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英译汉翻译练习篇一：英译汉翻译练习题
My father was a middle-class black. Though he was born poor, he achieved middle-class standing through much hard work and sacrifice (one of his favorite words) and by
identifying fully with solid middle-class values—mainly hard work, family life, property ownership, and education for his children (all four of whom have advanced degrees). In his mind these were not so much values as laws of nature. People who embodied them made up the positive images in his class identification. The negative images came largely from the blacks he had left behind because they were “going nowhere.”
Whether I live up to these values or not, I know that my acceptance of them is the result of lifelong conditioning. I know also that I share this conditioning with middle-class people of all races and that I can no more easily be free of it than I can be free of my race. For the middle-class black, conditioned by these values from birth, the sense of meaning they provide is as immutable as the color of his skin.
It has always annoyed me to hear from the mouths of certain arbiters of blackness that middle-class blacks should “reach back” and pull up those blacks less fortunate than
they—as though middle-class status were an unearned and essentially passive condition in which one needed a large measure of noblesse oblige to occupy one’s time. My own image is of reaching back from a moving train to lift on board those who have no tickets. A nobel enough sentiment—but might it not be wiser to show them the entire structure of principles, effort, and sacrifice that puts one in a position to buy a ticket any time one likes? This, I think, is something members of the black middle class can realistically offer to other blacks. Their example is not only a testament to possibility but also a lesson in method. But they cannot lead by example until they are released from a black identity that regards that example as suspect, that sees them as “marginally” black, indeed that holds them back by catching them in a double bind.
我的父亲是一个中产阶级的黑人。虽然他是天生的穷人，但他通过努力的工作和牺牲（他最喜欢的词之一）以及通过完全认同坚实的中产阶级价值观——主要包括：努力工作，重视家庭生活，拥有私人财产，注重子女的教育（所有四个孩子都获得硕士以上学位），成为了大部分中产阶级中的一员。在他的心中这些价值观念如同自然法则一样有价值。那些体现这些价值观念的人们在他的所属阶级认同中树立了良好的形象。负面的形象主要是被父亲抛在身后的底层黑人，因为他们碌碌无为。
我是否能够实现这些价值，我知道我能接受这些是终身熏陶效果。我也知道，我和所有种族的中产阶级的人，我摆脱它的约束和我自由脱离我的种族一样困难。对于中产阶级的黑人，从出生起就受到这些价值观念的约束，人们提供的意义解释就像我的肤色是黑色的一样永恒不变。
它总是使我很恼火，听到从某些黑暗仲裁者的嘴中产阶级黑人应该“达到”，并拉起那些不如他们幸运的黑人。好像他们中产阶级的地位是一个不劳而获的，基本上是被动的条件，一个需要在其一生中占用的较多时间的贵人举止。我自己的形象达到在行驶中的火车上提拔地板上那些没有票的人。足够高尚的情绪，但它会不会是更为明智的做法？展示给他们的原则，努力和牺牲整个结构，使人固定在一个位置，任何时候你喜欢买一张票吗？这个，我想，是黑人中产阶级的一些成员可以真实地给提供其他的黑人。他们不仅是一个证明的可能性，也是方法上一个借鉴。但他们不能以身作则，直到他们对从一个黑人身份怀疑中释放出来，看到他们卑微的五点，确实这使他们陷入到他们进退两难的境地。
英译汉翻译练习篇二：英译汉练习
中高级翻译英译汉使用技巧讲解（1）翻译练习 Commercial cargoes are transported by highway, water and rail . One recent innovation is "containerized" cargo. At the factory, crates of goods are placed in large metal containers on wheels , and the containers are sealed and hitched to trucks to be taken to railroad centers or ports , where large cranes lift them on to freight cars, barges or ships.
商业货物由公路,水路与铁路来运输,近来发明了"集装箱"货运. 在厂家就把货物装入带轮子的大型金属集装箱内,装箱密封后,挂在卡车后拉到铁路编组站或港口,用大吊车装上货物车厢,驳船或轮船.
Crime is partly a result of bad material conditions : certainly it is most prevalent among people whose lives are not satisfactory in obvious ways---people without a settled home , with parents separated or divorced , victims of various kinds of misfortune , including poverty and lack of education . But bad social conditions , in the obvious material sense , can hardly be accepted as the main explanation for a rapid increase of crime in the 1960s and 1970s . There are after all fewer people suffering from the bad conditions than before , and it is much easier to make a very satisfactory living by honest work now than it was forty years ago , on indeed at any previous time .The problem is shared with the rest of western civilization , and beyond it .
犯罪的部分原因是物质条件差;犯罪当然在生活明显不满意的人中最普遍,没有固定住处者, 父母分居或离婚者,各种灾祸的受害者,其中,包括贫困和缺乏教育者.可是社会物质条件差, 不能认为是六,七十年代犯罪剧增的主要原因.毕竟受穷者比以前少了,现在通过正当职业谋得相当满意的生计,比40年前,以至以往任何时候都容易多了. 这个问题在整个西方,以及其他地区都存在.
中高级翻译英译汉使用技巧讲解（2）人名,地名的英译 英语人名,地名,可以查找工具书,比如英汉辞典等等
中级口译的人名地名的翻译相对来说是比较简单的,我们翻译人名,地名必须遵循"音译"的原则.必须注意的是:
1) 用音译,慎用意译
如:人名Wall, Sleep,译成:"沃尔"与"斯利普",不可译成"墙"与"睡".地名China同样不可译成"陶瓷",这也是众所周知的事了
2) 人名中姓和名之间,用圆点间隔,如John Thomas Smith "约翰.托马斯.史密斯".
3) 要熟记一些常用的译名
比如:Franklin Roosevelt 罗斯福 Winston Churchill 邱吉尔
Napoleon 拿破仑 Aristotle 亚里士多德
Socrates 苏格拉底 New York 纽约
New Orleans 新奥尔良 Los Angeles 洛杉矶
Detroit 底特律 Chicago 芝加哥
平时就多看看有关资料,也不一定要全背出,只是心里要留个底儿,这样就不会闹笑话了词在不同语境的翻译技巧在我们的翻译教程之中第12页,就有关于see在不同语境情况之下的不同翻译,这说明要准
确的译出文章中关键词的意思,首先要注意语境的把握和上下文的搭配关系
1) company的翻译
He is fond of company.
他爱交朋友
Two is company, but three is none.
两人成伴,三人不欢
Among the company was an old man.
这群人中有位老人
Who keeps company with the wolf , will learn to howl.
跟狼在一起,就会学会狼叫("近墨者黑".)
I fell into company with him .
我偶然与他相识
Misery loves company.
同病相怜
The host amused the company with singing .
主人用歌唱来招待宾客
He is employed in an electronic company.
他在一家电器公司工作
2) 红与red的译法
英语中有red
She was dressed in red.
她身穿红衣
When he started criticizing my work , I really saw red.
他竟批评起我的工作来了,我立即火冒三丈
中高级翻译英译汉使用技巧讲解（3）代词的翻译
1. 句子内部指代的翻译
当代词与其所指代的对象在同一划线句中时，一般来可以将代词译为相对应的代词。但是如果前面出现多个名词，而且从数量、性质等方面很难判断代词的指代，则最好将代词翻译成相对应的名词。
98 71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structu
res that existed 15 billion years ago.
结构分析：这是一个复合句. But even more important是整个句子的状语，it was the farthest是主句，that scientists had been able to look into the past是修饰the farthest的定语从句，for引导原因状语从句（参见1995年71题），在这个状语从句中，what they were seeing是主语从句，were the patterns and structures是状语从句中的系表结构，that existed„是修饰名词patterns and structures的定语从句。
译 文： 但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观察到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
01 71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.
结构分析：这是一个复合句。There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors是主句，其中hosted by robots是过去分词短语做television chat shows的后置定语，with pollution monitors是介词短语修饰cars；that will disable them是定语从句，修饰pollution monitors ；when they offend是时间状语从句，修饰动词disable。
译 文： 届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排
污超标(违规)，监控器就会使其停驶。
01 74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration:"It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.
结构分析：这是一个复合句。But that is only the start of man-machine integration是主句，其中有一个插入语Pearson points out。It will be the beginning of the long process of integration是直接引语中的主句，that引导定语从句修饰名词integration， before the end of the next century是介词短语作状语。.
译 文： 但皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始："它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。"
2. 句外指代的翻译
A．对于指代具体某个或几个名词的词，一定要搞清楚他指代的内容，译文中用代词表示不清的就用名词来表达，哪怕是罗嗦一点也一定要多用名词，只有在明显清楚或者找不到合适的名词才用代词。P8-74
01 74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: "It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.
结构分析：这是一个复合句。But that is only the start of man-machine integration是主句，其中有一个插入语Pearson points out。It will be the beginning of the long process of integration是直接引语中的主句，that引导定语从句修饰名词integration， before the end of the next century是介词短语作状语。.
译 文： 但皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始："它是人机一体化漫长之
路的第一步，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。"
02 64)They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.
结构分析：这是一个复合句。主句是由两个并列的分句构成的：They are„, and they are；in which引导定语从句，修饰practices，其中is held responsible for „ and given credit for „并列做定语从句的谓语，given前面省略了助动词is。
译 文： 自由和尊严（它们）是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。
B． 若是代词指代的内容为前面的某个句子，需要总结，则在翻译的时候可以以模糊对模糊，根据具体情况将该代词译为“这种问法，这种说法，这个问题，这种做法„”P7-71 97 71) Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
结构分析：这是一个多重复合句。Actually,是副词做状语，修饰整个句子，it isn't,是主句，在because引导的原因状语从句中，that引导宾语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句修饰名词an agreed account，而the world does not have是省略了从句引导词that的定语从句，修饰something。
译 文： 事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。
“It isn't”看来非常简单，但真正翻译起来却不那么容易，因为它有两个难点：一是代词It指代什么？二是Isn’t 后面省略了什么？如果只是译成简单的“它不是”，译者和读者恐怕都会觉得莫名其妙。前面说过，弄清楚代词的指代内容一定要参见前文，而现在句中还有省略，那就更应该参见前文了。前面说“动物有权利吗？问题经常这样提出，这种提问方式听上去是一种有用的、能把问题讲清楚的开场白。” 句中的it 应该和前文中提到的it一样都表示“这种提问”，isn’t后面省略的内容也应该和前句的一样。因此这个句子补充完整之后就成了it isn’t a useful, ground-clearing way to start.由于表语太长，重复显得罗嗦，我们这里可以抓住最关键的词，而形容词ground-clearing（把问题讲清楚的）正好是这个关键词，所以补充的简单一点就是it isn’t a ground-clearing way，译成“这种提问并没有把问题讲清楚”。
中高级翻译英译汉使用技巧讲解（4）定语从句的翻译
定语从句在英语中大量出现.有长有短,结构有繁有简,对先行词的限制有强有弱,有时起着补充说明的作用,或者在逻辑上表示原因,目的,条件,让步和结果等等意义.因此对定语从句的翻译显得尤其重要,以下我将介绍给大家一些定语从句翻译的技巧
1) 压缩法
把英语的定语从句压缩成汉语的一个句子成分,也就是译成汉语中带"的"词组,当定语从句叫简短,则把这个带"的"汉语定语词组置于被修辞的词语之前
No doubt there are questions or principles involved which can not be ignored a
nd underestimated.
无疑,这里涉及人们不能忽视或低估的原则问题
Law offers us our best hope of overcoming the differences that prevail the world.
法律使我们对克服世界上普遍存在的分歧有了最大的希望
But Miggle's laugh , which was very infectious , broke the silence. 但是,密格尔的富有感染力的笑声打破了沉默
The deterioration of the international situation , which I noted in the introduction to the annual report last year , has continued.
我在去年的年度报告导言中提到的那种国际形势的恶化一直在继续
2) 拆译法
如果定语从句冗长复杂,不论是限制性的或是非限制性的,往往可以译成并列句,放在主句的前后,偶尔还可以完全脱离主句而独立成句
He will show her the place where they could make her look a proper dame----for next to nothing .
他可以带她到那个地方,在哪儿他们会把她打扮成一个漂亮的少女,而且花不了几个钱 I told the news to Robert, who told it to his friend Larry and soon the news spread all over the campus.
我把消息告诉了罗伯特,他又告诉了他的朋友莱里,消息很快在校园里传开了
They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which in the past ,many Chinese have laid down their lives.
他们在为实现一个理想而奋斗,这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的,许多中国人曾为之献出自己的生命
He had talked to Vice-President Nixon, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done.
他和副总统尼克松谈过话,副总统向他保证,凡是能够做到的,一定尽力去办.
3) 转译法
英语中有些定语从句在逻辑上对主句起着状语的作用,说明原因,目的,结果,条件和让步等等关系.汉译时应从原文的字里行间审定这些逻辑关系,然后译成汉语相应的偏正复句.
The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships , which require assistance of tugboats.
罢工使远洋轮不能靠岸,因为靠岸需要拖船的帮助
Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries , who will negotiate trade agreement with the respective government.
中国派出贸易代表团前往非洲各国,以便与这些国家的政府商谈贸易协定
My uncle , who will be seventy tomorrow , is still a keen sportsman . 尽管我大伯明天就满70岁了,但他仍然热衷于户外运动 来源:考试大
英译汉翻译练习篇三：英语专业八级翻译练习题英译汉
英语专业八级翻译练习题（一）
The Rewards of Living a Solitary Life
The other day an acquaintance of mine, a gregarious and charming man, told me he had found himself unexpectedly alone in New York for an hour or two between appointments. He went to the Whitney and spent the "empty" time looking at things in solitary bliss. For him it proved to be a shock nearly as great as falling in love to discover that he could enjoy himself so much alone.
参考译文：
独自生活的报偿
前些日子，我的一个熟人，一位热爱交际并很受欢迎的男士告诉我，他在纽约的两个约会之间偶然有一两个小时的空闲，他便去了惠特尼博物馆，四处浏览着展品，无比幸福的度过了那些时光。发现自已独自一人，也能如此的幸福，他感觉像坠入爱河那般震惊。 英语专业八级翻译练习题（二）
What had he been afraid of, I asked myself? That, suddenly alone, he would discover that he bored himself, or that there was, quite simply, no self there to meet? But having taken the plunge, he is now on the brink of adventure; he is about to be launched into his own inner space to the astronaut. His every perception will come to him with a new freshness and, for a time, seem startlingly original.
参考译文：
“他一直在害怕什么呢？”，我问自已。 怕突然一个人呆着会发现自已厌烦自己，或者怕会失去自我？但是有了这次偿试，他便要开始探险了。他就要发射到自已内心的宇宙之中。他的所见所感对他来说将会是全新的，一度会新颖的让人惊奇。
英语专业八级翻译练习题（三）
For anyone who can see things for himself with a naked eye becomes, for a moment or two, something of a genius. With another human being present vision becomes double vision, inevitably. We are busy wondering, what does my companion see or think of this, and what do I think of it? The original impact gets lost, or diffused 参考译文：
因此每个能用肉眼观看事物的人，一时之间便成为天才。身边有别人存在，一个看法便不可避免地变成了双重看法。我们急于知道周边人的看法，以及我对它是怎么看的？” 最初的印像消失了，或者变得模糊不清。
英语专业八级翻译练习题（四）
Music I heard with you was more than music." Exactly. And therefore music itself can only be heard alone. Solitude is the salt of personhood. It brings out the authentic flavor of every experience.
"Alone one is never lonely: the spirit adventures, walking in a quiet garden, in a cool house, abiding single there."
“与你共享的音乐便不止是音乐了。” 的确如此。因此，音乐本身只能一个人独自聆听。独处是人生的趣味所在，它让人感受到所有经历的真实韵味。
“独居但不孤独：精神在不停的探索，徜徉于静寂的花园中，徘徊在阴凉的房舍里，独自在那逗留。
英语专业八级翻译练习题（五）
Loneliness is most acutely felt with other people, for with others,even with a lover sometimes, we suffer from our differences of taste, temperament,mood. Human intercourse often demands that we soften the edge of perception, or withdraw at the very instant of personal truth for fear of hurting, or of being inappropriately present, which is to say naked, in a social situation.
参考译文:
与别人呆在一起时孤独感更为强烈，因为与他人在一起，即使是恋人，我们也会被不同的品味，不同的性格，以及不同的情绪所困扰。人际交往要求我们必须磨掉感知的棱角，在每每涉及个人私事时，我们因为怕伤害别人而避而不谈，或者害怕在社交场合不合时宜，比如过于暴露自已。
英语专业八级翻译练习题（六）
Alone we can afford to be wholly whatever we are, and to feel whatever we feel absolutely. That is a great luxury!
For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and mine has been that for the last twenty years, is that it becomes increasingly rewarding. When I can wake up and watch the sun rise over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an entire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to write a few pages, take a walk with my dog, lie down in the afternoon for a long think (why does one think better in a horizontal position?), read and listen to music, I am flooded with happiness. 参考译文:
独自一人，我们便可以随心所欲，感受真正的自我。那真是有些奢侈的享受！
我已独自生活了二十年。对我来说，独自生活最大意义在于它变得越来越有益。当早晨醒来，像往常一样看着旭日从海平面上冉冉升起，我知道后面有整整一天。在这一天里， 我可以不受打扰地写几页书，带着我的狗一起散散步，下午长时间地躺着想一些事情（为什么人躺着时能更好地思考？），读读书，听听音乐。想到这些，我便沉浸在幸福之中
英语专业八级翻译练习题（七）
I am lonely only when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out.
Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where my self is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants, perhaps, and looking again at each one as though it were a person, by feeding the two cats, by cooking a meal.
参考译文：
只有在我过度劳累的时候，在我长时间不间断地工作的时侯，在我感到内心空虚，需要充实的时候，我才会感到寂寞。有时，外出演讲回来，见了许多人,讲了许多话，心中满是纷乱的体验需要整理，偶而也会觉得孤独。
于是有那么一会儿，我会感到整个房子非常大，空荡荡的。不知此时的自我又藏匿于何处。这时，我会给花草浇浇水，挨个瞅瞅，仿佛它们是活生生的人一样，或是喂喂两只小猫，亲手做顿饭菜，这样自我就慢慢地重新找回。
英语专业八级翻译练习题（八）
It takes a while, as I watch the surf blowing up in fountains at the end of the field, but the moment comes when the world falls away, and the self emerges again from the deep unconscious, bringing back all I have recently experienced to be explored and slowly understood, when I can converse again with my hidden powers, and so grow, and so be renewed, till death do us part.
参考译文：
田野的尽头泉水喷涌翻腾，我注视良久。现实世界逐渐模糊起来，自我再次从内心深处浮现。最近的种种经历都随之而来，待我可以再次同内心潜在力量交流时，慢慢地探究和领会。这些力量便这样慢慢增强，不断获得新生，直至死神将我们分开.。
英语专业八级翻译练习题（九）
El Dorado
It seems as if a great deal were attainable in a world where there are so many marriages and decisive battles, and where we all, at certain hours of the day, and with great gusto and despatch, stow a portion of victuals finally and irretrievably into the bag which contains us. And it would seem also, on a hasty view, that the attainment of as much as possible was the one goal of man's contentious life. And yet, as regards the spirit, this is but a semblance.
注：《英汉大辞典》1第553页上的解释是：“El Dorado,1.(早期西班牙探险家想象中在南美洲的)黄金国（或城）2.想象中极为富庶的地方；机会多的地方。”
参考译文：
黄金囸
在这充满联姻婚嫁、决战厮杀的世界里，每天特定时刻，我们都欣然而又迅速地把一份食物一去不返地吞入包裹我们的皮囊。这个世界看上去似乎有很多东西都是可以得到的。猛然看来，尽可能地获取也成为纷繁人生的唯一目标。然而，对于精神世界来说，这只不过是表面现象。
英语专业八级翻译练习题（十）
We live in an ascending scale when we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series. There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life. To be truly happy is a question of how we begin and not of how we end, of what we want and not of what we have.
参考译文：
正是因为不停地追求进取，我们才感到生活幸福。一件事完成后，另一件随之而来，如此连绵不绝，永无止境。对于往前看的人来说，眼前总有一番新天地。虽然我们蜗居于这颗小行星上，整日忙于锁事且生命短暂，但我们生来就有不尽的希望，如天上繁星，遥不可及。只要生命犹在，希望便会不止。真正的幸福在于怎样开始，而不是如何结束，在于我们的希翼，而并非拥有。
英语专业八级翻译练习题（十一）
An aspiration is a joy for ever, a possession as solid as a landed estate, a fortune which we can never exhaust and which gives us year by year a revenue of pleasurable activity. To have many of these is to be spiritually rich. Life is only a very dull and ill-directed theatre unless we have some interests in the piece; and to those who have neither art nor science, the world is a mere arrangement of colours, or a rough footway where they may very well break their shins. 参考译文:
渴望是永远的乐趣，一笔如地产般真实稳固的财富，用之不尽，取之不竭。每年我们都会因为拥有渴望而充满活力。一个人如有许多希望，精神便会富足。人生只不过是一场单调乏味且编导拙劣的戏，除非我们对这戏有些兴趣;对于既没有艺术细胞也没有科学细胞的人来说，这个世界只不过是各种颜色的堆积，或者是一条崎岖小路，一不小心就会摔伤小腿。
英语专业八级翻译练习题（十二）
It is in virtue of his own desires and curiosities that any man continues to exist with even patience, that he is charmed by the look of things and people, and that he wakens every morning with a renewed appetite for work and pleasure. Desire
and curiosity are the two eyes through which he sees the world in the most enchanted colours: it is they that make women beautiful or fossils interesting: and the man may squander his estate and come to beggary, but if he keeps these two amulets he is still rich in the possibilities of pleasure.
参考译文:
正是因为希望与好奇，我们才会以加倍的耐心继续生存，才会着迷于纷繁复杂、多姿多彩的人或事，早晨醒来才会以崭新的热情投入新一天的工作和娱乐。希望和好奇是人观看这绚丽迷人的世界的一双眼睛：正是这双眼睛使得女人美丽妩媚，又使顽石妙趣横生 。一个人可以倾家荡产，沦为乞丐，可是只要他还有这两个“护身符”，他就仍然可能拥有无限的欢乐
英语专业八级翻译练习题（十三）
Suppose he could take one meal so compact and comprehensive that he should never hunger any more; suppose him, at a glance, to take in all the features of the world and allay the desire for knowledge; suppose him to do the like in any province of experience - would not that man be in a poor way for amusement ever after?
One who goes touring on foot with a single volume in his knapsack reads with circumspection, pausing often to reflect, and often laying the book down to contemplate the landscape or the prints in the inn parlour; for he fears to come to an end of his entertainment, and be left companionless on the last stages of his journey.
参考译文:
假如一个人一顿饭吃得紧凑而丰盛，那他就不会再感到饥饿；假如一眼就能看透人间世事，他就不会再有求知的欲望。如果他在生活中其它任何领域都是如此，那他的生活还有乐趣可言吗？
一个徒步旅行的人，背包里只有一本书，他会精心的研读，不时停下来思考一番，还经常会放下书，凝视着风景，或者观赏酒馆里的装饰图案；他害怕一但读完，便没有什么乐趣了，剩下的旅程将寂寞而无以为藉。
英译汉翻译练习篇四：英译汉练习
英译汉翻译练习篇五：英译汉段落翻译练习
Hollywood
Hollywood suggests glamour, a place where the young starstruck teenagers could, with a bit of luck, fulfill their dreams. Hollywood suggests luxurious houses with vast palm-fringed swimming pools, cocktail bars and furnishings fit for a millionaire. And the big movie stars were millionaires. Many spent their fortunes on yachts, Rolls Royces and diamonds. A few of them lost their glamour quite suddenly and were left with nothing but emptiness and colossal debts.
好莱坞充满魅力。在这里，那些梦想当明星的少男少女们，若是有点儿运气，可以实现他们的梦想。好莱坞使人联想到棕榈树环绕的大游泳池、鸡尾酒吧和室内陈设时候百万富翁居住的豪华住宅。而大碗明星都是百万富翁。许多电影明星花巨资购买游艇、劳斯莱斯豪华轿车和钻石饰品。但也有少数的电影明星很快失去了光彩，剩下的只有空虚感和一屁股债。
Western (美国西部片)
In those days Hollywood was like a magnet, drawing ambitious young men and women from all over the world. Most of them had only good looks to recommend them and had no acting experience —or ability— whatsoever. Occasionally they got jobs, if they were lucky enough to be noticed. Gary Cooper was one of the few who were noticed. He started as a stunt rider, and from there rose to be one of the great stars of the early Westerns.
那些日子里好莱坞像块磁铁，吸引着世界各地满怀抱负的青年男女。他们当中的大多数只有能让人看得见的漂亮的外表，并无任何表演经验或者才干。如果他们走运能被人们注意到，偶尔也能在电影里弄个角色演演。盖瑞古博就是那些被人注意到的为数不多的年轻人中的一位。他开始的时候是做马术替身，此后一跃成为出演早期美国西部片的著名影星之一。
America is the land of opportunities for women. Already they own about eighty-five percent of the wealth of the nation. Soon they will have it all. Divorce has become a lucrative process, simple to arrange and easy to forget; and ambitious females can repeat it as often as they please and parlay their winnings to astronomical figures. The husband’s death also brings satisfactory rewards and some ladies prefer to rely upon this method. They know that the waiting period will not be unduly protracted, for overwork and hypertension are bound to get the poor devil before long, and he will die at his desk with a bottle of Benzedrine in one hand and a packet of tranquillizers in the other.
英译汉翻译练习篇六：英译汉翻译练习。。补充
英译汉翻译练习篇七：英译汉翻译练习2014
翻译练习
1. All the prayers said the same: There was a God Who sees, Who hears, Who takes pity on man, Who contains His wrath, Who forgives sin, Who wants men to repent, Who punishes evil deeds, Who rewards goods deeds in this world and ---- what was even more --- in the other.
2. It is a pleasing sight of a Sunday morning, when the bell is sending its sober melody across the quiet field, to behold the peasantry in their best finery, with ruddy faces and modest cheerfulness, thronging tranquilly along the green lanes to church; but it is still more pleasing to see them in the evenings, gathering about their cottage doors, and appearing to exult in the humble comforts and embellishments which their own hands have spread around them.
3. He had seen hundreds of similar farces. The husband was always fatuous, the wife unfaithful, the lover cunning… Who mocked whom here? The same rabble existed everywhere. They danced at weddings and wailed at funerals, swore faithfulness at the altar and corrupted the institution of marriage, wept over a forlorn, fictious, little orphan and butchered each other in wars, pogroms and revolutions.
4. He was a little man, barely five feet tall, with a narrow chest and one shoulder higher than the other, and he was thin almost to emaciation. He had a crooked nose, but a fine brow and his colour was fresh. His eyes, though small, were blue, lively and penetrating. He was natty in his dress. He wore a small blond wig, a black tie, and a shirt with ruffles round the throat and wrists; a coat, breeches and waistcoat of fine cloth, gray silk stockings and shoes with silver buckles. He carried his three-cornered hat under his arm and in his hand a gold-headed cane. He walked every day, rain or fine, for exactly one hour, but if the weather was threatening, his servant walked behind him with a big umbrella.
5. With September comes a sense of autumn. It creeps in on a misty dawn and vanishes in the hot afternoon. It tiptoes through the treetops, rouging a few leaves, then rides a tuft of thistledown across the valley and away. It sits on a hilltop and hoots kike an October owl in the dusk. It plays tag with the wind. September is a changeling busy as a squirrel in a hickory tree, idle as a languid brook. It is summer’s ripeness and richness fulfilled.
6. We chase after it, when it is waiting all about us
Our Pursuit of Happiness
“Are you happy?” I asked my brother, Ian, one day .”Yes. No. It depends what you mean,” he said.
“Then tell me,” I said, “when was the last time you think you were happy?”
“April 1967,” he said.
It served me right for putting a serious question to someone who has joked his way through life. But Ian’s answer reminded me that when we think about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary. a pinnacle of sheer delight---and those pinnacles seem to get rarer the older we get.
For a child, happiness has a magical quality. I remeber making hide-outs in newly cut hay, playing cops and robbers in the woods, getting a speaking part in the school play. Of course, kids also experience lows, but their delight at such peaks of pleasure as winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved.
In the teen-age years, the concept of happiness changes. Suddenly it’s conditional on such things as excitement, love, popularity and whether that zit will clear up before prom night. I can still feel the agony of not being invited to a party that almost everyone else was going to. But I also recall the ecstasy of being plucked from obscurity at another event to dance with a John Travolta look-alike.
In adulthood the things that bring profound joy---birth, love, marriage---also bring responsibility and the risk of loss. Love may not last, sex isn’t always good, loved ones die. For adults, happiness is complicated.
My dictionary defines happy as “lucky” or “fortunate,” but I think a better definition of happiness is “the capacity of enjoyment”. The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we
are. It’s easy to overlook the pleasure we get from loving and being loved, the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, even good health.
I added up my little moments of pleasure yesterday. First there was sheer bliss when I shut the last lunchbox and had the house to myself. Then I shut the last lunchbox and had house to myself. Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing, which I love, When the kids came home, I enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day.
Later, peace descended again, and my husband and I enjoyed another pleasure---intimacy. Sometimes just the knowledge that he wants me can bring me joy.
You never know where happiness will turn up next. When I asked friends what makes them happy, some mentioned seemingly insignificant moments, “I love shopping,” one friend said. “But there’s this clerk who always chats and really cheers me up.”
Another friend loves the telephone. “Every time it rings, I know someone is thinking about me.”
I get a thrill from driving. One day I stopped to let a school bus turn onto a side road. The driver grinned and gave me a thumbs-up sign. We were two allies in a word of mad motorists. It made me smile.
We all experience moments like these. Too few of us register them as happiness.
Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a blend of enjoyable leisure time and satisiying work, I doubt that my great-grandmother, who raised 14 children and took in washing, had much of either. She did have a network of close friends and family, and maybe this is what fulfilled her. If she was happy with what she had, perhaps it was because she didn’t expect life to be very different.
We, on the other hand, with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area, have turned happiness into one more thing we “gotta have.” We’re so self-conscious about our “right” to it that it’s making us miserable. So we chase it and equate it with wealth and success, without noticing that the people who have those things aren’t necessarily happier.
While happiness may be more complex for us, the solution is the same as ever. Happiness isn’t about what happens to us---it’s about how we perceive what happens to us. It’s the knack of finding a positive for every negative, and viewing a setback as a challenge. It’s not wishing for what we don’t have, but enjoying what we do possess.
7. Parents are required to see that their children receive full-time education, at school or elsewhere, between the ages of 5 and 16 in England, Scotland and Wales and 4 and 16 in Northern Ireland. About 93 percent of pupils receive free education from public funds, while the others attend independent schools financed by fees paid by parents.
Many, aged 3-4 years, children attend nursery schools and classes (or, in England, reception classes in primary schools). Pre-school education may also be provided in some private day nurseries and pre-school playgroups (which are largely organized by parents).
The Government has stated its commitment to a major expansion of pre-school education and wants all children to begin school with a basic foundation in literacy and numeracy. From September 1998 it is providing free nursery education in England and Wales for all 4 year olds whose parents want it, and is committed to staged targets for provision for 3 year olds thereafter. Local education authorities, in partnership with private and voluntary providers, have drawn up “early years development plans” for securing these objects. The plans are designd to show how co-operation between private nurseries, playgroups and schools can best serve the interests of children and their parents. From April 1999, early years development partnerships and plans will be expanded to deliver quality childcare integrated with early education. In addition, the Government is working with local authorities and others in England to establish “early excellence centers” designed to demonstrate good practice in education and childcare.
In Scotland, local education authorities have been taking the leading role, from August 1998, in planning and co-ordinating pre-school education and in providing places, working in partnership with voluntary and private providers. The Government planned to give all children in the pre-school year access to quality, part-time education by the winter of 1998.
Northern Ireland has a lower compulsory school age of 4 and a single school entry date in September each year. A pre-school education expansion programme, undertaken through partnership between the education and library boards, other statutory providers and the private and voluntary sectors, has provided additional pre-school places.(全国翻译专业资格考试英语三级笔译实务试题)
8. The most important day I remember in my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield
Sullivan, came to me, I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.
On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch ,dumb ,expectant, I guessed vaguely from my mother’s signs and from the hurrying to and fro in the house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps .The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face .My fingers lingered almost unconsciously on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just come forth to greet the sweet southern spring. I did not know what the future held of marvel or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me. Continually for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle.
Have you ever been at the sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ship before my education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbour was. “Light! Give me light!” was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.
I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I supposed to my mother. Some one took it ,and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to reveal all things to me ,and, more than all things else, to love me.
9. This matter of other people’s learning and accomplishments has been worrying me for some time. I never read the life of any important person without discovering that he knew more and could do more than I could ever hope to know or to do in half a dozen life-times. To begin with, unless these people chance to be obvious invalids like Stevenson or Tchehov, they are always tremendous athletes, with surprising strength, powers of endurance, and so forth. They could all walk and run and climb our heads off, even when they were seventy. Then they all have the gift of tongues. You never catch a glimpse of them sitting down to learn a new language, not even running an eye over its irregular verbs, yet it is admitted that they speak any number with an astonishing fluency and purity of accent. They never confine themselves to one science , but are inevitably masters of several. The big book of Nature they know by heart. Only the other day I
英译汉翻译练习篇八：英译汉练习短文6篇
·英译汉练习短文6篇·
Passage 1
Satiric Literature1
Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of perspective. Satire rarely offers original ideas. Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form. Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies. What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful, or affected. Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false. Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd; Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism. None of these ideas is original. Chivalry was suspected before Cervantes2, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley3, and people were aware of famine before Swift4. It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression，the satiric method, that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive. They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense briskness5 they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions6. With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition, and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude.
Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing7, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth, though rarely to any action on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media is sanctimonious, sentimental, and only partially true. Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it. Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies attribute to them, not do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity. Intelligent people know these things but tend to forget them when they do not hear them expressed8.
Notes
1．这篇文章用词正式，句式严谨、周密、冗长，文风较为华丽。翻译时选词要正式，可多用四字结构和铺排形式。
2．Cervantes: 塞万提斯（1754-1616），西班牙伟大的作家、诗人、戏剧家。
3．Aldous Huxley:奥尔德斯·赫胥黎（1825-1895），英国生物学家，作家。
4．Swift: 斯威夫特（1667-1745），英国作家，擅长用讽刺和幽默揭露社会黑暗现象。
5．briskness：brisk意为keen or sharp in speech or manner。
6．secondhand opinions：不可翻译为“二手的观点”，应该是“人云亦云的的观点”。
7．cheap moralizing：这里cheap意思不是“便宜的”，而是vulgar, contemptible; moralizing不是“道德”，而是“说教”。
8．when they do not hear them expressed：当直译不方便时，我们可用视点转移法：但是当周围人不谈起时
Key
讽刺文学
或许讽刺文学最突出的特点是它耳目一新、视角独创。讽刺文学很少给人以原创的思想,但是它却将人们熟悉的事情以全新的形式展现出来。讽刺作家并不给人以新的哲学理念。他们所做的只是从某一视角来看待一些为人熟知的事情，在这一视角下，这些事情显得愚蠢不堪、充满危害而又矫揉造作。讽刺作品将我们从自鸣得意中震醒，让我们既愉快又惊诧地看到，我们从未质疑、全盘接受的价值观中，有很多都是错误的。《唐吉珂德》使得骑士精神显得荒谬可笑；《挑战新世界》嘲笑了科学的自诩；《一个小小的建议》则建议食用人肉，使饥饿问题戏剧化。这些思想中没有一条是原创的：在塞万提斯之前就有人怀疑骑士精神；在赫胥黎之前人文主义者就反对宣称纯科学的至高无上；在斯威夫特之前人们就已经意识到饥荒问题。并不是思想的独创而使得讽刺文学受人欢迎，而是它的表述方式、嘲讽方法使得它趣味横生、有娱乐性。人们阅读讽刺文学只是因为在美学上它是让人心满意足的艺术品，而不是因为它在道德上有益或伦理上的教益。它激人兴奋、爽人身心，因为它只是运用常理通识、辛言辣语，便将各种幻想和人云亦云的观点一扫而光。讽刺文学自心而来不拘谦恭，它重新调整视角，将熟悉的事物紊杂地放置在一起，用个性化的语言而不是抽象的陈词滥语表述出来。
讽刺作品之所以存在是因为人们需要它。它存续至今，是因为读者欣赏爽身怡心的刺激和不拘谦恭的告诫，它提醒读者，他们生活的世界里充满了陈腐的思想意识、低俗的道德说教和愚蠢的哲学理念。讽刺作品虽然很少代表真理促成行动，但它却能使人们感悟到真理。讽刺作品常常告诉人们，他们在大众媒体中所看到的、听到的、读到的大多是伪装善良、多愁善感或只有部分真实。生活只在很小的程度上与大众对它的印象相符。士兵们很少拥有电影赋予他们的理想，而普通老百姓也决不会把自己的生命无私地奉献给人道主义服务。聪明人知道这些事实，但是当周围人不谈起时，他们常常会忘记掉。
Passage 2
American Folk Art
What we today call American folk art was, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday1 “folks” who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits. Citizens of prosperous, essentially middle-class republics—whether ancient Romans, seventeenth-century Dutch burghers, or nineteenth-century Americans—have always shown a marked taste for portraiture. Starting in the late eighteenth century, the United States contained increasing number of such people, and of the artists who could meet their demands.
The earliest American folk art portraits come, not surprisingly, from New England — especially Connecticut and Massachusetts—for this was a wealthy and populous region and the center of a strong craft tradition. Within a few decades after the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the population was pushing westward, and the portrait painters could be found at work in western New York, Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois, and Missouri. Midway through its first century2 as a nation, the United States’ population had increased roughly five times, and eleven new states had been added to original thirteen. During these years, the demand for portraits grew and grew, eventually to be satisfied by camera. In 1839 the daguerreotype was introduced to America, ushering in the age of photography, and within a generation the new invention put an end to the popularity of painted portraits. Once again an original portrait became a luxury, commissioned by the wealthy and executed by the professional.
But in the heyday of portrait painting—from the late eighteenth century until the 1850’s — anyone with a modicum of artistic ability could become a limner, as such a portraitist3 was called.
Local craftspeople—sign, coach, and house painters—began to paint portraits as a profitable sideline; sometimes a talented man or woman who began by sketching family members gained a local reputation and was besieged with requests for portraits; artists found it worth their while to pack their paints, canvasses, and brushes and to travel the countryside, often combining house decorating with portrait painting.
Notes
everyday: 意为commonplace, ordinary
midway through its first century: 美国独立后50年间
portraitist：译为“画师”，以和前面的limner（画家）相区别。
Key
美国民间艺术
我们所说的美国民间艺术是由普通百姓所拥有、创造并享受的艺术。随着财富和闲暇与日俱增，他们创造了各种艺术的市场，特别是肖像绘画。家境殷实的、主要是中产阶级的市民——不管他们是古罗马人，或是17世纪荷兰自治城市富裕居民，抑或是19世纪的美国人——都对肖像绘画艺术表现出突出的爱好。从18世纪晚期开始，美国这一群体的数量不断增加，而且满足画像要求的艺术家也不断地增加。
勿需惊奇，美国最早的民间艺术画像来自于新英格兰地区——特别是康涅狄格州和.麻萨诸塞州——因为这一地区富裕、人口稠密，而且是浓厚艺术传统的中心。1776年《独立宣言》宣布后的几十年中，人口不断西徙，在纽约州西部、俄亥俄州、肯塔基州、伊利诺斯州、密苏里州，人们随处可见肖像画师绘画的身影。美国独立后50年间，人口增加了近5倍，原先13个州又增加了11个。在这些岁月里，肖像绘画的要求不断增长，直到有了照相机才算得到满足。1839年银版照相法传入美国，摄影时代开始，而且，在不超过一代人的时间内，手工画像就不再风靡了。从此，人物画像又成为了奢侈品——有钱人提出绘画要求，专业画家来完成绘画。
但是在肖像绘画的全盛时期——从18世纪晚期到19世纪50年代——任何有一点艺术才能的人都可以成为“画家”，当时的肖像画师就是这么被人称呼的。当地艺人——标牌、马车、房屋的画师——也开始画人物肖像作为一个赚钱的副业。有时候有绘画天赋的男子或妇女一开始只给家庭成员勾勒画像，很快在当地声誉鹊起，然后很多人前来要求画像；艺术家们发现，他们收拾起颜料、画布、画笔去各地巡游，既做房屋装饰又画人物肖像，是一件非常值得的事情。
Passage 3
Crows
Crows are probably the most frequently met and easily identifiable members of the native fauna of the United States. The great number of tales, legends, and myths about these birds indicates that people have been exceptionally interested in them for a long time. On the other hand, when it comes to substantive─particularly behavioral─information, crows are less well known than many comparably common species and, for that matter, not a few quite uncommon ones, the endangered California condor, to cite one obvious example .There are practical reasons for this.
Crows are notoriously poor and aggravating subjects for field research. Keen observers and quick learners, they are astute about the intentions of other creatures, including researchers, and adept at avoiding them. Because they are so numerous, active, and monochromatic, it is difficult to distinguish one crow from another. Bands, radio transmitters, or other identifying devices can be attached to them, but this of course requires catching live crows, who are among the wariest and most untrappable of birds.
Technical difficulties aside, crow research is daunting because the ways of these birds are so complex and various. As preeminent generalists, members of this species ingeniously exploit a great range of habitats and resources, and they can quickly adjust to changes in their circumstances. Being so educable, individual birds have markedly different interests and inclinations, strategies and scams. For example, one pet crow learned how to let a dog out of its kennel by pulling the pin on the door. When the dog escaped, the bird went into the kennel and ate its food.
Key
乌鸦
乌鸦可能是美国本土动物中最常见、也是最容易识别的成员（物种）。关于它的奇闻异事和神话传说（故事、传说和神话）流传众多，可见，人们对它的浓厚兴趣由来已久。另一方面，在提及对它的本性——特别是行为方面的了解时，与其他同样普通和一些非常罕见的物种——一个显而易见的例子是加州濒临灭绝的秃鹫——相比，它更鲜为人知。这其中有一些实际的原因。
众所周知，野外的乌鸦研究成果甚少，并让研究者苦恼不已。它们观察敏锐，领悟快捷，善于分辨其他动物和研究人员的意图，并能巧妙地避开他们。由于乌鸦数量众多、颜色单一、机警灵活，人们很难把它们区分开来。人们当然可以把脚环、无线电发射机和其他识别装置缚在乌鸦身上，但这却要满足一个前提，那就是活抓乌鸦——但这却是最为机警、最难抓到的鸟类之一。
乌鸦的研究之所以令人却步，撇开技术上的困难不谈，其原因之一便是它们生活方式复杂多变。它们是超凡的多面手，其种族中的一些成员创造性地开发了大量的栖息地、利用大量的资源，而且能很快适应环境的变化。由于善于学习，每个乌鸦个体都有迥然不同的兴趣、爱好，策略和花招。比如，有一只宠物乌鸦，学会将狗窝上的门闩拉开放狗出窝。狗出窝后，它便进去，享用了狗的美食。
Passage 4
Life on Earth
Life originated in the early seas less than a billion years after the Earth was formed. Yet another three billion years were to pass before the first plants and animals appeared on the continents. Life’s transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an evolutionary challenge as was the genesis of life.
What forms of life were able to make such a drastic change in lifestyle The traditional view of the first terrestrial organisms is based on megafossils--relatively large specimens of essentially whole plants and animals. Vascular plants, related to modern seed plants and ferns, left the first comprehensive megafossil record. Because of this, it has been commonly assumed that the sequence of terrestrialization reflected the evolution of modern terrestrial ecosystems. In this view, primitive vascular plats first colonized the margins of continental waters, followed by animals that fed on the plants, and lastly by animals that preyed on the plant-eaters. Moreover, the megafossils suggest that terrestrial life appeared and diversified explosively near the boundary between the Silurian and the Devonian periods, a little more than 400 million years ago.
Recently, however, paleontologists have been taking a closer look at the sediments below this Silurian-Devonian geological boundary. It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rocks in an acid bath. The technique has uncovered new evidence from sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient oceans-plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals. In many instances the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter. Although they were entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of the fossils consist of the organic remains of the organism.
These newly discovered fossils have not only revealed the existence of previously unknown organisms, but have also pushed back these dates for the invasion of land by multicellular organisms. Our views about the nature of the early plant and animal communities are now being revised. And with those revisions come new speculations about the first terrestrial life-forms.
Key
在地球形成不到十亿年的时间后，生命就起源于早期的海洋了。然而（按照以前通行的观点），要再过30亿年，第一批动植物才出现在大陆上。或许，正如生命的起源一样，生命从海洋向陆地的过渡，同样在进化论上受到质疑。
什么形式的生命能使其生活方式发生如此惊人的变化？对于第一批登陆的生物，传统的观点是建立在巨化石基础上的，这些巨化石是一些基本上完整的动植物的较大标本。与现代种子植物和蕨类植物有种属相关的微管植物，留下了一批巨化石记录。因此，人们可以推测，生命登陆的次序反映了现代陆生系统的进化。按照这种观点，维管植物首先移居到大陆水域的周边，其次是以这种植物为食的动物，最后是吃这种食草动物的动物。而且，巨化石也表明（提示），在四亿多年前的志留纪和盆泥纪之间的期间（在志留纪和盆泥纪之间的期间，即四亿多年前），陆生生命已经出现，种类也急剧增加。
但是最近，古生物学家一直对志留纪-盆泥纪抵制界限以下的积淀物进行更为周密的调查。结果表明，将岩石放在一些盛有酸的容器里，一些化石就能从这些沉淀物中离析出来。这项技术从古海洋岸边的沉积物中又发现了新的证据——植物的微小化石以及在显微镜才可以看得见的小动物的碎片。多数情况下，标本的直径不足1/10微米。尽管他们在岩石中埋藏了数亿年，许多化石仍遗留有生物体的有机物质。
这些新发现的化石不仅揭示了先前不为人质的有机体的存在，也将多细胞生物进居陆地的时间向前推移。我们对早期动植物群体（群落）本质的看法正得以修正，随之而来的是对第一批陆生生命的新推断。
Passage 5
英译汉翻译练习篇九：英译汉翻译练习
1．
简单的原因是，在第一种社会中有很多看待出现在那种社会里的事物的观点。
由于有更多的生活的领域要去选择， 这些因素都会促进社会的变革。
在一个社会里，社会的变革更有可能
也更频繁地发生在文化的物质方面，而不是非物质方面，比如技能方面而不是价值方面。 .
而且，社会的变革如果社会逐步地，那就更容易些。例如，有可能在人们的关系上发生持续的变化，而不是突然地发生一分为二的变化。
这就是为什么同其他少数民族相比，变革没有更快地发生在美国黑人的身上的一个原因。因为黑人与白人的
第二组
1. 说你改变生活习惯，还说如果你采取七种简便易行的生活方式，寿命
但如果你仔细阅读这份报告，会发现另外一种解释这一研究结果的方法。 病所持的态度。
这种理论很可能产生有益的效果，历
in what has been learned later in life…. 特别是人们难以相信了解疾病机制就能治愈疾病.
第三组
1. I think, however, that, provided work is not excessive in amount, even the dullest work is to most people less painful than idleness.
可是我认为，假如工作不是超负荷，即使是最乏味的工作对大多数人来
英译汉翻译练习篇十：英译汉翻译训练
一、课程基本信息
课程代码：
课程中文名： 英译汉翻译训练
课程英文名: Practice on Translation from English into Chinese
所属院系: 外语学院
课程层次： 本科阶段主干课程 硕士生课程 博士生课程 研究生课程
课程类别： 公共必修课 专业必修课 专业选修课 同等学力补修课 实践环节 学术活动 授课方式： 面授讲课 辅导 录像讲课 网络教学 实验 实习 其他
考试方式： 笔试 口试 考查 操作 其他
学时： 18
学分： 1
开课院系： 外语学院研究生教研室
二、课程简介
英译汉翻译训练是一门实践课，也很实用。目前，几乎高层次的英语考试都增加了翻译项目，因为翻译、特别是英译汉不仅能够比较准确地检验学生对英语文章的理解能力，还可以较为客观地反映学生的实际英语水平。众所周知，在学习外语的过程中，翻译会体现在听、说、读、写各个环节，所以翻译能力是语言学习中综合能力的表现。学习翻译，需要学习者转换思维模式，掌握翻译所需的方式方法，打好英语语法的功底，练习遣词造句等基本技能。本课程旨在给学习者提供一个探讨翻译规律、交流翻译策略、切磋翻译技巧、讨论翻译问题的平台。本课程希望通过对精心筛选语料的练习，培养笔头翻译的能力，帮助学生提高英语学习效率。
三、教学大纲 (模板见下页)
教学目标与要求（请用宋体5号字填写）
教学目标： 本课程旨在培养研究生把英语准确、快捷地转换成汉语的能力。在使用英语的过程中，我们自始至终经历着思维模式的转换，而这种转换需要一个从陌生到熟悉、从生涩到熟练的循序渐进的艰难过程。通过本课程的学习，我们将认识中西思维方式的差异，了解英汉两种语言在语序、语法形式、句子结构以及篇章特点等方面的异同，学习掌握一些常用的翻译技巧和方法，学会欣赏名家名作的翻译妙处，领悟翻译工作的艰辛和快乐。我们的目标是：通过学习培养翻译兴趣，学会把英语准确地译成清晰、流畅的汉语，为能把与自己专业相关的英文资料、文献译成汉语，达到能够与同行和朋友们进行交流的目的。
课程要求：作为一门实践性很强的课程，希望同学们做好课前预习工作，积极参与课堂讨论及笔头练习。
考核要求：学生的总成绩：出勤 + 课堂参与 + 期末考试。
(其中出勤: 10%，课堂参与: 60%，期末考试: 30%。)
一、 课程内容与学时分配（请用宋体5号字填写）
第一讲 英汉语言差异 两课时
第二讲 词义的选择 两课时
第三讲 词性的重要性 两课时
第四讲 句子结构分析 两课时
第五讲 恰当处理长难句 两课时
第六讲 否定句中的陷阱 两课时
第七讲 关注文章的逻辑纽带 两课时
第八讲 语篇翻译赏析 （科普类） 两课时
第九讲 名篇散文赏析兼期末考试 两课时
三、实验及实践性环节（注：此项没有的不填） （请用宋体5号字填写）
四、教材（序号，编著者姓名，教材名称，出版社，版次，出版日期）
蓝纯 高级英汉翻译 北京：外语教学与研究出版社 2002.8
五、主要参考书（序号，编著者姓名，教材名称，出版社，版次，出版日期）
（请用宋体5号字填写）
1. 刘润清 郭浩儒等，《当代研究生英语翻译教程》， 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002
年9月第一版
2. 陈定安，英汉比较与翻译，北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2002
3. 冯庆华，英汉互译实用翻译教程，上海：上海外语教育出版社，1997
4. 郭著章 李庆生，英汉互译实用教程，武汉：武汉大学出版社，2002
5. 冯志杰，汉英科技翻译指要，北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2000
本课程限选人数： 35人 主讲老师：郑明
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