配，意思是“有道理，合理，能被理解”。整句的意思为“当然人也有目标，但这些目标若被归在电脑身上便不合逻辑了”。 6．C in order to是固定搭配，表示目的，意为“为了„„”，故选C。 7．A结合上下文我们得知，此处应填具有“寻找”含义的词，watch没有此含义，首先被排除，C选项后若加上for，便符合文义，search有“搜寻，查找”的含义，但一般指深入彻底地调查，只有A选项find在含义和语气上都符合句意。 8．C从下一句便可找到答案为C选项，give rise to意为“引起，导致，使发生”。 9．D选择D意为“找到关于餐馆名字的信息”，其他选项放此处均不合适。 10.D此处需填一个谓语动词，因此要搞清主语
“餐馆”与宾语“食物”之间的关系，只有“餐馆供应食物”合乎逻辑，故答案为serve。 11.A上文提到了种种人生理的、智力上的、认知的目标，因为饿得
到了有关餐馆的信息，因而此处要填“获取”，B，C，D与文意不符。 12.B此空依然承接上文的意思，那些目标都是获取信息的目标，都是学习的目标，答案为B选项。 13.B此处缺一个情态动词，阅读到后半句时便很容易选出答案，此处的might与后面as aperson might相呼应，表示不确定的推测，意为“可能，也许”。 14.D能与way搭配的介词一般只有in，表示“以„„方式”，此处的含义为“与一个人可能想要做事的方式相同”。 15.Aarise out of是固定搭配，意为“起子„„”，即使不知道短语的含义，看到后面又出现一次arise out of，也应可以选出答案。
职称英语完形填空the difference between man and computer篇二：第六题完形填空第七篇The Difference between Man and Computer
第六题完形填空第七篇The Difference between Man and Computer 人与电脑的区别
What makes people different from computer programs? 是什么让人有别于电脑程序？ What is the missing element that ourtheories don't yet (1 C) account )——for? 我们的理论还没有解释的缺少的要素是什么？
1. A) express B) explain C) account D) count
C此处考查对固定搭配的掌握情况，只有account能与for搭配，意为“解释”，其他三个选项的词都是及物动词，不与介词搭配。
The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for areason: to leam more about (2 C) what )——they are interested in. 答案很简单：人们阅读报纸故事为了学习更多他们感兴趣的东西，而电脑不是。
2. A) why B) how C) what D) when
2．C分析全句，此处应填一个宾语从句的引导词，从句中缺少宾语，故应填what，此句意为“去了解他们所感兴趣的东西”，其他三个选项均为关系副词，不能充当从句中的宾语。
Computers, on the other hand,don't. In fact, computers don't (3
B) even )——have interests; there is nothing in particular that
theyare trying to find out when they read. 事实上，电脑甚至连兴趣都没有，当它们试图阅读时它们没有寻找任何特别的东西。
3. A) once B) even C) ever D) often
3．B此处选even加强语气，“事实上，电脑甚至都没有兴趣”。
If a computer (4 A) program )—__is to be a model of storyunderstanding, it should also read for a"purpose".如果一个电脑程序是理解故事模式，那它也是为了某个意图去阅读。
4. A) program B) instruction C) system D) function
4．A computer program是常见搭配，意为“电脑程序”，其他选项与句意不符，故排除。
Of course, people have several goals that do not make (-5 B) sense )____to attribute tocomputers'. 诚然，人类的意图若是被强加到电脑身上便没有任何意义。
5. A) success B) sense C) scene D) point
5．B make sense是固定搭配，意思是“有道理，合理，能被理解”。整句的意思为“当然人也有目标，但这些目标若被归在电脑身上便不合逻辑了”。
One might read arestaurant guide (6 C) in )一 order to satisfy hunger orentertainment goals, or to (7 A) find )——a good place
to go for a business lunch. 一个人可能会读就餐指南，只是为了解决饥饿或是有娱乐目的，也可能是为了寻找一个吃商务餐的好地方。
6．A) of B) or C) in D) and
6．C in order to是固定搭配，表示目的，意为“为了……”，故选C。
7. A) find B) search C) look D) watch
7．A结合上下文我们得知，此处应填具有“寻找”含义的词，watch没有此含义，首先被排除，C选项后若加上for，便符合文义，search有“搜寻，查找”的含义，但一般指深入彻底地调查，只有A选项find在含义和语气上都符合句意。
Computers do notget hungry, and computers do not have business lunches. 电脑不会饿，也不吃商务餐。
However, these physiological and social goals give (8 C) rise )____to several intellectual orcogmtive goals. 然而，这些心理和社会目标会导致一些智力或者认知目标。
8. A) way B) play C) rise D) birth
8．C从下一句便可找到答案为C选项，give rise to意为“引起，导致，使发生”。
A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find (9 D) information)____about the name ofa restaurant which (10 D) serves)——the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant
is, thelocation of the restaurant, etc. 一个想要解决饥饿的意图会促使这样的念头产生：找到一个提供我们想要的食物的餐厅，这餐厅叫什么名，价位如何，在什么位置等。9. A) place B) food C) reference D) information
9．D选择D意为“找到关于餐馆名字的信息”，其他选项放此处均不合适。
10. A) orders B) sells C) supports D) serves
10.D此处需填一个谓语动词，因此要搞清主语“餐馆”与宾语“食物”之间的关系，只有“餐馆供应食物”合乎逻辑，故答案为serve。
These are goals to (11 A) acquire )——information or knowledge, whatwe are calling (12 B) learning )——goals. 我们把这些为了获取信息或者知识的目标叫做学习目标。
11. A) acquire B) ask C) require D) consult
11.A上文提到了种种人生理的、智力上的、认知的目标，因为饿得到了有关餐馆的信息，因而此处要填“获取”，B，C，D与文意不符。
12. A) understanding B) learning C) knowledge D) awareness
12.B此空依然承接上文的意思，那些目标都是获取信息的目标，都是学习的目标，答案为B选项。
These goals can be held by computers too;a computer (13 B) might )“want" to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so (14 D) in)——the same way as a person
might. 电脑也能有这些目标；一台电脑也许“想要”寻找餐厅的方位，并且为了做得像一个人一样去阅读一个指南。
13. A) could B) might C) should D) would
13.B此处缺一个情态动词，阅读到后半句时便很容易选出答案，此处的might与后面as aperson might相呼应，表示不确定的推测，意为“可能，也许”。
14. A) as B) on C) by D) in1．
14.D能与way搭配的介词一般只有in，表示“以……方式”，此处的含义为“与一个人可能想要做事的方式相同”。
While such a goal would not (15 A) arise )____out ofhunger in the case of the computer2, it might well arise out of the "goal" to learn more aboutrestaurants. 虽然这样的目标就电脑来说不是产生于饥饿，但电脑很可能从这个目标去获得更多关于餐厅的信息。15. A) arise B) rise C) consent D) derive
15.Aarise out of是固定搭配，意为“起子……”，即使不知道短语的含义，看到后面又出现一次arise out of，也应可以选出答案。
第七篇 人与电脑的区别
是什么让人有别于电脑程序？我们的理论还没有解释的缺少的要素是什么？答案很简单：
职称英语完形填空the difference between man and computer篇三：2014年职称英语完形填空cloze
The Difference between Man and Computer
What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories don’t yet account for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about what they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand, don't. In fact, computers don't even have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer program is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a "purpose".
Of course, people have several goals that do not make sense to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide in order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to find a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.
However, these physiological and social goals give rise to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find information about the name of a restaurant which serves the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is, the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to acquire information or knowledge, what we are calling learning goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer might "want" to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so in the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not arise out of hunger in the case of the computer, it might well arise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants.
Look on The Bright Side
Do you ever wish you were more optimistic, someone who always excepted to be successful? Having someone around who always fears the worst isn’t really a lot of fun. We all know someone who sees a single cloud on a sunny day and says, "It looks like rain." But if you catch yourself thinking such things, it's important to do something about it.
You can change your view of life, according to psychologists. It only takes a little effort, and you'll find life more rewarding as a result. Optimism, they say, is partly about self-respect and confidence but it's also a more positive way of looking at life and all it has to offer. Optimists are more likely to start new projects and are generally more prepared to take risks.
Upbringing is obviously very important in forming your attitude to the world. Some people are brought up to depend too much on others and grow up forever blaming other people when anything goes wrong. Most optimists, on the other hand, have been brought up not to regard failure as the end of the world—they just get on with their lives.
The First Bicycle
The history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years. In 1791, Count de Sivrac delighted onlookers in a park in Paris as he showed off his two-wheeled invention, a machine called the celeriferé. It was basically an enlarged version of a children’s toy which had been in use for many years. Sivrac's "celeriferé" had a wooden frame, made in the shape of a horse, which was mounted on a wheel at either end. To ride it, you sat on a small seat, just like a modem bicycle, and pushed hard against the ground with your legs—there were no pedals. It was impossible to steer a celeriferé and it had no brakes, but despite these problems the invention very much appealed to the fashionable young men of Paris. Soon they were holding races up and down the streets. Minor injuries were common as riders attempted a final burst of speed. Controlling the machine was difficult, as the only way to change direction was to pull up the front of the "celeriferé" and turn it round while the front wheel was spinning in the air. "Celeriferés" were not popular for long, however, as the combination of no springs, no steering and rough roads made riding them very uncomfortable. Even so, the wooden celeriferé was the origin of the modem bicycle.
Working Mothers
Carefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems, compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. My personal view is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or not, there are a number of mothers who just have to work. There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot afford to see it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economic necessity. Many mothers are not cut out to be full-time parents. After a few months at home with a much loved infant, they feel trapped and isolated.
There are a number of options when it comes to choosing childcare. These range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady across the street. In reality, however, many parents don't have any choice; they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared! No matter how good the childcare may be, some children are going to protest wildly if they are left. This is a perfectly normal stage of child development. Babies separate well in the first six months, but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family members. Make sure that in the first week you allow plenty of time to help your child settle in.
All children are different. Some are independent, while others are more attached to their mothers. Remember that if you want to do the best for your children, it's not the quantity of time you spend with them, it's the quality that matters.
Teaching and learning
Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned with brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is responsible for learning the material assigned. When research is assigned, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance. It is the student's responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain how a university library works; they expect students particularly graduate students to exhaust the reference sources in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but prefer that their students should not be too dependent on them. In the United States professors have many other duties besides teaching, such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either approach a professor during office hours or make an appointment.
职称英语完形填空the difference between man and computer篇四：2012年职称英语完形填空整理版
*
第七篇 The Difference between Man and Computer
What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories don’t yet (1) account for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about (2) what they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand， don't. In fact，computers don't (3) even have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer (4) program_is to be a model of story understanding ，it should also read for a "purpose".
Of course ，people have several goals that do not make (5)sense_ to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide (6) in_order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to (7) find_a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.
However ，these physiological and social goals give (8) rise to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find (9) information_ about the name of a restaurant which (10) serves the desired type of food ，how expensive the restaurant is，the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to (11) acquire information or knowledge, what we are calling (12) _learning_ goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer (13) might "want" to find out the location of a restaurant ，and read a guide in order to do so (14) in the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not (15) arise_out of hunger in the case of the computer，it might well arise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants. *第八篇 Look on The Bright Side
Do you ever wish you were more optimistic, someone who always (1) expected_ to be successful? Having someone around who always (2) fears the worst isn’t really a lot of (3) fun . We all know someone who sees a single cloud on a sunny day and says ，"INooks ( 4 ) like rain. " But if you catch yourself thinking such things，it's important to do something (5) about_ it.
You can change your view of life ，(6) according_to psychologists. It only takes a little effort ，and you'll find life more rewarding as a (7) result_. Optimism，they say，is partly about self-respect and confidence but it's also a more positive way of looking at life and all it has to (8) offer_. Optimists are more (9) likely_ to start new projects and are generally more prepared to take risks.
Upbringing is obviously very important in forming your (10) attitude_to the world. Some people are brought up to (11) depend_too much on others and grow up forever blaming other people when anything (12) goes_wrong. Most optimists，on the (13 )other_ hand, have been brought up not to (14) regard_failure as the end of the world—they just (15) get on_ with their lives.
*第九篇 The First Bicycle
The history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years. In 1791，Count de Sivrac (1) delighted_onlookers in a park in Paris as he showed off his two-wheeled invention ，a machine called the celeriferé. It was basically an (2) enlarged_version of a children’s toy which had been in (3) use for many years. Sivrac's "celeriferé had a wooden frame，made in the (4) shape_ of a horse ，which was mounted on a wheel at either end. To ride it ，you sat on a small seat ，just like a modem bicycle ，and pushed (5) hard_ against the (6) ground with your legs—there were no pedals. It was impossible to steer a celeriferé and it had no brakes，but despite these problems the invention very much (7) appealed_to the fashionable young men of Paris. Soon they were (8) holding_ races up and down the streets.
Minor (9) injuries_were common as riders attempted a final burst of ( 10 ) speed . Controlling the machine was difficult ，as the only way to change (11) direction was to pull up the front of the "celeriferé" and (12) turn it round while the front wheel was (13) spinning in the air. "Celeriferés" were not popular for long ，however ，as the (14) combination of no springs ，no steering and rough roads made riding them very uncomfortable. Even so，the wooden celeriferé was the (15) origin of the modem bicycle. *第十篇 Working Mothers
Carefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems，compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. My personal (1) view is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or not ，there are a (2) number of mothers who just have to work.. There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot (3) afford_see it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economic (4) necessity. Many mothers are not (5) cut out to be full-time parents. After a few months at home with a much loved infant ，they feel trapped and isolated.
There are a number of options when it (6) comes to choosing childcare. These range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady (7) across the street. (8) In reality, however ，many parents don't have any choice; they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared! No (9) matter_ how good the childcare may be ，some children are going to protest wildly if they are left. This is a (10)perfectly_ normal stage of child development. Babies separate well in the first six months，but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family (11) memebers . Make sure that in the first week you allow (12)plenty of time to help your child settle in.
All children are different. Some are independent ，while others are more (13)attached to their mothers. Remember that if you want to(14) do the best for your children ，it's not the quantity of time you spend with them，it's the (15)quality that matters. *
第十一篇
Virtual Driver Driving involves sharp eyes and keen ears，analyzing with a brain，and coordination between hands，feet and brain. A man has sharp eyes and keen
ears，analyzes through his brain，and maintains coordination between his hands and brains. He can control a fast-moving car with different parts of his body. ，but there is in fact a virtual driver1. This virtual driver has eyes，brains，hands and feet too. The minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right. If you open the boot，is the brain of the car .The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at2, analyzing their position on the road, choosing the right path, and giving orders to the wheel and the control system.
In comparison with the human brain, the virtual driver's best advantage is that it reacts quickly. (3) It completes the processing of the images sent by the take action.
With its rapid reaction and accurate control，the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably. In this case, is it possible for us to let it have the wheel3 at any time and in any place?（4）can now only travel on expressways.
The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. (5）__ high hopes about driverless cars， and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like5.
第六篇 Teaching and learning
Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of(3) not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is need it, that their students should not be on them. In the United Stats professors have many other duties ， such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class has problems with classroom work , the student should either during office hours or make an appointment.
职称英语完形填空the difference between man and computer篇五：The Difference between Man and Computer
第二篇
The Difference between Man and Computer
What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand, don't. In fact, computers have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a "purpose".
to
attribute
to
computers1．Onemight read a restaurant guide (6) order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.
goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find the name of a restaurant which (10) the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is, the location of the restaurant, etc. These are information or knowledge, what we are calling (12) "want" to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not 2, it might well arise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants.
词汇：
element /elimənt/ n．元素，成分，要素 entertainment /,entə'teinmənt/n．娱乐，消遣 physiological/,fiziəlɔdʒikəl/ adj．生理学的，生理的
intellectual /, intə'lektjuəl/ adj．智力的，聪明的 cognitive/'kɔgnitiv/ adj．认知的，认识上的 注释：
1．…attribute to computers…：……把……归于电脑，归属于电脑…… 2．…in the case of computer…：……对于电脑来说…… 练习：
1．A 2．A 3．A 4．A 5．A 6．A 7．A 8．A 9．A
express B explain why once
C account D count D when D often
B how C what
C ever C system C scene C in
B even
B instruction B sense
program success
D function
D point D and D watch
of B or find
B search
C look
way place
B play C rise D birth C reference D information C supports D serves
D consult
D awareness
B food
10．A orders B sells
11．A acquire B ask C require 12．A understanding 13．A could
B learning
C knowledge C should
B might D would
14．A as B on 15．A arise 答案与题解：
C by D in
B rise C consent D derive
1．C此处考查对固定搭配的掌握情况，只有 account 能与 for 搭配，意为“解释”，其他三个 选项的词都是及物动词，不与介词搭配。
2．C分析全句，此处应填一个宾语从句的引导词，从句中缺少宾语，故应填 what，此句意 为“去了解他们所感兴趣的东西”，其他三个选项均为关系副词，不能充当从句中的宾语。
3．B 4．A 5．B
此处选 even 加强语气，“事实上，电脑甚至都没有兴趣”。
computer program 是常见搭配，意为“电脑程序”，其他选项与句意不符，故排除。
make sense 是固定搭配，意思是“有道理，合理，能被理解”。整句的意思为“当然人也有目标，
但这些目标若被归在电脑身上便不合逻辑了”。
6．C 7．A
in order to 是固定搭配，表示目的，意为“为了……”，故选 C。
结合上下文我们得知，此处应填具有“寻找”含义的词，watch 没有此含义，首先被排除，C 选
项后若加上 for，便符合文义，search 有“搜寻，查找”的含义，但一般指深人彻底地调查，只有 A 选项 find 在含义和语气上都符合句意。
8．C
从下一句便可找到答案为 C 选项，give rise to 意为“引起，导致，使发生”。
9．D 选择 D 意为“找到关于餐馆名字的信息”，其他选项放此处均不合适。
10．D 此处需填一个谓语动词，因此要搞清主语“餐馆”与宾语“食物”之间的关系，只有“餐馆供应食物”合乎逻辑，故答案为 serve。
11．A 上文提到了种种人生理的、智力上的、认知的目标，因为饿得到了有关餐馆的信息， 因而此处要填“获取”，B, C, D 与文意不符。
12．B 此空依然承接上文的意思，那些目标都是获取信息的目标，都是学习的目标，答案为 B选项。 13．B 此处缺一个情态动词，阅读到后半句时便很容易选出答案，此处的 might 与后面 as a person might 相呼应，表示不确定的推测，意为“可能，也许”。
14．D 能与 way 搭配的介词一般只有 in，表示“以……方式”，此处的含义为“与一个人可能 想要做事的方式相同”。
15．A arise out of 是固定搭配，意为“起于……”，即使不知道短语的含义，看到后面又出现 一次 arise out of，也应可以选出答案。
职称英语完形填空the difference between man and computer篇六：2013年职称英语完形填空(综合)完整版
第一篇A Life with Birds
For nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of London's Yeoman Warders, better known to tourists as Beefeaters. David, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the top of the Byward Tower, one of the gatehouses. “From our bedroom we have a marvellous view of Tower Bridge and the Thames. ” says David.
The Tower of London is famous for its ravens, the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately fascinated by the birds and when he was ) offered the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no hesitation in accepting it. “The birds have now become my life and I'm always aware of the fact that I am maintaining a tradition. The legend says that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will fall to enemies, and it's my job to make sure this doesn't happen!”
David devotes about four hours a day to the care of the ravens. He has grown to love them and the fact that he lives right next to them is ideal. “I can keep a close eye on them all the time, and not just when I'm working.” At first , David's wife Mo was not keen on the idea of life in the Tower, but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year. “When we look out of our windows we see history all around us, and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories. ”
第二篇：A Lucky Break
Actor Antonio Banderas is used to breaking bones, and it always seems to happen when he's doing sport. In the film Play it to the Bone he plays the part of a middleweight boxer alongside Woody Harrelson.During the making of the film Harrelson kept complaining that the fight scenes weren't very convincing, so one day he suggested that he and Banderas should have a fight for real. The Spanish actor wasn't keen on the idea at first, but he was eventually persuaded by his co-star to put on his gloves and climb into the boxing ring. However, when he realized how seriously his opponent was taking it all, he began to regret his decision to fight. And then in the third round, Harrelson hit Banderas so hard in the face that he actually broke his nose. His wife, actress Melanie Griffith, was furious that he had been playing “silly macho games”. “She was right”, confesses Banderas, “and I was a fool to take a risk like that in the middle of a movie. ”
He was reminded of the time he broke his leg during a football match in his native Malaga. He had always dreamed of becoming a soccer star, of performing in front of a big crowd, but doctors told him his playing days were probably over. “That's when I decided to take up acting; I saw it as another way of performing, and achieving recognition. What happened to me on that football pitch was, you might say, my first lucky break. ”
第三篇：Global Warming
Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists put the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase in the world's temperatures and are convinced that, more than ever before, the Earth is at risk from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. According to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, even more severe and causing sea levels all around the world to rise.
Environmental groups are putting pressure on governments to take action to reduce the amount of
carbon dioxide which is given off by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in favour of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power stations .
Some scientists, however, believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait several hundred years to notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is here to stay.
第四篇：A Success Story
At 19, Ben Way is already a millionaire, and one of a growing number of teenagers who have made their fortune through the Internet. What makes Ben's story all the more remarkable is that he is dyslexic, and was told by teachers at his junior school that he would never be able to read or write properly. “I wanted to prove them wrong”, says Ben, creator and director of Waysearch, a net search engine which can be used to find goods in online shopping malls.
When he was eight, his local authorities provided him with a PC to help with school work. Although he was unable to read the manuals, he had a natural ability with the computer, and encouraged by his father, he soon began charging people ￡10 an hour for his knowledge and skills. At the age of 15 he set up his own computer consultancy, Quad Computer, which he ran from his bedroom, and two years later he left school to devote all his time to business.
“By this time the company had grown and I needed to take on a couple of employees to help me”, says Ben. “That enabled me to start doing business with bigger companies. ” It was his ability to consistently overcome difficult challenges that led him to win the Young Entrepreneur of the Year award in the same year that he formed Waysearch, and he has recently signed a deal worth ￡25 million with a private investment company, which will finance his search engine.
第五篇 Traffic in Our Cities
【城市的交通】
The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This causes many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk of accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.
One possible approach is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by increasing charges for parking and bringing in tougher fines for anyone who breaks the law. In addition, drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, known as “road pricing”, is already being introduced in a number of cities, using a special electronic card fixed to the windscreen of the car.
Another way of dealing with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the outskirts of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre. Drivers and their passengers then use a special bus service for the final stage of their journey.
Of course, the most important ＿ thing is to provide good public transport. However, to get people togive up the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares kept at an acceptable level.
第六篇 Teaching and Learning【教与学】
Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with1 the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect student to be familiar with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned with brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is responsible for learning the material assigned. When research is assigned, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance. It is the student’s responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain how a university library works; they expect students particularly graduate students to exhaust the reference sources in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but prefer that their students should not be too dependent on them. In the United States professors have many other duties besides teaching, such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited . If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either approach a professor during office hours or make an appointment.
第七篇：The Difference between Man and Computer
【人与电脑的区别】
What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories don't yet account for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about what they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand, don't. In fact, computers don't even have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer program is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a “purpose”.
Of course, people have several goals that do not make sense to attribute to computers1. One might read a restaurant guide in order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to find a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.
However, these physiological and social goals give rise to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find information about the name of a restaurant which serves the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is, the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to acquire information or knowledge, what we are calling learning goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer might“want” to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so in the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not arise out of hunger in the case of the computer, it might well arise out of the “goal” to learn more about restaurants.
第八篇：Look on The Bright Side
Look on the Bright Side
Do you ever wish you were more optimistic, someone who always； expected (51)to be successful? Having someone around who (52) always fears the worst isn’t really a lot of fun (53) —we all know someone who sees a single cloud on a sunny day and says, “It looks like (54) rain. ” But if you catch yourself thinking
such things, it，s important to do something about (55) it. You can change your view (56) of life, according to
psychologists. It only takes a little effort, and you’ll find life more rewarding (有回报的）as a result
(57).Optimism, they say, is partly about self-respect and confidence but it’s also a more positive way of looking (58) at life and all it has to offer. Optimists are more likely(59) to start new projects and are generally more prepared to take risks.Upbringing is obviously very important in forming (60) your view to the world. Some people are brought up to depend (61) too much on others and grow up forever blaming other people when anything goes (62) wrong. Most optimists, on the other (63) hand, have been brought up not to • regard (64) failure as theend of the world —they just get (65) on with their lives.
第九篇：The First Bicycle
The history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years. In 1791, Count de Sivrac delighted onlookers in a park in Paris as he showed off his two-wheeled invention, a machine called the celeriferé. It was basically an enlarged version of a children's toy which had been in use for many years. Sivrac's “celeriferé” had a wooden frame, made in the shape of a horse, which was mounted on a wheel at either end. To ride it, you sat on a small seat, just like a modem bicycle, and pushed hard against the ground with your legs — there were no pedals. It was impossible to steer a celeriferé and it had no brakes, but despite these problems the invention very much appealed to the fashionable young men of Paris. Soon they were holding races up and down the streets.
Minor injuries were common as riders attempted a final burst of speed. Controlling the machine was difficult, as the only way to change direction was to pull up the front of the “celeriferé” and ＿turn it round while the front wheel was spinning in the air. “Celeriferés” were not popular for long, however, as the combination of no springs, no steering and rough roads made riding them very uncomfortable. Even so, the wooden celeriferé was the origin of the modem bicycle.
第十篇：Working Mothers
Carefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems, compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. My personal view is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or not, there are a number of mothers who just have to work. There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot afford to see it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economic necessity . Many mothers are not cut out to be full-time parents. After a few months at home with a much loved infant, they feel trapped and isolated.
There are a number of options when it comes to choosing childcare. These range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady across the street. In reality , however, many parents don't have any choice; they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared! No matter how good the childcare may be, some children are going to protest wildly if they are left. This is a perfectly normal stage of child development. Babies separate well in the first six months, but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family members. Make sure that in the first week you allow plenty of time to help your child settle in.
All children are different. Some are independent, while others are more attached to their mothers. Remember that if you want to do the best for your children, it’s not the quantity of time you spend with them, it's the quality that matters.
职称英语完形填空the difference between man and computer篇七：2014职称英语完形填空
第一篇 A Life with Birds
For nearly 17 years David Cope has worked 第二篇 A Lucky Break
Actor Antonio Banderas is used to breaking Few people now question the reality of global
At 19, Ben Way is already a millionaire, and 第三篇 Global Warming
第四篇 A Success Story
as one of the Tower of London's yeoman warders,
bones, and it always seems to happen when he's
our bedroom we have a marvellous view of
Tower Bridge and the Thames, " says David.
weren't very convincing, so one day he suggested that he and Banderas should have a fight for real.
the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately
put on his gloves and climb into the boxing ring. the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had
However, when he realized how seriously his
decision to fight. And then in the third round, that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will
actually broke his nose. His wife, actress Melanie
Griffith, was furious that he had been playing doesn't happen!"
"silly macho games". "She was right," confesses
about four hours a day to the
care of the ravens. He has grown to love them
that he lives right next to them is
the time he broke his leg during a football match
becoming a soccer star, of performing in front of
a big crowd, but doctors told him his playing
Tower, but she too will be sad to leave when he days were probably over. "That's when I decided
retires next year. "When we look out of our
performing, and achieving recognition. What are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories." might say, my first lucky break."
warming and its effects on the world's climate.
temperatures and are convinced that, more than
before, the Earth is at
from the
them, global warming is making extreme weather
and droughts, even more
the world to
Environmental groups are putting
on governments to take action to reduce the
by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. They are
more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then
Some scientists,
believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we
hundred years to notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is here to stay.
one of a growing number of teenagers who
makes Ben's story all the more
by teachers at his junior school that he would wanted to prove them
creator and director of Waysearch, a net search engine which can be used to find goods in online shopping malls.
When he was eight,
help with school work. Although he was
ability with the computer, and
an hour for his knowledge and skills. At the age of 15 he
consultancy, Quad Computer, which he ran
from his bedroom, and two years later he left this time the company had grown and I needed
business with bigger companies.” It was. his challenges that led him to win the Young Entrepreneur of the Year award in the same year that he formed Waysearch, and he has
recently signed a deal
a private investment company, which will finance his search engine.
第六篇 Teaching and learning
第五篇 Traffic in Our Cities
The volume of traffic in many cities in the Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for
learning lie with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to convenient and comfortable, with fares an acceptable level.
with a student outside
of class If a student has problems with classroom work , the student
should either professor during office hours or make an appointment.
*第七篇 The Difference between Man and
Computer
computers too; a computer out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not out of hunger in the case of the computer, it 很可能) arise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants.
world today continues to expand. This causes many problems, including serious air pollution,
Clearly, something must be done, but it is often
habits and leave their cars at home. One possible
required to pay for using particular routes at
"road pricing", is already being introduced in a
Another way
parking on the control the number of vehicles allowed into the
centre. Drivers and their passengers then use a
to provide good public transport. However, to
the comfort of their cars, public transport
must be felt to be reliable,
even if they do not discuss it in class or take an
be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of high grades. Sometimes homework is returned
brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is
for learning the material assigned.
, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to
guidance. It is the student's responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors
do not have the time to explain
a university library works; they expect students
in the library. Professors
dependent on them. In the United Stats professors have many other duties
， such as administrative or research work.
Therefore, the time that a professor can spend What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element(n.元素，成分，要素) that our theories don’t yet for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about Computers, on the other hand, don't. In fact, computers don't have interests;there is nothing in particular(尤其, 特别) that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a "purpose".
Of course, people have several goals that do not make to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide order to satisfy hunger or entertainment(n.娱乐，消遣) goals, or to Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.
However, these physiological(adj.生理学的,生理的) and social goals give rise to several intellectual(adj.智力的，聪明的) or cognitive(adj.认知的，认识上的) goals. A goal to satisfy hunger 引起, 导致) goals to find about the name of a restaurant which desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is,the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to information or knowledge, what we are calling _ goals. These goals can be held by
*第八篇 Look on The Bright Side
Do you ever wish you were more optimistic(adj.乐观的，乐观主义的), someone who always to be successful? Having someone around who always the worst isn’t really a lot of We all know someone who sees a single cloud on a sunny day and says, "It looks rain. " But if you catch yourself thinking such things,it's important to do something about it(代前面整句话，指这个状况、情况、事实).
You can change your view of life, to psychologists(心理学家). It only takes a little effort, and you'll find life more rewarding(adj.有益的，值得的，有报酬的) as a result . Optimism，they say，is partly about self-respect and confidence but it's also a more positive way of looking at life and all it has to Optimists are more to start new projects and are generally more prepared to take risks.
Upbringing(教养，养育，抚育) is obviously(adv.明显地，显然地) very important in forming your to the world. Some people are brought up to too much on others and grow up(成长) forever blaming(v.责备，归咎于) other people when anything goes wrong. Most optimists,on the have been brought up not to failure as the end of the world—they just with
their lives.
*第九篇 The First Bicycle第一辆自行车 The history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years. In 1791, Count(伯爵) de Sivrac onlookers(观众) in a park in Paris as he his two-wheeled invention, a machine called the celeriferé. It was basically an is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or not, there are a of mothers who just have to work. There are those who have invested(投资) such a big part of their lives in establishing(建立) a career that they cannot to see it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economic(经济上的) . Many mothers version of a children’s toy which had been in for many years. Sivrac's "celeriferé" had a wooden frame, made in the of a horse,which was mounted on a wheel at either end．To ride it, you sat on a small seat, just like a modem bicycle,and pushed against the with your legs—there were no pedals(踏板，脚蹬子). It was impossible to steer(驾驶，操纵，控制) a celeriferé and it had no brakes(闸，刹车),but despite these problems the invention very much to the fashionable young men of Paris. Soon they were races up and down the streets.
Minor were common as riders attempted a final burst(爆发，突发，爆炸) of the only way to change was to pull up the front of the "celeriferé" and it round while the front wheel was in the air. "Celeriferés" were not popular for long,however,as the of no springs(弹簧), no steering and rough roads(起伏路) made riding them very uncomfortable. Even so,the wooden celeriferé was the of the modem bicycle.
*第十篇 Working Mothers
Carefully conducted(v.实施，实行) researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems, compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. My personal
are not out to be full-time parents. After a few months at home with a much loved infant(婴儿，幼儿), they feel trapped(v.使陷入困境，使受限制) and isolated(使隔离，使孤立).
There are a number of options(选项，选择) when it to choosing childcare. These range from child minders(照顾者) and nannies(保姆) Granny(奶奶) or the kind(好心的) lady the street. , however,many parents don't have any choice; they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared! No how good the childcare may be,some children are going to protest(抗议) wildly(激烈的) if they are left. This is a normal stage of child development. Babies separate well in the first six months,but soon after that they start to get a crush(依恋, 压烂) on Mum and close family . Make sure that in the first week you allow time 安顿下来).
All children are different. Some are independent, while others are more to their mothers. Remember that if you want to the best for your children, it's not the quantity(数量) of time you spend with them，it's the quality that matters.
职称英语完形填空the difference between man and computer篇八：第七章The Difference between Man and Computer
The Difference between Man and Computer
What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories don't yet (1) ______ for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about (2) ______ they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand, don't. In fact, computers don't (3) ______ have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer (4) ______ is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a "purpose".
Of course, people have several goals that do not make (5) ______ to attribute to computers1. One might read a restaurant guide (6) ______ order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to (7) ______ a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.
However, these physiological and social goals give (8) ______ to several
intellectual or cognitive goals. A. goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find (9) ______ about the name of a restaurant which (10) ______ the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is, the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to (11) ______ information or knowledge, what we are calling(12) ______ goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer (13)
______ "want" to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so (14) ______ the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not
(15) ______ out of hunger in the case of the computer2, it might well arise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants.
词汇：
element /elim?nt/ n．元素，成分，要素
entertainment /,ent?'teinm?nt/n．娱乐，消遣
physiological/,fizi?l?d?ik?l/ adj．生理学的，生理的
intellectual /,int?'lektju?l/ adj．智力的，聪明的
cognitive/'k?gnitiv/ adj．认知的，认识上的
注释：
1. …attribute to computers…：……把……归于电脑，归属于电脑……
2. …in the case of computer…：……对于电脑来说……
练习：
1.A) express B) explain C) account D) count
2.A) why B) how C) what D) when
3.A) once B) even C) ever D) often
4.A) program B) instruction C) system D) function
5.A) success B) sense C) scene D) point
6.A) of B) or C) in D) and
7.A) find B) search C) look D) watch
8.A) way B) play C) rise D) birth
9.A) place B) food C) reference D) information
10.A) orders B) sells C) supports D) serves
11.A) acquire B) ask C) require D) consult
12.A) understanding B) learning C) knowledge D) awareness
13.A) could B) might C) should D) would
14.A) as B) on C) by D) in
15.A) arise B) rise C) consent D) derive
答案与题解：
1.C 此处考查对固定搭配的掌握情况，只有account能与for搭配，意为“解释”，其他三个选项的词都是及物动词，不与介词搭配。
2.C 分析全句，此处应填一个宾语从句的引导词，从句中缺少宾语，故应填what，此句意为 “去了解他们所感兴趣的东西”，其他三个选项均为关系副词，不能充当从句中的宾语。
3.B 此处选even加强语气，“事实上，电脑甚至都没有兴趣”。
4.A computer program是常见搭配，意为“电脑程序”，其他选项与句意不符，故排除。
5.B make sense是固定搭配，意思是“有道理，合理，能被理解”。整句的意思为“当然人也有目标，但这些目标若被归在电脑身上便不合逻辑了”。
6.C in order to是固定搭配，表示目的，意为“为了……”，故选C。
7.A 结合上下文我们得知，此处应填具有“寻找”含义的词，watch没有此含义，首先被排除，C 选项后若加上for，便符合文义，search有“搜寻，查找”的含义，但一般指深人彻底地调查，只有A选项fmd在含义和语气上都符合句意。
8.C 从下一句便可找到答案为C选项，give rise to意为“引起，导致，使发生”。
9.D 选择D意为“找到关于餐馆名字的信息”，其他选项放此处均不合适。
10.D 此处需填一个谓语动词，因此要搞清主语“餐馆”与宾语“食物”之间的关系，只有“餐馆供应食物”合乎逻辑，故答案为serve。
11.A 上文提到了种种人生理的、智力上的、认知的目标，因为饿得到了有关餐馆的信息，因而此处要填“获取”，B, C, D与文意不符。
12.B 此空依然承接上文的意思，那些目标都是获取信息的目标，都是学习的目标，答案为B选项。
13.B 此处缺一个情态动词，阅读到后半句时便很容易选出答案，此处的might与后面as a person might相呼应，表示不确定的推测，意为“可能，也许”。
14.D 能与way搭配的介词一般只有in，表示“以……方式”，此处的含义为“与一个人可能想要做事的方式相同”。
15.A arise out of是固定搭配，意为“起于……”，即使不知道短语的含义，看到后面又出现一次arise out of，也应可以选出答案。
译文：人与电脑的区别
是什么让人有别于电脑程序？我们的理论还没有解释的缺少的要素是什么？答案很简单：人们阅读报纸故事为了学习更多他们感兴趣的东西，而电脑不是。事实上，电脑甚至连兴趣都没有，当它们试图阅读时它们没有寻找任何特别的东西。如果一个电脑程序是理解故事模式，那它也是为了某个意图去阅读。
诚然，人类的意图若是被强加到电脑身上便没有任何意义。一个人可能会读就餐指南，只是为了解决饥饿或是有娱乐目的，也可能是为了寻找一个吃商务餐的好地方。电脑不会饿，也不吃商务餐。
然而，这些心理和社会目标会导致一些智力或者认知目标。一个想要解决饥饿的意图会促使这样的念头产生：找到一个提供我们想要的食物的餐厅，这餐厅叫什么名，价位如何，在什么位置等。我们把这些为了获取信息或者知识的目标叫作学习目标。电脑也能有这些目标；一台电脑也许“想要”寻找餐厅的方位，并且为了做得像一个人一样去阅读一个指南。虽然这样的目标就电脑来说不是产生于饥饿，但电脑很可能从这个目标去获得更多关于餐厅的信息。
职称英语完形填空the difference between man and computer篇九：2012年职称英语综合类完形填空完整版
2012年职称英语综合类(完形填空)
第一篇A Life with Birds
第二篇A Lucky Break
第三篇Global Warming
第四篇A Success Story
第五篇Traffic in Our Cities
*第六篇Teaching and Learning
*第七篇The Difference between Man and Computer
*第八篇Look on The Bright Side
*第九篇The First Bicycle
*第十篇Working Mothers
+第十一篇School Lunch
+第十二篇A Powerful Influence
+第十三篇The Old Gate
+第十四篇Family History
+第十五篇Helen and Martin
+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；
第一篇 A Life with Birds For nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of London's yeoman warders, better known to tourists as beefeaters. David, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the top of the Byward Tower, one of the gatehouses. " From our bedroom we have a marvellous view of Tower Bridge and the Thames, " says David. The Tower of London is famous for its ravens, the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately fascinated by the birds and when he was offered the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no hesitation in accepting it. "The birds have now become my life and I'm always aware of the fact that I am maintaining a tradition. The legend says that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will fall to enemies, and it's my job to make sure this doesn't happen!" David devotes about four hours a day to the care of the ravens. He has grown to love them and the fact that he lives right next to them is ideal. "I can keep a close eye on them all the time, and not just when I'm working." At first, David's wife Mo was not keen on the idea of life in the Tower, but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year. "When we look out of our windows, we see history all around us, and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories."
第二篇 A Lucky Break
Actor Antonio Banderas is used to breaking bones, and it always seems to happen when he's doing sport. In the film Play It to the Bone he plays the part of a middleweight boxer alongside Woody Harrelson. During the making of the film Harrelson kept complaining that the fight scenes weren't very convincing, so one day he suggested that he and Banderas should have a fight for real. The Spanish actor wasn't keen on the idea at first, but he was eventually persuaded by his co-star to put on his gloves and climb into the boxing ring. However, when he realized how seriously his opponent was taking it all, he began to regret his decision to fight. And then in the third round, Harrelson hit Banderas so hard in the face that he actually broke his nose. His wife, actress Melanie Griffith, was furious that he had been playing "silly macho games". "She was right," confesses Banderas, "and I was a fool to take a risk like that in the middle of a movie." He was reminded of the time he broke his leg during a football match in his native Malaga. He had always
dreamed of becoming a soccer star, of performing in front of a big crowd, but doctors told him his playing days were probably over. "That's when I decided to take up acting; I saw it as another way of performing, and achieving recognition. What happened to me on that football pitch was, you might say, my first lucky break."
第三篇 Global Warming
Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists put the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase in the world's temperatures and are convinced that, more than ever before, the Earth is at risk from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. According to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, even more severe and causing sea levels all around the world to rise.
Environmental groups are putting pressure on governments to take action to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide which is given off by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in favour of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power stations. Some scientists, however believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait several hundred years to notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is here to stay.
第四篇 A Success Story At 19, Ben Way is already a millionaire, and one of a growing number of teenagers who have made Their fortune through the Internet. What makes Ben's story all the more remarkable is that he is dyslexic, and was told by teachers at his junior school that he would never be able to read or write properly. "I wanted to prove them wrong ", says Ben, creator and director of Waysearch, a net search engine which can be used to find goods in online shopping malls. When he was eight, his local authorities provided him with a PC to help with school work. Although he was unable to read the manuals, he had a natural ability with the computer, and encouraged by his father, he soon began charging people $l0 an hour for his knowledge and skills. At the age of 15 he set up his own computer consultancy, Quad Computer, which he ran from his bedroom, and two years later he left school to devote all his time to business. "By this time the company had grown and I needed to take on a couple of employees to help me", says Ben. "That enabled me to start doing business with bigger companies.” It was. his ability to consistently overcome difficult challenges that led him to win the Young Entrepreneur of the Year award in the same year that he formed Waysearch, and he has recently signed a deal worth $25 million with a private investment company, which will finance his search engine.
第五篇 Traffic in Our Cities
The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This causes many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk of accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to change their habits and leave their cars at home. One possible approach is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by increasing charges for parking and bringing in tougher fines for anyone who breaks the law. In addition, drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, known as "road pricing", is already being introduced in a number of cities, using a special electronic card fixed to the windscreen of the car. Another way of dealing with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the outskirts of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre. Drivers and their passengers then use a special bus service
for the final stage of their journey. Of course, the most important thing is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to give up the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares kept at an acceptable level.
第六篇 Teaching and learning
Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned with brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is responsible for learning the material assigned. When research is assigned, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance. It is the student's responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain how a university library works; they expect students particularly graduate students to exhaust the reference sources in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but prefer that their students should not be too dependent on them. In the United Stats professors have many other duties besides teaching, such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either approach a professor during office hours or make an appointment.
*第七篇 The Difference between Man and Computer
What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories don’t yet account for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about what they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand, don't. In fact,computers don't even have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer program is to be a model of story understanding,it should also read for a "purpose".
Of course,people have several goals that do not make sense to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide in order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to find a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.
However,these physiological and social goals give rise to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find information about the name of a restaurant which serves the desired type of food,how expensive the restaurant is,the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to acquire information or knowledge, what we are calling learning goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer might "want" to find out the location of a restaurant,and read a guide in order to do so in the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not arise out of hunger in the case of the computer,it might well arise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants.
*第八篇 Look on The Bright Side
Do you ever wish you were more optimistic, someone who always expected to be successful? Having someone around who always fears the worst isn’t really a lot of fun. We all know someone who sees a single cloud on a sunny day and says, "It looks like rain. " But if you catch yourself thinking such things,it's important to do something about it.
You can change your view of life, according to psychologists. It only takes a little effort,and you'll find life more rewarding as a result. Optimism,they say,is partly about self-respect and confidence but it's also a more positive way of looking at life and all it has to offer. Optimists are more likely to start new projects and are generally more prepared
to take risks. Upbringing is obviously very important in forming your attitude to the world. Some people are brought up to depend too much on others and grow up forever blaming other people when anything goes wrong. Most optimists,on the other hand, have been brought up not to regard failure as the end of the world—they just get on with their lives.
*第九篇 The First Bicycle The history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years. In 1791, Count de Sivrac delighted onlookers in a park in Paris as he showed off his two-wheeled invention,a machine called the celeriferé. It was basically an enlarged version of a children’s toy which had been in use for many years. Sivrac's "celeriferé had a wooden frame,made in the shape of a horse,which was mounted on a wheel at either end. To ride it,you sat on a small seat,just like a modem bicycle,and pushed hard against the ground with your legs—there were no pedals. It was impossible to steer a celeriferé and it had no brakes,but despite these problems the invention very much appealed to the fashionable young men of Paris. Soon they were holding races up and down the streets.
Minor injuries were common as riders attempted a final burst of speed. Controlling the machine was difficult,as the only way to change direction was to pull up the front of the "celeriferé" and turn it round while the front wheel was spinning in the air. "Celeriferés" were not popular for long,however,as the combination of no springs,no steering and rough roads made riding them very uncomfortable. Even so,the wooden celeriferé was the origin of the modem bicycle.
*第十篇 Working Mothers
Carefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems,compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. My personal view is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or not,there are a number of mothers who just have to work.. There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot afford see it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economic necessity. Many mothers are not cut out to be full-time parents. After a few months at home with a much loved infant,they feel trapped and isolated.
There are a number of options when it comes to choosing childcare. These range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady across the street. In reality, however,many parents don't have any choice; they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared! No matter how good the childcare may be,some children are going to protest wildly if they are left. This is a perfectly normal stage of child development. Babies separate well in the first six months,but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family members. Make sure that in the first week you allow plenty of time to help your child settle in.
All children are different. Some are independent,while others are more attached to their mothers. Remember that if you want to do the best for your children,it's not the quantity of time you spend with them,it's the quality that matters.
+第十一篇 School Lunch
Research has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat properly in the middle of the day. In Britain schools have to provide meals at lunchtime. Children can choose to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen.
One shocking finding of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict standards for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one portion of fruit and one of vegetables, as well as meat, a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta. Lunchboxes examined by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps and chocolate bars. Children consume twice as much sugar as they
should at lunchtime. The research will provide a better understanding of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has increased in the last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot criticize parents, but it can remind them of the nutritional value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their children's diet can affect their future health. Children can easily develop bad eating habits at this age, and parents are the only ones who can prevent it.
+第十二篇 A Powerful Influence
There can be no doubt at all that the Internet has made a huge difference to our lives. Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet, hardly ever doing anything else in their spare time. Naturally, parents are curious to find out why the Internet is so attractive, and they want to know if it can be harmful to their children. Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time staring at their computers? Obviously; if children are bent over their computers for hours, absorbed in some game, instead of doing their homework, then something is wrong. Parents and children could decide how much use the child should make of the Internet, and the child should give his or her word that it won’t interfere with homework. If the child is not holding to this arrangement, the parent can take more drastic steps dealing with a child's use of the Internet is not much different from negotiating any other soft of bargain about behaviour. Any parent who is seriously alarmed about a child's behaviour should make an appointment to discuss the matter with a teacher. Spending time in front of the screen does not necessarily affect a child's performance at school. Even if a child is absolutely crazy about using the Internet,he or she is probably just going through a phase, and in a few months there will be something else to worry about!
+第十三篇 The Old Gate
In the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them. This was partly for defensive reasons but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable, like people with contagious diseases. The Old City of London gates were all demolished by the end of the 18th century. The last of London's gates was removed a century ago, but by a stroke of luck, it was never destroyed.
This gate is, in actual fact, not called a gate at all; its name is Temple Bar, and it marked the boundary between the Old City of London and Westminster. In 1878 the Council of London took the Bar down, numbered the stones and put the gate in storage because its design was unfashionable it was expensive to maintain and it was blocking the traffic. The Temple Bar Trust was set up in the 1970's with the intention of returning the gate home. The aim of the trust is the preservation of the nation's architectural heritage. Transporting the gate will mean physically pulling it down, stone by stone, removing and rebuilding it near St Paul's Cathedral. Most of the facade of the gate will probably be replaced, though there is a good chance that the basic structure will be sound. The hardest job of all, however, will be to recreate the statues of the monarchs that once stood on top of the gate.
+第十四篇 Family History
In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before, many people are being attracted to the idea of looking back into the past. One way they can do this is by ìinvestigating their own family history. They can try to find out more about where their families came from and what they did, This is now a fast—growing hobby, especially in countries with a fairly short history, like Australia and the United States.
It is one thing to spend some time going through a book on family history and to take the decision to investigate your own family's past. It is quite another to carry out the research work successfully. It is easy to set about it in a disorganized way and cause yourself many problems which could have been avoided with a little forward planning.
职称英语完形填空the difference between man and computer篇十：职称英语完形填空
Teaching and learning
Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student.If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect student to be
class or take an examination. The ideal student is considered to be one who
getting high gardes. Sometimes homework is returned
brief written
comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given ,the student is
professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with
It is student‟s responsibility to find books,
magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain how a
who need it, but prefer that their students should
not on them. In the United States professors
have many other duties
teaching, such as administrative or research work. Therefore,the time that a problems with classroom work, the
student should either a professor during office hours or make an appointment.
The difference between man and computer
What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories don‟t yet
for? The answer
is they are interested in. computers, on the other hand, don
‟t. in fact,computers don‟find out when they read. If a
is to be a mobel of
story understanding, it should also read for a “purpose” .
entertainment goals, or to
a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.
However, these physiological and social goals give to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find
about the name of a restaurant which
the
desired
type of food, how expensive the restaurant is, the location of the restaurant,
„want
‟to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do of hunger in the case of the computer, it might well arise out of the “goal” to learn more about restaurants.
Look on the bright side
Do you ever wish you were more optimistic, someone who always
to be successful? Having someone around who always
the worst isn‟on a sunny day
and says, “it looks rain. ” But if you catch
yourself thinking such things, it‟
takes a little effort, and you‟they say, is partly about selfrespect and confidence, but it‟s also a more positive
way of looking at life and all it has to Optimists are
more
the world—
The first bicycle
The history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years. In 1791,
two-wheeled invention, a machine called the celerifere. It was basically an
‟
Sivrac‟s “
celerifere” had a wooden frame, made in the of a horse,
which was mounted on a wheel ai either end. To ride it, you sat on a small seat, just like a modern bicycle, and pushed against
with your legs—
there were no pedals. It was impossible to steer a celerifere and it
down the strees.
controlling the machine was difficult, as the only way to change was
to put up the front of the celerifere it round while
the front
the modern bicycle.
Working mothers
Carefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems,
that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or
who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that pure economic
Many mothers are not
out to be full—time parents. After a few months at home with
a much loved infant, they feel trapped and isolated.
There are a number of options when it to choosing
childcare. These range from child minders and nannies through to granny or the kind lady the street. In reality, however, many
parents don't have
any choice; they have to accept anything they can get. how good the childcare may be, some children are going to protest wildly if
separate well in the first six months, but soon after that they start to get a
All children are different. Some are independent,while others are more
children, it‟s not the quantity of time you spend with them, it‟that matters.
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