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Chapter one
1． Read After Babel (P248-249)
After Babel: The Claims of Theory
The literature on the theory, practice, and history of translation is large. It can be divided into four periods, though the lines of division are in no sense absolute.
The first period would extend from Cicero‘s famous precept not to translate verbum pro verbo, in his Libellus de optimo genere oratorum of 46 B. C. and Horace‘s reiteration of this formula in the Ars poetica some twenty years later, to Holderlin‘s enigmatic commentary on his own translations from Sophocles (1804). This is the long period in which seminal analyses and pronouncements stem directly from the enterprise of the translator. It includes the observations and polemics of Saint Jerome, Luther‘s magisterial Sendbriet vom Dolmetschen of 1530, the arguments of du Bellay, Montaigne, and Chapman, Jacques Amyot to the readers of his Plutarch translation, Ben Jonson on imitation, Dryden‘s elaborations on Horace, Quintilian, and Jonson, Pope on Homer, Rochefort on the Iliad. Florio‘s theory of translation arises directly from his efforts to render Montaigne; Cowley‘s general views are closely derived from the nearly intractable job of finding an English transposition for the Odes of Pindar. There are major theoretic texts in this first phase: Leonardo Bruni‘s De interpretatione recta of c. 1420, for example, and Pierre Daniel huet‘s De optimo genere interpretandi, published in Paris in 1680. Huet‘s treatise is, in fact, one of the fullest, most sensible accounts ever given of the nature and problems of translation. Nevertheless, the main characteristic of this first period is that of immediate empirical focus.
This epoch of primary statement and technical notation may be said to end with Alexander Fraser Tytler‘s Essay on the Principles of Translation issued in London in 1792, and with Friedrich Schleiermacher‘s decisive essay ueber dieverschiedenen methoden des Uebersetzens of 1813. This second stage is one of theory and hermeneutic inquiry. The question of the nature of translation is posed within the more general framework of theories of language and mind. The topic acquires a vocabulary, a methodological status of its own, away from the demands and singularities of a given text. The hermeneutic approach – i. e. the investigation of what it means to ‗understand‘ a piece of oral or written speech, and the attempt to diagnose this process in terms of a general model of meaning – was initiated by Schleiermacher and taken up by A. W. Schlegel and Humboldt. It gives the subject of translation a frankly philosophic aspect. The interchange between theory and practical need continued, of course. We owe to it many of the most telling reports on the activity of the translator and on relations between languages. These include texts by Goethe, Schopenhauer, Matthew Arnold, Paul Valery, Ezra Pound, I. A. Richards, Benedetto Croce, Walter Benjamin, and Ortega y Gasset. This age of philosohpic-poetic theory and definition –there is now a historiography of translation – extends to Valery larbaud‘s inspired but unsystematic Sous l’invocation de Saint Jerome of 1946.
After that we are fully in the modern current.
2． Read the following two books:
陈福康，1992，《中国译学理论史稿》，上海外语教育出版社。
马祖毅，1998，《中国翻译简史》，中国对外翻译出版公司。
3． Read the paper: Nida, E.A. 1989. “Theories of Translation.” Waiguoyu. (1989) No.6: 2—9
Chapter 2
1. Read Holmes’ Name and Nature of Translation
2. Read the disputes over the nature of translation: Translating is
a language change
a cultural transmission
an art and a science
a manipulation
a rewriting
a political struggle
a treason
What do you understand communication translation, semantic translation, information translation, formal translation, full-prose translation, interlinear translation, literal translation, stylistic translation, analytical translation, imitation, service translation?
2 Translate the passages:
Accelerated by the post-9/11 debate on America‘s role in the world, the idea of the United States as 21-century Rome is gaining a foothold in the country‘s consciousness. The New York Review of Books illustrated a recent piece on U.S. might with a drawing of George Bush togged up as a roman centurion. Earlier this month Boston‘s WBUR radio station titled a special on U.S. imperial power with the Latin tag Pax Americana Tom Wolfe has written that the America of today is ―now the mightiest power on earth, as omnipotent as Rome under Julius Caesar‖.
The most obvious is overwhelming military strength. Rome was the superpower of its day, boasting an army with the best training, biggest budgets and finest equipment the world had ever seen. No one else came close. The United States is just as dominant – its defense budget will soon be bigger than the military spending of the next nine countries put together, allowing the United States to deploy its forces almost anywhere on the planet at lightning speed. Throw in the country‘s global technological lead, and the United States emerges as a power without rival.
吹牛是一种夸大狂，在道德家看来，也许认为是缺点，可是在处世接物上却是一种刮刮叫的妙用。假使你这一生缺少了吹牛的本领，别说好饭碗找不到，便连黄包车夫也不放你在眼里的。
西洋人究竟近乎白痴，什么事都只讲究脚踏实地去作，这样费力气的勾当，我们聪明的中国人，简直连牙齿都要笑掉了。西洋人什么事都讲究按部就班的慢慢来，从来没有平地登天的捷径，而我们中国人专门走捷径，而走捷径的第一个法门，就是善吹牛。
吹牛是一件不可看轻的艺术，就如修辞学上不可缺少“张喻一类的东西一样。像李太白什么“黄河之水天上来”，又是什么“白发三千丈”，这在修辞学上就叫作“张喻”，而在不懂修辞学的人看来，就觉得李太白在吹牛了。
3 Study the following translations
They talked about each other‘s houses, and characters, and families; just the Joneses do about
the Smiths. Becky‘s former acquaintances hated and envied her: the poor woman herself was st
yawning in spirit. (William M. Thackeray, Vanity Fair)
他们讨论别人住的房子、家里过活的情形，人品的好坏，也不过像张三议论李四似的。蓓基从前的熟人又妒忌她，又恨她。她自己说，可怜虫，却对于这种生活腻味极了。 Once Philip saw a man, rough and illiterate, told his case was hopeless. (W. S. Maugham,
Of Human Bondage)
有一次，菲力普遇到一位粗鲁、目不识丁的男病人。他告诉菲力普说他的病已无可救药。 It contained a brilliant account of the festivities; and of the beautiful and accomplished Mrs.
Rawdon Crawley‘s admirable personifications. (William M. Thackeray, Vanity Fair)
有篇报导文章描写宴会花絮，形容美丽多才的罗登·克劳莱太太演技怎么出众，说得天花乱坠。
And on her side, gentle thoughts and simple pleasures were odious to Mrs. Becky, they
discorded with her; she hated people for liking them; she spurned children and children-lovers. ―I have not taste for bread and butter,‖ she would say, when caricaturing lady Jane and her ways to my Lord Steyne. (ibid)
蓓基不耐烦忠厚人，讨厌家常的乐趣，因为这和她格格不入，谁喜欢这一套东西的少不得也要遭她的白眼。譬如小孩子和喜欢小孩子的人她就恨不得一脚踢开。她对斯丹恩勋爵模仿吉恩夫人的举止，故意夸张她种种可笑的地方，而且每次总加上一句：“有些人乏味得像白水煮豆腐，我可不喜欢。”
Chapter 3
1. Comment on any differences in meaning between the items in each of the following sets. The differences may relate to expressive or evoked meaning. For instance, some items may be register-specific or dialect-specific, others may be derogatory or neutral. If you are not familiar with a particular word or expression, consult a good English dictionary before you comment on its meaning.
Car, auto, automobile, motor, limousine, limo, banger, jalopy
Comfortable, comfy, homely, cosy, snug (of a place)
Dad, daddy, pa, papa, pop, father, pater, sire, old man
Now list all the words and expressions you can think of which are available in Chinese for car, comfortable, and father. Comment on any differences in meaning between (a) the individual items in each set, and (b) the English items above and the items in the Chinese corresponding sets.
2. Make a list of all the English and Chinese words you can think of which have to do with DIE and 死. (see 冯庆华, 1997:15-18)
3. Compare the English kinship fields with the Chinese ones for similarities and differences. Discuss the significance of the concept of semantic fields. Do the same with color sets and animal cry sets. (see 王逢鑫，2001：205-209；131-134；114-1471)
4.Translate the passage into Chinese noting the italicized words.
Readers may be divided into four classes:
Sponges, who absorb all they read, and return it nearly in the same state, only a little dirtied. Sand – glasses, who retain nothing, and are content to get through a book for the sake of getting through the time.
Strain bags, who retain merely the dregs of what they read.
Mongul diamonds, equally rare and valuable, who profit by what they read, and enable others to profit by it also.
5.Comment on the English translations of the Chinese general words like 说.
一条花蛇正在一棵老树根下乘凉，看见对面来了一只青蛙。花蛇笑着说：“啊哈！青蛙老弟，你生得太漂亮了！你那黄色的皮肤，简直和金子铸成的一样啊！”
“哇！”青蛙向前跳了美妙的一步。 花蛇又说：“老弟，你身上那些绿色的斑点，美丽极了！简直是绿宝石镶嵌的呀！” “哇！”青蛙向前跳了骄傲的一步。 花蛇又说：“看看你蹲坐在荷叶上的姿态吧！象一枝娇艳的花朵，比莲花更动人十分！” “哇！”青蛙向前跳了亲近的一步。
花蛇又说：“青蛙老弟，听说你还会‘束骨穿洞’的绝技呢！你看我着曲折的肠腔，可以供你做出色的表演吧！”
A mottled snake was sheltering from the heat among the roots of an old tree when he saw a frog coming. ―Hello, Frog,‖ he said with a smile. ―That beautiful yellow skin makes you look as if you were made of gold!‖
The frog croaked and jumped quite a way.
―And my dear fellow,‖ the snake continued, ―with all those beautiful green spots you might be inlaid with gems!‖
The frog croaked and jumped proudly.
―Why, the way you perch on that lotus leaf,‖ the snake went on, ―you‘re simply more charming than the lotus blossom!‖
The frog croaked and jumped coyly.
―I also hear,‖ said the snake, ―that you can squeeze through the tiniest holes. Look at all the bends in my bowels. Why don‘t you show me how?‖
7.Translate the following words into English or Chinese.
Backbend：
Bait-and-switch：
Busywork：
Byline：
经济百强县:
抓大放小:
拳头产品:
专卖店:
吊带裙:
宽松裤:
七分裤:
菜篮子工程:
安居工程:
有声读物:
充电:
公费旅游:
精神污染:
购房热:
8.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese making sure of the clarity of the meaning.
Last night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg, Pa., a distance of about eighty miles. It was late, I was late and if anyone asked me how fast I was driving, I‘d have to plead the Fifth Amendment to avoid self-incrimination. Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left, and I was clinching my fists with impatience.
9.Translate the following into Chinese with a special attention to dealing with semantic gaps:
China has been through a wrenching series of changes and experiments. It is not for me, or for others in America, to tell China what its economic system should be. What work best for China will be a system rooted in China itself – in Chinese customs and traditions and ways of doing things. The proof of any system lies in its results: in the extent to which it provides for the people more of what those people want. What the people of China want will not be in all respects the same as what the people of the United States would want. But in some respects it will be the same. The bottom line test of any economic system is whether it works. An economic system that work
吹牛是一种夸大狂英文翻译篇二：汉译英短文
PART I AFTER-CLASS
ASSIGNMENTS
1. 在交叉路口转弯的时候，我的脚踏车把一位陌生先生的右脚踝压伤了。这位先生一手牵扯着一个刚会走路模样的小男孩，一手牵着一个步履蹒跚的老中风病患者。本来我可以安全避闪。
在我惊魂未定，讷讷不知所措的时候，那位先生已牵着小男孩和老者慢慢离去，我愣愣地目送他们，三个脚步迟缓的背景构成一幅感人的画面。我有搁下车子跟上去帮助那位先生的冲动。可是，我一直没有做；我发觉小孩和老者好像那位先生肩上的两头担子，再艰苦他也不肯放下任何一边的。
2. 在兽类中我最爱虎，在虎的故事中我最爱下面的一个。
深山中有一所古庙，几个和尚在那里过着单调的修行生活。同他们做朋友的，除了有时
上山来的少数乡下人外，就是几只猛虎。虎不惊扰僧人，却替他们守护庙宇。作为报酬，和尚把一些可吃的东西放在庙门前。每天傍晚，夕阳染红小半个天空，虎们成群地走到庙门口，吃了东西，跳跃而去。庙门大开，僧人们安然在庙内做他们的日课，也没有谁出去看虎怎样吃东西，即使偶尔有一二和尚立在门前，虎们亦视为平常的事情，把他们看做熟人，不去惊动，却斯斯文文地吃完走开。如果看不见僧人，虎就发出几声长啸，随着几阵风飞腾而去。
3. 光绪二十六年，八国联军攻占北京。慈禧太后弃城而走，一直逃到西安。和谈开始后，她并未马上返回北京。起初，外国列强的要求里面有一项是让慈禧太后退位，由光绪帝重新执掌朝廷。不过，在与李鸿章多次会谈后，他们放弃了这一要求。
第二年正式签署和约，随后过了一个月慈禧才终于从西安动身。她对外国人万分惧怕，正像她对国人无比傲慢一样。她在河南停留
了很长一段时间，到了保定又逗留多日，好不容易才回到北京。据野史记载，在这漫长的旅途中还发生了一件趣事。一位地方官员送给慈禧一只猴子，她颇为高兴，竟下旨给那只猴子穿黄马褂。后来太监报告说，有的官员发出了“人不如猴”的感慨，慈禧这才发现自己的决定有些荒唐，于是又下旨给随行官员每人一件黄马褂。得到这殊荣之后，大家真不知道该感谢慈禧还是感谢那只猴子。
4. 中国对香港的政策是“一国两制”，这个原则不仅对香港经济发展有利，而且和中国本身的利益也是一致的。我们不想使香港政府在过渡时期无法正常行使其职能，恰恰相反，我们希望它能有效地管理香港的事务，中英联合声明和建造新机场的谅解备忘录就是最好的保证。至于1997年以后的，全国人民大会已通过了《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》。这个基本法就是最有利的保证。
5. 一个王朝之所以覆灭衰败的结果，绝非单独事件所造成的。不过历史学者和史评家们常常挑出某些特定的事件，认为它们是导致旧朝代灭亡的主要原因。他们有时甚至声称，假若不是因为某件事，改朝换代就不会发生。清代就有不少学者把明朝的覆亡归咎于崇祯皇帝处决了他手下最具才干的大将袁崇焕。还有一种法说盛行于通俗作家之中，认为使异族入主华夏的罪魁乃是一位叫陈圆圆的美貌女子，而她不过是山海关统兵大帅吴三桂花一千两银子买来作妾的一位歌女而已。
6. 中国家庭一向尊老爱幼。在大家庭里，老一辈人的意见受到尊重，小一辈的人得到全家的爱护。中国宪法规定赡养父母是成年子女义不容辞的责任。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年轻夫妇给老人生活费并帮助他们干家务活儿。在农村，尽管大家庭解体了，许多结了婚的儿子和他的家人还和父母住在同一个院子里。对他们来说，分家不过是分灶而已。结了婚的儿子往往把房子盖
在父母家附近，这样父母和子女互相帮助、探望都和过去一样方便。
7. 三峡大坝的建造是举世瞩目的最伟大的成就之一。我对这项宏伟工程仍然充满敬畏：谁能想像高山会被移动，世界最大的河流之一会被人驯服，就为了造福13亿人民！中国人民似乎没有克服不了的困难。他们正在构筑自己的未来，其规模与人民的需要相匹配。如果谁真正了解中国人民的需求需要付出多大的努力，他们就不会对这种努力说三道四。每个工业化国家在其发展的历史进程中，都有一个重大的阶段进行基础设施建设，造福于民。中国目前正处在这样一个阶段，并且面临比所有其他国家更多更大的任务。可以肯定地说，中国人民有能力完成三峡工程。
8. 提到童年，总使人有些向往，不论童年生活是快乐，是悲哀，人们总觉得都是生命中最深刻的一段；有许多印象，许多习惯，深固地刻画在他的人格及气质上，而影响他
吹牛是一种夸大狂英文翻译篇三：吹牛是一种夸大狂
吹牛是一种夸大狂，在道德家看来，也许认为是缺点，可是在处世接物上却是一种呱呱叫的妙用。假使你这一生缺少了吹牛的本领，别说好饭碗找不到，就连黄包车夫也不放你在眼里的。.
西洋人究竟近乎白痴，什么事都只讲究脚踏实地去做，这样费力气的勾当，我们聪明的中国人，简直连牙齿都要笑掉了。西洋人什么事都讲究按部就班地慢慢动作来，从来没有平地登天的捷径，而我们中国人专走捷径，而走捷径的第一个法门，就是吹牛。
吹牛是一件不可看轻的艺术，就如修辞学上不可缺少“张喻”一类的东西一样。像李太白什么“黄河之水天上来”，又是什么“白发三千丈”，这在修辞学上就叫做“张喻”，而在不懂修辞学的人看来，就觉得李太白在吹牛了。
Bragging is megalomania. In view of moralists，it may be a flaw,
but it has magical power on handling things
Because of earnest and down-to earth way to work, westerners are,
in the eyes of Chinese smarty, next door to idiot. They are laughed at by
Chinese smarty for great efforts they make to the achievement. While
westerners go about whatever they do methodically and patiently, never
by shortcut, Chinese are always given to pursuing a shortcut and regard
the ability to boast as the major key.
Boasting is essential art just as hyperbole is indispensable rhetorical
figure. The tang poet Li Bai’s famous lines “the Yellow River comes
from the sky” and “My white hair of thirty thousand feet”, the example
of hyperbole, to those who know about the art of rhetoric, may sound
like a exaggeration of poet Li Bai in the eye of those who don’t
understand.
吹牛是一种夸大狂英文翻译篇四：笔译工作坊作业
吹牛是一种夸大狂英文翻译篇五：俚语
俚语：
1. bananas 发疯的、神经错乱的（相当于crazy）
例句：The noise drives them bananas.
那噪声让他们抓狂。
2. go bananas (=become crazy) 发疯、神经错乱
例句：She went bananas when she found him cheating.
她发现他欺骗时气得要命。
3. big/top banana 主要人物、大老板、最好的演员或重要的官员
例句：He's the top banana in this company.
他是这家公司的大老板。
4. second banana 第二选择、次要人物、配角
例句：I always play second banana to her.
我总是做她的后补。
5. banana oil 明显夸大的吹捧（花言巧语）
例句：Cut out the banana oil; flattery will get you nowhere!
别花言巧语了，吹捧是不会使你捞到好处的！
6. banana skin 尴尬事、隐患
例句：The proposed tax changes are likely to prove a banana skin for the Government.
建议中的税务变动很可能给政府带来无穷后患。
1. apple of one's eye 掌上明珠、心肝宝贝（指某人极为珍爱的人或物）
例句：Grandfather always made the most fuss of Gillian; she is the apple of his eye.
祖父总是极其宠爱吉林恩，她是他的掌上明珠。
2. apple-polisher 马屁精
例句：John is such an apple-polisher, he always agrees with whatever the boss says. 约翰就是一个马屁精，不管老板说什么他都同意。
3. apples and oranges 风马牛不相及的事物
例句：Men and women are like apples and oranges.
男人和女人是完全不同的。
4. rotten apple 坏家伙、害群之马
例句：He's a rotten apple.
他是一个讨厌的家伙。
5. upset the apple cart 搞砸或毁坏某事物
例句：Tom really upset the apple cart by telling Mary the truth about Jane. 汤姆把珍妮的真实情况告诉了玛丽，他可真把事情给搞砸了。
6. an apple of discord 争端；祸根
例句：I sense an apple of discord between you two.
我感觉你们俩不和。
7. apple of sodom 金玉其外，败絮其中；徒具其表而无其实之物
例句：The thing I bought yesterday was found to be an apple of Sodom.
我昨天买的那样东西外表好看，而实际上用处不大。
8. dead sea apple 不可靠的成就；令人失望的事情
例句：This proposal sounds perfect but it will be dead sea apple if we don't do it exactly right.
这个计划听起来很完美，但如果我们不切实执行，一切都是一场空。
1.日常用语类
busboy 餐馆勤杂工（不是“公汽售票员”）
busybody 爱管闲事的人（不是“大忙人”）
dry goods （美）纺织品；（英）谷物（不是“干货”）
eleventh hour 最后时刻（不是“十一点”）
lover 情人（不是“爱人”）
dead president 美钞（上印有总统头像）（并非“死了的总统”）
sweet water 淡水（不是“糖水”）
confidence man 骗子（不是“信得过的人”）
criminal lawyer 刑事律师（不是“犯罪的律师”）
rest room 厕所（不是“休息室”）
dressing room 化妆室（不是“试衣室”或“更衣室”）
horse sense 常识（不是“马的感觉”）
capital idea 好主意（不是“资本主义思想”）
black tea 红茶（不是“黑茶”）
black stranger 完全陌生的人（不是“陌生的黑人”）
white man 忠实可靠的人（不是“皮肤白的人”）
green hand 新手（不是“绿手”）
blue stocking 女学者、女才子（不是“蓝色长统袜”）
Chinese dragon 麒麟（不是“中国龙”）
American beauty 红蔷薇（不是“美国美女”）
English disease 气管炎（不是“英国病”）
Spanish athlete 吹牛的人（不是“西班牙运动员”）
beat it！快跑（不是打他）（感谢博友mlau提供此词条）
2、成语类
pull one's leg 开玩笑（不是“拉后腿”）
in one's birthday suit 赤身裸体（不是“穿着生日礼服”）
eat one's words 收回已说的话（不是“吃话”）
an apple of love 西红柿（不是“爱情之果”）
handwriting on the wall 不祥之兆（不是“大字报”）
bring down the house 博得全场喝彩（不是“推倒房子”）
have a fit 勃然大怒（不是“试穿”）
think a great deal of oneself 高看或看重自己（不是“为自己想得很多”）
pull up one's socks 鼓起勇气（不是“提上袜子”）
3、表达类
Look out! 当心！（不是“向外看”）
What a shame! 多可惜！真遗憾！（不是“多可耻”）
You don't say! 是吗！（不是“你别说”）
You can say that again! 说得好！（不是“你可以再说一遍”）
I haven't slept better. 我睡得好极了。（不是“我从未睡过好觉”）
You can't be too careful in your work. 你工作越仔细越好。（不是“你工作不能太仔细”） It has been 4 years since I smoked. 我戒烟4年了。（不是“我抽烟4年了”） All his friends did not turn up. 他的朋友没全到。（不是“他的朋友全没到”）
People will be long forgetting her. 人们在很长时间内会记住她的。（不是“人们会永远忘记她”）
He was only too pleased to let them go. 他很乐意让他们走。（不是“他太高兴了，不愿让他们走”）
It can't be less interesting. 它无聊极了。（不是“它不可能没有趣”）
中国人常说错的20句英语
| 文章来源：网络 | 文章录入：随心飞扬 | 收集整理：嘉兴英语教学网 | 更新时间：2011-11-25 |
1. 我很喜欢。
错误：I very like it
正确：I like it very much.
2. 这个价格对我挺合适的。
错误：The price is very suitable for me.
正确：The price is right.
Note：suitable (合适的、相配的)最常见的用法是以否定的形式出现在告示或通知上，如：下列节目儿童不宜。The following programme is not suitable for children在这组句子中用后面的说法会更合适。
3. 你是做什么工作的呢？
错误：What’s your job?
正确：Are you working at the moment?
Note：what’s your job这种说法难道也有毛病吗？是的。因为如果您的谈话对象刚刚失业，如此直接的问法会让对方有失面子，所以您要问：目前您是在上班吗？Are you working at the moment?接下来您才问：目前您在哪儿工作呢？Where are you working these days?或者您从事哪个行业呢？What line of work are you in? 顺带说一下，回答这类问题时不妨说得具体一点，不要只是说经理或者秘书。
4. 用英语怎么说？
错误：How to say?
正确：How do you say this in English?
Note：How to say是在中国最为泛滥成灾的中国式英语之一，这决不是地道的英语说法。同样的句子有：请问这个词如何拼写？How do you spell that please?请问这个单词怎么读？How do you pronounce this word?
5. 明天我有事情要做。
错误：I have something to do tomorrow?
正确：Sorry but I am tied up all day tomorrow.
用I have something to do来表示您很忙，这也完全是中国式的说法。因为每时每刻我们都有事情要做，躺在那里睡大觉也是事情。所以您可以说我很忙，脱不开身：I’m tied up.还有其他的说法：I’m I can’t make it at that time. I’d love to, but I can’t, I have to stay at home.
6. 我没有英文名。
错误：I haven’t English name.
吹牛是一种夸大狂英文翻译篇六：单词整合
Unit 1
Shove [ʃʌv] vt. 挤；强使；撞；猛推 n. 推；挤
shove off 离开；开船
shove at 被强迫接受
When push comes to shove.到了紧要关头。 Could you please give me a hand? Let„s _____ the bookcase into place.
A. shoot B. shove C. contain D. indicate
【解析】
shoot意为“射击”。shove意为“推”。contain意为“包含”。indicate意为“指示, 指出”。 The engineers in this lab spent several weeks _____ their plans for the new bicycle.
A. counting B. stripping C. elaborating
D. casting
【解释】：
Count：v.计算；视为；依赖 n.计数；总数
Strip：v.剥去；剥夺；脱衣；除去 n.脱衣舞；长条；条状
Elaborate：adj.详尽的；复杂的；精心的；精美的；
v．详细地说明；用心制作；推敲；变得复杂
Cast：v.掷；抛；投；铸造；指定演员；加起来；投射（目光）；投（票）；预测
n.演员阵容；投掷
He ___ his underwear.
B、stripped out
C、stripped away D、stripped up
strip down to“脱到只剩下”与 strip off 同义； strip out “使…空无一物”；strip away“剥去、揭去、清除”；strip up 无意思。整句为“他把衣服脱得只剩下内衣”所以应选A
An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advanced medical _____ , will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology.
A. interference B. interruption C. intervention D. interaction
【解析】：
interference意为“阻碍；抵触；干涉”。
interruption意为“中止；障碍物；打扰；干扰；休止；间歇”。
intervention意为“插入；介入；干预；调停；斡旋”。
interaction意为“互相影响；互动”。
He ______to his friends about the crime.
A. prided
C. crow D. braggart
pride:指炫耀、夸口，自鸣得意，常与反身代词连用;brag:非正式用词，其夸耀和吹嘘意味,到了过分夸大，有时令人讨厌的地步(brag to sb. about/of sth.);crow:指大声吵嚷地吹嘘，夸耀自己做某事比他人做得好
braggart:吹牛大王，自吹自擂者
He bragged to his friends about the success.
We must pay attention to the ＿＿ of the contract.
A. trifle C. scrap
trifle: 小事、琐事 scrap: 碎片、残羹剩饭
overbearing 专横的
overwhelming 压倒性的、无法抗拒的、巨大
的
on top of things: in control of situation 掌控大局
Even if parents wanted to cut ___ at work, they couldn‟t afford it.
A. off B. in C. back D. away
Cut off: 切断、中断； Cut in: 插嘴、打断（谈话）；Cut away: 割掉、切除 Cut back: 减少、削减、缩减Cut back at work: do less work 削减工作
Persistence will carve ___ a way to success.
A.up B. down C. Into D. out
carve up: 瓜分；curve down: 切割下来；carve into: 雕成； carve out: 开拓
It is more hygienic to use __ paper tissues.
A、disposable B、throwaway
C、 nonrefundable D、nondisposable disposable: 可任意处理的, 一次性的； Throwaway: 用后即扔的, 浪费的；nonrefundable: 不退费的, 不可偿还的；nondisposable: 不能任意处置的
Sometimes you have to make a ________ to
get what you want
Sacrifice:指自愿或不自愿地舍弃自己的生命或权利等;
常用搭配：make sacrifices/ a sacrifice(to do)为做„作出牺牲
At the time of the collision , many people became ____with fear.
A. angry B. frantic C. furious D. frank angry:指一般“发怒的，生气的”；frantic:指喜悦、痛快、焦虑、愤怒或重压之下产生的狂乱、失常状态;furious:指因忿怒而引起的狂暴、愤怒的行为;frank:坦率的，直率的 The hunter ____ his spear at the tiger.
A、threw B、casted C、tossed D、hurled throw: 普通用词，使用广泛，仅指用力抛掷，不涉及动作方式或感情色彩。cast: 可与throw互换，指迅速扔出一个重量较轻的物体。toss: 指无什么目的地、轻轻地、随意地掷或扔，所扔掷的东西一般都比较轻。hurl: 指用力投掷，动作迅猛，所投掷的距离也较远。
Our boss is always ____ top of things.