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用英语说plant a tree的过程篇一：科技英语翻译答案
科技英语翻译
1.1 翻译的标准 第1节 翻译练习1
The power plant is the heart of a ship.
The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。
驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。 第1节 翻译练习2
Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。 我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。 空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。 第1节 翻译练习3
The removal of minerals from water is called softening.
A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole.
去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。
双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。 1.2 对译者的要求 第4节 翻译练习1
Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water. 爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。（直译） 这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。（意译） The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs.
Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product.
设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。（意译）
要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。（意译） 第4节 翻译练习2
The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia.
The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon. 植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。（合译）
太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。（分译） 医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。（分译）
These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one.
Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.
这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。（分译）
制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。（分译） 第4节 翻译练习3
Cartography is the science of making maps.
Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes. 制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。（增译）
人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。（增译）
The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current.
That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。（增译） 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。（省译） 第4节 翻译练习4
Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge. The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity.
The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation. 几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。 向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。
通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。 2.1 词义的选择 第1节 翻译练习1
The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other. The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattened at the poles.
In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field. 锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。（介词） 粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。（名词） 地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。（形容词）
An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom.
Her waist measures forty inches round.
电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词） 她腰围40英寸。（副词） 第1节 翻译练习2
Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool.
Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data. To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width. Certain isotopes are not found in nature.
人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。
求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度乘以宽度。 科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。 有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。
New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry. Kangaroos are found in Australia.
This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers.
Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors. Plastics find wide application in our daily life. 大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。
这种植物生长在近河口的海中。
新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。 微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。 塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。 第2节 翻译练习1
The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls.
Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands being contained on a punched tape.
The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen.
滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。（技术性引申） 通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载于穿孔带上。（技术性引申） 大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。（修辞引申）
The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy.
The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor. The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions. Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。（具体化引申） 两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。（具体化引申） 随着铀核和钚核的裂变，会有极其巨大的能量释放处理。（修辞性引申） 正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样，不同的气体和蒸汽的密度也不同。（具体化引申） The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation. Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in the structure. At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant. The facts have been set down in black and white. 显然，其结构还有较大的改进余地。（抽象化引申） 目前，煤是火电厂最常用的能源。（抽象化引申） 居里夫妇坚信，自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。（具体化引申） 这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。（抽象化引申） 2.3 词类的转换 第3节 翻译练习1
Each time a sample was drawn for color determination.
What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf. We should get familiar with different systems of units. 每次取一个标本测定颜色。
可以肯定，这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态是个惨重的打击。 我们应该熟悉各种（计量）单位制。
These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design--- not just to mechanical engineering design.
Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators.
When the war was over, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons.
常以氢气代替空气来冷却大型汽轮发电机。
第二次世界大战结束后，人们发现德国人在研制核武器方面离成功还很远。 这些判定过程可以应用于工程设计的整个领域，而不仅仅限于机械工程设计。 Various precautions have been taken against leakage.
Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a temperature of 365°F.
Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost. This new model should appeal to potential buyers.
一旦进入烘干炉，板材就处于365华氏度的温度条件下。 价值的定义是功能或性能与成本的数值比。 已采取了各种措施防止渗漏。
这种新式样对潜在的买主肯定有吸引力。
Galileo’s experiments are not difficult, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill.
Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird; sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time. Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions.
有时科学家观察一物体及其特征，例如一颗星或一只鸟；有时科学家观察某一事件，即在一特定时间所发生的事。
地震对于生命的破坏通常大于火山爆发。
伽利略的实验并不难，也没有证据表明他是以非凡的技能来做实验的。 Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating.
How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air. This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor.
一种燃料燃烧的速度有多快，取决于它与氧气或空气混合的均匀程度。 这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。
应当慢慢加热，以避免发生局部过热现象。 第3节 翻译练习2
Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure. The metal casts well.
A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic; the plastic is insulation round the wire. 几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有密切的关系。 这种金属有良好的铸造性能。
传导电流的导线包有塑料，该塑料便是导线周围的绝缘材料。
There are many ways of determining the distribution of the magnetism about a magnet. Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged. Safety in a power plant is of great importance.
Most modern transmitters employ solid state circuits. 安全在电厂是非常重要的。
现代发报机大多采用固体电路。
有许多方法来确定磁场周围的磁力分布状况。 润滑良好可保护轴承不受损伤。
E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical, plastic and energy e-commerce.
These images tend to exaggerate the robot’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior.
Aluminum remained an expensive rarity till the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886.
这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。
《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。
直到1886年人们发现电解法还原铝之前，铝一直是一种昂贵的珍品。
Since some materials are not damaged easily as others, the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts.
由于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏，所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。 2.4 词的增译
第4节 翻译练习2 第4节 翻译练习1
This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor.
Once out of the earth’s gravity, an astronaut is affected by still another problem--- weightlessness. By minimizing the microscopic imperfections scientists are making far stronger ceramics. 这一作用从外表上看来像电容器的放电现象。
一旦离开了地球的引力范围，宇航员又遇到了另一个问题——失重。 科学家们正通过最大限度地减小微观缺陷来制造强度高得多的陶瓷。 Atomic cells are small and very light, as compared to ordinary dry ones. Transistors can make previously large equipment much smaller.
Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions. 天文学家有证据表明，还有其他一些恒星也可能有黑洞作为伴星。 和普通电池相比，原子电池体积小、重量轻。 晶体管能使原先体积大的设备变得小得多。
The key to the new materials is researchers’ increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level.
The largest and most expensive products cannot, because of their size, be testable in the factory.
Cold rolling enables the operators to produce rolls of accuracy and uniformity, and with a better surface finish.
最大最贵的产品，因为体积大，在该工厂里是不能检验的。
开发新材料的关键在于研究人员不断提高在分子一级上处理物质的能力。
冷轧可使操作工生产出精确度高、均匀度好的轧制件，并具有更好的表面光洁度。 All these factors play a key role in formulation of the model.
PCs are not the most stable, and with video editing you have to be extra careful. This method makes it easy to identify the various components. 在拟订模型时，所有这些因素都将起到关键性的作用。 这个方法使人们很容易识别各种不同的构成成分。
个人电脑一般并不太稳定，所以，进行视频编辑时需要加倍小心。 第4节 翻译练习2
It was estimated that the power of an average horse is equal to 500 feet-pounds per second. Panel patch is one gauge heavier than thickness of original skin.
Studies have shown that information can be communicated to people many times faster in a graphic form than in written form.
据估计，一匹普通马的功率等于500英尺-磅力/秒。 补块比原板的厚度大一号。
众多研究表明，以图形表示的信息被人们接受的速度比以文字表示的快许多倍。 The chemist is making an analysis of the poison.
It appears that the construction of the dam has had a considerable effect on the ecology of the region. The receiver will operate reliably no matter what happens. 无论发生什么情况，这台接收机都将可靠地工作。 药剂师正对毒性进行分析。
看来，建造水坝对这一地区的生态已经有相当大的影响。
Radiant, electrical and chemical energies can all be turned into heat. The frequency, wave length and speed of sound are closely related. Noise figure is minimized by parametric amplifier. 频率、波长和声速三者是密切相关的。
辐射能、电能和化学能这三种能均可转变为热能。 采用参量放大器即可将噪音系数减小至最低限度。
In the absence of sufficient knowledge confusion exists in classifying a specimen as a butterfly or a moth.
Lead can be hammered into very thin sheets without being broken.
There are a number of devices that give an electric current when light falls on them, without any chemical changes taking place.
如果没有足够的知识，就分不清标本是属蝶类还是蛾类。
有许多器件在受光照射时能产生电流，但不发生任何化学变化。 铅能被锤成很薄的薄片而不破裂。 2.5 词的省译
第5节 翻译练习1
The fact that the concrete is slow in setting is no sign that it is of poor quality. Such an engine is called an internal combustion engine.
The symptoms of hepatitis are similar no matter which virus is involved. 混凝土凝固得慢并不表示其质量差。 这种发动机成为内燃机。
肝炎不管是由何种病毒引起的，其症状均大同小异。
This critical deficiency was itself due to three factors which interacted with each other over the entire period.
The properties change in going from carbon to graphite.
The design choices hinge upon considerations of gain, noise figure, and so forth. 设计选择的关键在于考虑增益、噪音系数等等。
这个关键性的逆差来源于三个始终互相影响的因素。 碳转变成石墨时，其性质也发生了变化。 Temperatures may reach 700°C and surface oxidation becomes critical.
If the atomic nucleus of a heavy element is split, a large amount of energy is released.
The discovery of enzymes is very important because it gave impetus to a series of experiments. 分裂一重元素的原子核，会释放出很大的能量。 温度高达700摄氏度，表面氧化便成为关键问题。 酶的发现很重要，因为它推动了一系列试验的进行。
Apart from the fact that it may become hot, no apparent change occurs in a metal when it is carrying a current.
This equipment forms an integral part of many advanced systems. There was a rise in temperature, and as a result, the component failed. 金属有电流通过时，除了金属可能变热外没有什么显著变化。 温度升高了，结果元件出了故障。
这个设备是许多先进系统不可缺少的一部分。
If there is little cooling water available, a diesel engine makes an excellent prime mover for generation below 10,000 kVA.
There was a block in the pipe and the water could not flow away.
如果能利用的冷却水不多，则柴油发动机可以成为极好的发电10000千伏安以下的原动机。 水管被东西堵住，水流不出去。 2.6 重复法
第6节 翻译练习1
The properties of gas are quite different from those of liquid. The electric resistance of copper is not so large as that of iron. The three gas laws are true of all gases, as well as of air. 气体的性质与液体的性质大不相同。（重复名词） 气体三定律不但适用于空气，也适用于所有气体。（重复动词） 铜的电阻不像铁的电阻那样大。（重复名词） Matter changes not only in state but also in volume.
Continuous data can be expressed in either fractions or whole numbers. 物质不仅形态改变而且体积也改变。（重复动词） 连续资料可以用分数表示，也可以用整数表示。（重复动词） 3.1 名词的译法 第1节 翻译练习1
In an unusual application, this organization uses a fingerprint scanner to monitor the comings and goings of its residents.
A capacitor is used to eliminate sparking when a circuit containing inductance is suddenly opened. 一个不同寻常的用途是：这个机构使用指纹扫描器监视居住人员的进出。 当含有电感的电路突然断开时，可用电容器消除火花。 第1节 翻译练习2
The comparison reveals that the error is due to aliasing.
The scans confirmed that the subjects’ brains dealt with words in ways that contradict one hoary old idea.
The latest research with radioactive isotopes has shown that this assumption is quite wrong. 比较结果表明，误差是由于名称不同而造成的。
扫描结果证实，受试者的大脑处理词的方式同一种古老的旧观念不一致。 对放射性同位素的最新研究结果表明，这种设想是完全错误的。
Metals differ in the ease with which they give up electrons and enter into chemical combination. Internal-shoe drum brakes provide better protection from water and dust.
People on earth are protected from the dangerous ultraviolet radiation of the sun by a layer or ozone that spans the planet and absorbs the radiation.
各种金属放出电子和参与化学反应的难易程度不一。 内蹄式鼓形制动器的防水、防尘性能比较好。
地球上的人们受到包围着地球并能吸收辐射的一层臭氧层的保护，从而免受危险的太阳紫外线辐射的伤害。
According to the molecular theory the temperature of an object depends on the average speed of its molecules.
Effectiveness of temperature control depends upon the amount of lubricant supplied, the ambient temperature, and the external cooling.
根据分子理论的原理，物体的温度取决于其分子的平均速度。
温度控制的效果取决于润滑剂的用量、环境温度以及外部的冷却设施。 第1节 翻译练习3
Particular attention should be given to hoses to ensure that chafing does not occur.
The primary concern of electrical engineering is the doing of work by the delivery of energy. Gene piracy is not new.
All plants and animals need carbon for growth. 要特别注意软管，保证没有擦伤。 窃取基因不是新鲜事。 电工学主要关注的是通过输送能量做功的情况。 所有动植物均需要碳才能生长。 第1节 翻译练习4
The experiment was a success.
Semiconductor devices can perform a variety of control function in electronic equipment. 这个试验是成功的。
半导体在电子设备中能起各种各样的控制作用。 3.2 冠词的译法 第2节 翻译练习1
A polymer is a substance of high molecular weight. Being a good insulator, rubber is often used in cables. The patient was administered the mixture twice a week. These machines may be oiled once or twice a month. 聚合物是一种高分子的物质。 这种混合剂病人每周服用两次。
橡胶是一种良好的绝缘体，所以经常使用在电缆上。 这些机器每个月可以加一次或两次油。 第2节 翻译练习2
A bearing can be defined as a member specifically designed to support moving machine components. Use a transformer and power at low voltage can be changed into power at high voltage. An object at rest has no kinetic energy, its velocity being zero.
轴承可以定义为一种专门用于支撑运动着的机器零件的构件。 静止的物体没有动能，因为它的速度为零。 使用变压器可将低压电转变为高压电。 第2节 翻译练习3
作为固定词组时的省译： on a large scale a majority of a wealth of as a result 结果，因此 大规模地 大多数的 大量的
第2节 翻译练习4
The machine is intended for grinding the top and bottom surfaces of tungsten carbide tips. The mechanism has been termed cumulative feedback inhibition. 该机床是供磨削硬质合金刀片上下表面用的。 这种机制就叫做累加反馈抑制。 第2节 翻译练习5
The basic job of the computer is the processing of information. The main effect is to raise the fundamental slosh mode frequency. 计算机的基本任务是处理信息。
主要作用在于提高基本的晃动频率。 第3章 总复习题
Other factors affect the configuration of the total system. In normal flight the hatch doors fair into the fuselage.
Energy can neither be created, nor destroyed by any means known to man. 另一些因素则将影响整个系统的结构。 飞行正常时，舱门与机身平整贴合。
用人们已知的方法，既不能创造能量也不能消灭能量。
It is customary to refer to design levels as high or low on component complexity.
The main economy of the system stems from the ability to move cars in a continuous train without uncoupling.
He is a stranger to the operation of the electronic computer. 他对电子计算机的操作是陌生的。
习惯上根据部件的复杂程度把设计级称为高设计级和低设计级。
此系统的主要经济之处在于它能移动列车的车厢而不必将它们脱钩分开。 A key element in system capacity planning is the financial cost of performance.
The assembler can expand the key words in the assembly code into their full instruction set. The flame does not touch the flask directly.
这种汇编程序能把汇编码中的关键字扩展成完整的指令集。 系统能力计划中关键因素是性能的金融成本。 火焰没有直接接触烧瓶。
The study of the strength of solids involves the study of the defects in the crystalline structure. The problem was solved by the provision of a compensating jet.
The rusting of iron is the slow chemical combination of the elements iron and oxygen in moist atmosphere.
研究固体的强度，就必须研究晶体结构中的缺陷。
铁生锈是铁元素和氧元素在湿空气中缓慢化合的现象。 通过安装一个补偿喷嘴，解决了这个问题。
The decay of organic matter is a slow oxidation by oxygen in the air.
In order to improve a certain kind of battery, Edison spent almost ten years and made nearly 50,000 experiments.
有机物的腐烂是空气中的氧引起的一种缓慢氧化过程。
为了改善一种电池的性能，爱迪生花了差不多十年时间，做了近50000次试验。 4.1 代词的一般译法 第1节 翻译练习1
In this cell the light incident on the sensitive surface of the cell causes the photo-electric emission of electrons from the surface, and these electrons are attracted to the other electrode.
The owl can hear a mouse chewing and fly down on it, even though it is hidden from sight under a pile of leaves.
在这种电池中，照在电池光敏表面光电效应而发射电子，而这些电子被吸引到另一电极。
即使老鼠躲藏在一堆叶子下看不见的地方，猫头鹰也能听见老鼠咀嚼的声音而飞下来袭击它。 This might be compared with the mumble of wavelengths of sound that go to make up ordinary noise. 这可以与杂乱的声波相比，一般的噪音就是由这种杂乱的声波组成的。 第1节 翻译练习2
Drawing electrons away from the atom causes it to have a net positive electric charge. Each crystal should have a shape as much like that of the other crystals as possible. 将电子与原子分离会使原子带上纯净正电荷。
每一结晶的形状应与其他结晶的形状尽可能相似。 第1节 翻译练习3
Every element retains its identity no matter how it is finely divided. Astronomers can estimate the size and brightness of a star by its color. 每种元素不论分得怎样细小，它仍保持其特征。 天文学家根据恒星的颜色可以估计它的大小和亮度。 第1节 翻译练习4
Many processes have already been proposed, and one possible future process is a smelting reduction. It is possible to work backward from the known strength and determine what factor of safety was used.
Each is a solid sphere with a metallic core surrounded by silicate shells. 我们能够由已知的强度反过来求出所用的安全系数。
它们每一颗都是由硅酸盐外壳包围着金属内核的固态球体。
人们已经提出了很多方法，未来可能的选择之一就是熔融还原法。 第1节 翻译练习5
In this chapter our task is to find out what the air is made of. Today we have a fairly clear idea of what goes on inside of atom.
Practically all of the heat energy received by the earth comes from the sun.
现在我们对原子内部的情况已相当清楚了。 地球所得到的热能几乎都来自于太阳。
在这一章中，我们的任务是弄清空气的构成成分。 4.2 人称代词的译法 第2节 翻译练习1
You can decide what resolution and compression level is best for your output. We’ll do everything possible to improve the supply of electricity.
You can find the density of a body providing you know its mass and volume.
We must be very careful to avoid trying to express energy in terms of power units. 我们将尽一切努力来改善电力供应。
只要知道物体的质量和体积，就可求出物体的密度。 你可以决定哪种溶解和压缩程度对成品最好。 必须注意避免用功率单位表示能量。 第2节 翻译练习2
It may require the taking of a large sample as in macro analysis.
If an atom contains three protons, it must have three electrons to be electrically neutral. 如果一个原子有三个质子，这个原子必然有三个电子来使其呈电中性。 它可能要求像宏观分析中那样采用大的样本。 4.3 形容词性物主代词的译法 第3节 翻译练习1
The density of anything is its mass per unit volume. Each substance shows an individual structure of its own.
One of the drawbacks of the early lasers was their inability to operate continuously. 每一种物质都显示出它自己的独特结构。 任何物体的密度是它的每单位体积的质量。
早期激光器的缺点之一是它们不能连续地工作。 第3节 翻译练习2
In their workshop there is no one who understands how a computer uses its tubes. Transistors are more advantageous to vacuum tubes for their being small and light. The transformer cannot be called a machine because of its having no moving parts. 晶体管优于真空管，因为它尺寸小、重量轻。
在他们车间，无人能理解计算机是怎样使用其电子管的。 变压器不能称为机器，因为它没有转动的部件。 第3节 翻译练习3
According to their ability to conduct electric current, all materials may be classified into three major categories: conductors, semiconductors and insulators. You shouldn’t have touched the wire with your wet hands. 你不该用湿手触摸导线。
根据导电的性能不同，所有的材料可分为三大类：导体、半导体和绝缘体。 第3节 翻译练习4
Heating semiconductors means increasing their conductivity.
Triangles can be classified according to their angles or the relative lengths of their sides. According to their composition, these raw materials may be separated into three groups. The brain has its managing system.
三角形可按照其角度或其相对边长来分类。
根据这些原材料的构成成分，它们可以分为三种类型。 加热半导体就会增加其导电率。 大脑有自己的管理系统。 4.4 指示代词的译法 第4节 翻译练习1
All atoms, except those of hydrogen, contain one or more neutrons in the nucleus. The speed of the object approaches that of light.
The geometry of the test specimens differs from the geometry of those used in tension tests. 所用试件的形状和尺寸与拉伸试验的试件不同。 除了氢原子外，所有的原子都有一个或几个中子。 该物体的速度接近光速。 第4节 翻译练习2
It diffracts the diffracted beam and this means that it generates an inverse transform. Heat is a form of energy and that is known to all of us.
They used the transformers of poor quality, and this caused the whole power supply system break down.
他们用了一批劣质的变压器，使得整个供电系统陷于瘫痪。 热是能的一种形式，这是大家都知道的。
它对衍射光束发生衍射，这意味着它产生了一个逆变换。 第4节 翻译练习3
This is a simple criterion that guarantees the existence of such a representation.
The percentage of such cases among surgical patients can be determined in the following manner. 在接受手术的病人中，这样的病例所占的百分比可用下述方法确定。 这是确保这种等值表达式存在的一个简单标准。 第4节 翻译练习4
As a rule solids and liquids expand when heated, water does the same except near its freezing point. The same is true when an alternating voltage is applied to a resistance.
按照固体和液体遇热膨胀的原理，水除了接近其冰点的情况之外也是如此。 当交流电压加在电阻上时，情况也是一样的。 第4节 翻译练习5
All motion in this universe is the form of successively rising and falling.
Series do have the advantage of increasing resistance to reduce current when this is desirable. 串联电路的确有这样的优点：在需要时可以增加电阻来减少电流。 宇宙内的一切运动，均处在连续上升和下降的状态中。 4.5 不定代词的译法 第5节 翻译练习1
All these elements can be used in semiconductor manufacture. All transformers and electric machinery use magnetic material. All the shafts were cut from heavy planks of wood. 所有的变压器和电机都使用磁性材料。
在半导体生产中，所有这些元件都能用上。 箭杆都是用厚木板削制而成的。
Almost all who die of AIDS actually die of starvation. All the currents at node were not to add up to zero.
Not all the energy from an antenna is radiated in the main beam.
Not all people who test positive for the AIDS antibody get the disease AIDS. 几乎所有丧命爱滋病的患者都是死于饥饿。 并非所有节点上的电流总和为零。 天线能量并不都是由主波束辐射的。
并不是所有的爱滋病抗体试验为阳性的人都患有爱滋病。 第5节 翻译练习2
The equipment will compensate for any dimensional variations caused by wheel wear.
Any portion of the flight control system may be readily removed in any sequence by the removal of attaching bolts and nuts.
Which, if any, of the three statements below are false?
拆卸了原装的螺钉及螺母，便可很快地按任意顺序拆除飞机控制系统的任何部分。 该装置对砂轮磨损引起的任何尺寸误差给予补偿。 下面三种说法中如果有错，那么是其中的哪一种？
What, if any, effect do you feel the imports of Canadian gas will have on the American producer? There are few, if any, of them know the construction of the transformer. 你觉得进口加拿大的天然气对美国的生产者可能产生什么影响吗？ 他们当中几乎没人懂得变压器的结构。 第5节 翻译练习3 Both alternatives are presented on the screen.
Velocity is a vector quantity involving both magnitude and direction. 速度是一种矢量，既有大小，又有方向。 两种选择都在屏幕上显示出来了。 第5节 翻译练习4
Each of the bits has a different optimum cutting speed.
There are many types of efficient water pumps, each designed to meet a specific need. Every element, no matter how it is finely divided, retains its identity. 效率高的水泵有多种类型，每一种都用来满足某个特定的需要。 每个钻头都有一个不同的最佳切割速度。
每种元素不论分得怎样细小，仍保持该元素的特征。 One half of the medium was renewed every three days. It has an error rate of one or two words in every hundred. Not every minute difference is noted. 每三天更换一半溶剂。
误差率是每百字有一两个错误。
并非每一个细微的差别都被注意到了。 第5节 翻译练习5
Without electricity neither machine could be stared. I believe either method will do.
我看两种方法中的任何一种都行。 没有电，这两台机器都开动不了。 第5节 翻译练习6
Sometimes one finds in fossil stones the imprint of a leaf.
The last sound to reach the receiving ship is the one that hits the basement. Neutrinos from a subsidiary decay process are the ones to be detected. 传到接收船上的最后的声音就是碰到底层的声音。 有时人们能在化石里发现一片树叶的痕迹。 有待探测的中微子来自次要的衰变过程。
Driving machines are always the opposite of driven ones.
One of the most successful methods of achieving this depends on the use of fluidization. One of the uses of the triode is that it can amplify. 主动机和从动机总是相反的。
达到这一目的的最成功的方法之一就是采用流化技术。 三极管的用途之一是放大。
Ones who make the decisions on what went into the system are programmers. Ones who claim ECT is both effective and safe, in fact, cannot prove it.
There are two 300MW thermal power units in this power plant. One is made in China; the other is imported from Germany.
决定要把什么写进系统的人是专业编程人员。
那些宣称电痉挛疗法既有效又安全的人，实际上并无法证明他们的观点。
这家电厂有两台30千瓦火力发电机组，一台是国产的，另一台是从德国进口的。
There are two kinds of electric currents. One is the direct current; the other is the alternating current. 电流有两种，一种是直流电流，另一种是交流电流。 第5节 翻译练习7
This chemical is poisonous. Others are poisonous, too.
Some parts require a hard, tough metal and others may be made of softer metals. The coolant serves no other purpose than to remove excess heat.
Some atomic nuclei undergo spontaneous disintegration while others do not. 冷却剂除了排除多余的热以外没有任何其他用处。 这些化学制品有毒，别的化学制品也有毒。
有些零件需要由硬的韧性金属制成，而有些则可由软的金属制成。 有的原子核会同时裂变，而另外一些却不会。 第5节 翻译练习8
Another method is available to increase the system capacity.
Heat is always being transferred in one way or another, where there is any difference in temperature. 凡有温差的地方，热都会以这样或那样的方式传输。 还有另一种可增加系统容量的方法。 第5节 翻译练习9
Some metals burn more readily than others.
To specify a distance, we must use some unit of length.
When an object is warmer than the surrounding region, it loses some of its heat by radiation. The particles require some a day to reach the earth. 为了确定距离，我们必须使用某种长度单位。 有些金属比另一些金属更容易燃烧。
当一个物体比周围环境热时，该物体会通过辐射失去它的一些热量。 这些粒子大约需要一天的时间才能到达地球。 4.6 it及其句型的译法 第6节 翻译练习1
It moves or rotates by a fixed amount each time an electrical pulse is applied to it. To help avoid information overload, it (virtual convergence) will do this intelligently. The earth rotates as it travels through space.
As current flows through a conductor, it sets up a magnetic field. 为了避免信息过载，它（虚拟连接）将会智能化地进行操作。 对它每加一个电脉冲，它就移动或旋转一个固定的量。 地球在空间运行时，它还要自转。 电流通过导体，便产生磁场。 第6节 翻译练习2
It is a $12-billion industry whose factories, numbering in the hundreds, are found all over the world. It is twenty meters in height.
那个行业资金达120亿美元，工厂有上千家，遍布世界各地。 高度为20米。 第6节 翻译练习3
It is very far to the airport. It is raining hard. 到机场很远。 雨下得很大。
第6节 翻译练习4
It is recommended that the screw be used to increase accuracy of measurement.
By using a laser, it is possible to throw very large and very clear television pictures on to a screen. It was pointed out that while the lead obtained from the disintegration of radium possessed all the characteristics of ordinary lead, it differed from it in atomic weight. 使用激光器，可以将很大很清晰的电视图像投射到屏幕上。 建议使用螺杆调节，以提高测量的精确度。
前已指出，虽然由镭蜕变而获得的铅具有普通铅的一切特性，但其原子量与普通铅不同。 第6节 翻译练习5
It necessitates careful design of the apparatus to get rid of the heat. It is unknown when to begin to make transportable transformers.
It is interesting to compare the energy needed to place a satellite in orbit with the energy that would be required to cause it to escape.
什么时候开始制造移动式变压器还不知道。 除热需要对设备进行仔细设计。
把一颗卫星送入轨道所需的能量和使卫星脱离地球所需要的能量进行比较是很有意思的。 第6节 翻译练习6
It used to be thought that when you see a word and speak it, several stages of processing are involved. It must be remembered that the condition may be silent until haematemesis, melaena or perforation occurs.
It is known that electronic computers play an important part in science and technology.
大家必须记住，在呕血、黑便，或穿孔发生之前，该病可能无症状。 过去人们常常认为一个词从看见到念出来包括好几个处理阶段。 我们知道，电子计算机在科学和技术方面起着重要作用。 第6节 翻译练习7
It follows that any form of preheat adds to the welder’s difficulties and causes discomfort, particularly when welding at high preheat temperature levels inside vessels.
It can be concluded that temperatures on the surface of Venus is too hot for life as known on earth. It had been calculated that actual error probability for the value was of the order of 0.5 percent.
由此可见，任何形式的预热都会增加焊工的困难，使他们身感不适，在容器内高温预热下施焊时尤其如此。
可以断定，金星表面的温度过热，地球上的生物是不能适应的。 据计算，这个数值的实际误差概率约为0.5%。 第6节 翻译练习8
It makes no difference when inducing an e.m.f., which moves, the coil or the magnet. It is essential that the body of the machine is effectively earthed. 在感应出电动势时，是线圈运动还是磁铁运动，这没有区别。 这机器的机身必须有效接地，这一点十分重要。 第6节 翻译练习9
The heating effect makes it possible to produce the light.
We find it possible to transform a.c. into d.c. by using a rectifier. We think it true that the human body is also a good conductor. 热效应使产生光成为可能。
我们发现能用整流器将交流电变成直流电。
人体也是一种良好的导体，我们认为这点是正确的。 第6节 翻译练习10
It is the voltmeter which we use to measure the voltage.
It is through this interface that the substation operator must control and monitor the entire substation. It was not until I came in that he began to repair the old generator. 我们用来测量电压的就是伏特计。
变电站运行人员正是通过这个界面控制和监视整个变电站的。 直到我进来，他才开始修理那台老式发电机。
It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy. 直到19世纪，热才被认为是能的一种形式。 第4章 总复习题
The rise in temperature could not have happened of itself.
Be the shape of a body complicated, it is possible to find out its volume. The more energy we desire to send, the higher we make the voltage. The most typical humanlike characteristic of a robot is its arm. 温度上升不可能是出于自身的原因。
不论物体的形状如何复杂，人们均可求出它的体积。 要求输送的电能越多，就得使电压升得越高。 机器人最具人性化的特点就是它的机械臂。
In our studies of the implications for the First Law, we were able to see the importance of the distinction between state and path functions.
The first job of an electron tube is to get the electrons apart from their nuclei. That type of turbine usually rotates at a very low speed. 那种汽轮机通常以非常低的速度运转。
我们研究第一定律时，可以明白区分状态函数和路径函数的重要性。 电子管的第一项工作就是使电子与其原子核分开。
Small objects such as dust particles and water droplets fall only small distances before losing most of their acceleration.
The same has happened to the central control system.
There’s hardly any room for any impurities in such a microfiber. 中心控制系统也发生过同样的事故。
小物体，比如尘粒和水珠，仅仅下落了一小段距离后便失去了其大部分的加速度。 在这种微纤维中，杂质几乎没有存在的可能。
His instances were Lennard and Stark, both of them were Nobel laureates but later became fervent followers of Hitler.
The primacy function of a regulator is to supply constant pressure to each device.
The best use of these equations is in checking the theoretical analyses using the other approaches. 他举出勒纳德及史塔克为例子。这两个人都得过诺贝尔奖，但后来却成了狂热的希特勒信徒。 这些方程式最大的用处是可对采用了其他方法的理论分析进行检验。 调节器的基本功能是给每个装置提供稳定的电压。
It is desirable to characterize electrical noise as accurately as possible.
It is known that local weather can be affected within a few days by meteorological conditions thousands of miles away from here. 需要尽可能准确地表征电噪音。
我们知道，当地的天气在几天内会受到几千英里以外地区气象状况的影响。 5.1 数词的译法 第1节 翻译练习1
Liquid bromine boils at 58°C at which temperature it changes into a reddish-brown gas. Move to the next operation after the voltage reaches 150V.
Tests have shown that the energy saving can rise about 40 percent. 液态溴在58摄氏度时沸腾，在这个温度它变成红褐色的气体。 等电压到了150伏时，进行下一个操作。 试验证明，能量节约可增加40%左右。 第1节 翻译练习2
Of many thousands spare parts does not come up to the standard but one.
A lot of counties have set up power stations, chemical fertilizer plants and a hundred and one other factories.
The periodic table contains more than one hundred chemical elements belonging to eight families. 在几千个备件中，只有一个不合格。
许多县已建立了发电站、化肥厂以及许多别的工厂。 元素周期表由属于8个族的100多个化学元素组成。 These materials become quite soft and flexible below 150°C.
An increase in the oxygen content of coal by 1% reduces that calorific value by some 1.7%. Nearly 25 neurotransmitters have been found so far.
这些材料在150摄氏度以下变得十分柔软、易于弯曲。 煤的含氧量每增加1%，其热值就下降约1.7%。 迄今为止，已经发现了大约25种神经传递素。 第1节 翻译练习3
With the result of automation, productivity has increased by 5 times in that factory. The sales of industrial electronic products have increased to six times. The output of the machine tools has multiplied four times. The current has increased by a factor of three.
由于自动化的结果，那个工厂的生产率提高到5倍。 工业电子产品的销售额增加了5倍。 机床产量增加了3倍。 电流增加了2倍。 第1节 翻译练习4
This type of furnace uses 4 times more electricity than that type does. This rod is 4 times longer than that one.
The oxygen atom is nearly 16 times as heavy as the hydrogen atom. 这种炉的耗电量是那种炉耗电量的4倍。 这根杆比那根长3倍。
氧原子的原子量几乎是氢原子量的16倍。
The atomic weight of helium is four times heavier than that of hydrogen. In rolling bearing the starting friction is about twice the running friction. 氦原子量比氢原子量重3倍。
滚动轴承的启动摩擦大概是转动摩擦的2倍。 第1节 翻译练习5
The leads of the new condenser are shortened by six times. The operation of cost decreased by five times.
The loss of electricity was reduced by a factor of four. The pipe is four times lighter than that one. 新型电容器的引线缩短了5/6。 成本运行降至1/5。
这根管子重量是那根的1/4。 电损减少了3/4。 第1节 翻译练习6
Weld strength can be increased by 45 percent.
Tests have shown that the energy consuming can be reduced by 30 percent. The loss of energy has been reduced to less than 10 percent. 焊接强度可增加45%。
试验证明，能量消耗可减低30%。 能量损耗可减至不足10%。
Its grain output was 18 percent higher than that in 1998. The steel output is 30 percent higher than that of last year. 其粮食产量比1998年高出18%。 钢产比去年增加了30%。 第1节 翻译练习7
Ten to one, the experiment is unlikely to produce good results.
These figures show that the improvement of molecular refraction is within a factor of ten. 十有八九，这项试验不可能得出好的结果。
这些数字表明分子折射度的改进值为一个数量级。 5.2 形容词的译法 第2节 翻译练习1
Suitable treatment shall be given as soon as possible to avoid hydrogen embrittlement. Complex computer systems are prone to software hitches.
The parts must be very strong so that they may not break in use.
This kind of steel becomes very hard and very brittle when hardened. 尽快予以适当的处理，以免氢蚀脆化。 复杂的计算机系统容易出现软件故障。
零件必须十分坚固，才不会在使用中破损。 这种钢淬火后就变得很硬很脆。 第2节 翻译练习2
Hydrogen is about one-fourteenth as dense as air.
Helium is a very light gas, only twice as heavy as hydrogen. Ice floats because it is not as dense as water. 氢的密度大约是空气密度的1/14。
氦气是一种很轻的气体，重量仅为氢气的2倍。 冰浮起是因为它的密度比水的密度小。 第2节 翻译练习3
In the thermosciences area, the mechanical engineer is concerned with thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer.
This in a large measure is responsible for the high accuracy obtainable from such systems.
The transmission ratio is dependent upon the ratio of the number of teeth of the meshing gear wheels. 在热学领域，机械工程师关心的是热力学、流体力学和传热学。 在很大程度上，这是从这类系统中获得高精度的原因。 传动比取决于两个啮合齿轮的齿数比。
Once the engine is underway, these auxiliaries are turned off. 发动机一旦启动，这些辅助设备就关闭了。 第2节 翻译练习4
Recent discoveries have been made concerning the peculiar properties of certain semiconductors. Research and development is of particular importance to aerospace industry.
In copper and most pure metals there is an appreciable increase in resistance with an increase in temperature.
最近，对于某些半导体的奇怪特性有一些发现。 研究和发展对航空航天工业非常重要。
在铜和大部分纯金属中，随着温度的升高，电阻也会明显增大。
One of the drawbacks of the early lasers was their inability of continuous operation.
These metal ions interfere with electron flow and cause a great decrease in electron motion. Lubricating oils are used to ensure the smooth running of the machine. 早期激光器的缺点之一是它不能连续工作。
这些金属离子阻碍电子流动，引起电子运动大幅减弱。 使用润滑油是为了确保机器正常运转。 第2节 翻译练习5
The most common application for bearing is the support of a rotating shaft that is transmitting power from one location to another.
The World Wide Web is a unique medium for communication and for publishing. 轴承最常见的应用是支撑旋转轴将功率从一处传至另一处。 万维网是一个独特的通讯和出版媒体。 第2节 翻译练习6
A practical means of transferring geothermal energy is to convert it to electric power. An electron, if moving, produces a magnetic field.
将地热能转变成电能是输送这种能量的一种切实可行的办法。 电子如果运动，就会产生磁场。 第2节 翻译练习7
Needle bearings have a high load capacity.
Considerable effort must be expended to ensure consistent blast volume, humidity and temperature. 滚针轴承的承载能力大。
还要在确保风量、湿度和温度稳定方面做出相当大的努力。 第2节 翻译练习8
The gear teeth should have the strength sufficient to operate. We’ll do everything possible to improve the supply of electricity. We hope everything ready for the operation.
Scientists have found a method of measurement suitable for most island waters and coastal areas. 齿轮的齿必须具备足够的运转强度。 我们将尽一切努力来改善电力供应。 我们希望一切在开工之前就绪。
科学家们已经找到了一种适合大多数岛屿的近海和沿海地区的测量方法。 Coal is a kind of fuel suitable for power generation. The only transformer available is produced in Shanghai. 煤是一种适合发电的燃料。
唯一可用的变压器是上海产的。 第2节 翻译练习9
The resistance of the load is too high for the amplifier.
For this reason the switching signal should be no steeper or larger than necessary. The capacity to store water in their leaves is typical of desert plant. He is quite familiar with state function. 负载的电阻对于放大器来说太高。
因此激励信号的斜率及宽度不应超过所要求的数值。 在叶子中储存水的能力是沙漠植物的特性。 他非常熟悉状态函数。 第3节 翻译练习1
Deserted soils are sparsely covered with shrubs and grass.
The relationships used are briefly outlined. 荒漠上稀疏地覆盖着灌木丛和杂草。 这些用到了的关系已简要地概括出来了。 5.3 副词的译法 第3节 翻译练习2
The resulting flux is confined essentially to the ring.
Actually, and metal or alloy can be cast by precision casting.
Normally the whole mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus. 所产生的磁通基本上被限制在环内。
实际上，任何金属或合金都可以进行精密铸造。
在正常情况下，原子的整个质量都集中在原子核里。 第3节 翻译练习3
Admittedly, the term temporal coherence seems to imply an effect which is exclusively temporal.
The most important advantages of rolling bearings over sliding bearings is the most complete elimination of friction.
不可否认，时间相干性这个术语似乎意味着一种只属于时间的效应。 滚动轴承优于滑动轴承的最重要的优点在于几乎完全消除了摩擦。 第3节 翻译练习4
We are certain that neutrons act differently from protons. To detect gases, a sample of air can be analyzed chemically.
Slopes orientated differently receive direct solar radiation in different amounts. 我们确信中子的作用和质子的是不同的。
为了检测各种气体，可以对空气试样进行化学分析。 朝向不相同的山坡，直接接收到的太阳辐射量是不同的。 第3节 翻译练习5
The salts should be heated electrically, if possible.
The methods of controlling pests chemically often have undesirable side effects; for this reason it is likely that the methods of controlling biologically will be applied increasingly in the future. Evaporation takes place only at the surface of a liquid; boiling takes place throughout the liquid. 如果可能的话，这些盐应该用电来加热。
用化学品控制害虫的方法常有不良的副作用，因此将来会越来越多地采用生物学方法。 蒸发只是发生在液体表面，沸腾发生在液体各处。 第3节 翻译练习6
The CPU also controls the flow of data to and from the peripheral devices.
It is also possible to check the temperature distribution at the top of the burden, although the burden at the top of the furnace is not evenly distributed.
There is also an increased excretion of nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus, and sodium chloride (salt). CPU还控制着流向和来自外部设备的数据流。
尽管炉顶炉料的分布方式是不均匀的，但炉顶炉料的温度分布也还是可以检测的。 推拿还促进氮、无机磷和氯化钠（盐）的排放。 第3节 翻译练习7
A relatively small explosion would be enough to send a ship off at a very fast rate.
When the core of this cloud became dense enough, gravity triggered the collapse of its inner layers. Satellites--- some large enough to be planets in their own right--- either formed along with the giants or were captured later.
一次较小的爆炸就足以将飞船以极快的速度发射出去。
当这个分子团的核心变得十分稠密时，重力引起分子团的内层崩溃。
至于卫星，有些大的足以称得上行星，它们或是与这些巨大的行星同时形成，或是后来被猎获的。
第3节 翻译练习8
The watt is a small unit of power, so we use the kilowatt instead.
Instead of working with the space variable for electric field intensity we can work directly with voltage.
瓦特是一个很小的功率单位，因此我们就改用千瓦代之。 我们可以直接用电压来代替电场强度这个空间变量。 第3节 翻译练习9
The experimental result was just the opposite of what I had expected. The introduction of laser into industry has only just begun. 实验结果与我预料的刚好相反。 激光用于工业还仅仅刚开始。 第3节 翻译练习10
Never lay tools or workpieces on the ways of a lathe.
Man has never made a machine that, of itself, will continue in a state of uniform motion. Up to now, atomic energy has never been used for aircraft propulsion. 绝不要把工具或工件放在车床的导轨上。
人类从未制成过一台能自行永久保持匀速运动状态的机器。 到目前为止，原子能从来没有被用于飞机的推进。 第3节 翻译练习11
An electric current is only a shifting of electricity.
What we call mass is only another manifestation of energy. Only when an object moves, is work done. 电流仅仅是电的移动。
我们所说的质量只是能的另一种表现形式。 物体只有移动时才做功。 第3节 翻译练习12
Gravity keeps the satellite in orbit. Otherwise, it would drift off into space.
His inspection of the transmission lines revealed some possible faults that might otherwise have been overlooked.
引力使卫星保持在轨道上，否则卫星就会偏离而进入太空。
他对输电线路进行检查，查出了一些故障，否则这些潜在的故障就会被忽视。 第3节 翻译练习13
In a mathematical sense the impulse response is a rather sophisticated concept.
Process depends on identifying radio stars with some kind of object emitting visible light--- but radio astronomers can give their optical colleagues only rather imprecise directions as to where to look. The operation of our generating unit was no better but rather worse. 从数学意义上讲，冲量反应是个相当微妙的概念。
进一步的进展取决于能否确定射电星是一种能发射可见光的天体，然而射电天文学家只能给光学天文学家提供很不精确的观测方向。
我们机组运行的情况没有见好，相反更糟了。
The temperature did not go up, as one had expected, but rather went down. They are encouraged in designing a turbine rather than repairing it.
In deciding where an airplane actually is in the sky, we believe our eyes rather than our ears. 温度没有像人们预料的那样上升，反而下降了。 他们从事涡轮机的设计工作，而不是修理涡轮机。
要判断飞机在空中的确切位置，我们与其相信自己的耳朵不如相信自己的眼睛。 第3节 翻译练习14
Just as the feed-water supply system can be controlled, so the coal handling equipment can also be computer-controlled.
It is for this reason that so much care has to be given to the burden preparation by sintering and by the blending of fluxes and coke.
So many devices have utilized these processes.
正如给水系统可由计算机控制那样，输煤设备也可以这样做。
正因为如此，必须通过优良烧结以及助熔剂和焦炭来精心准备高炉的炉料。 如此之多的装置现已采用了这些工艺。 第3节 翻译练习15
Attention is given to the transformer, too.
Too many women ignore the amount of iron they take in.
Such particles are far too tiny to be seen with the strongest microscope. Hardened steel is too hard and too brittle for many tools. 同时也注意变压器。
太多的女性忽视了自己摄入的铁离子含量。
这种粒子太小，即使用最高倍的显微镜也看不见。 硬化钢太硬、太脆，对许多工具的制作都不适宜。 第3节 翻译练习16
Many natural phenomena yet remain to be investigated. The cause of this wear have not yet been established.
If the temperature is high, the resistance of a wire becomes yet greater. 尚有许多自然现象有待研究。 这种磨损的原因尚未查明。
如果温度升高，导线的电阻会更大。
This could turn out to be our biggest mistake yet. This is the biggest underground lake yet discovered. 这是我们到目前为止所犯的最大错误。 这是迄今已发现的最大的底下湖。 5.4 形容词和副词比较级的译法 第4节 翻译练习1
The roads in our power plant are with a new kind of material, the strength of which is as great as that of concrete.
Metals do not change their form as easily as plastic bodies do.
我们电厂的道路是一种新材料铺设的，这种新材料的强度与水泥的强度一样高。 金属不像塑料物体那样容易变形。 第4节 翻译练习2
This material can withstand higher stresses under repeated loading.
Given a higher capital cost for electric buses, the cash grant payable would be higher for a conventional vehicle.
If one has an attitude of respect for the equipment, the end product will be more satisfactory. 这种材料在交变载荷下可以承受较高的应力。
即使电瓶巴士投资成本高于传统车辆，传统车辆应支付的现金补贴也会更高。 如果人们对生产设备持尊重态度，那么其生产出的成品也会更加令人满意。 第4节 翻译练习3
The right genetic material, weight for weight, can be more valuable than precious metals and jewels. Three of the giant planets radiate more heat back into space than they absorb from the sun. 恰当的遗传物质，就其重要性来说，要比贵金属和珠宝更有价值。
巨大的外层行星中有三颗射向太空的热量超过它们从太阳那里吸收的能量。 第4节 翻译练习4
Even quite small amounts of some impurities can make copper a much poorer conductor of electricity. Aluminum and copper are far more corrosion-resistant than ordinary steel. 甚至很少量的杂质都可能会使铜成为性能差得多的导电体。 铝和铜的抗腐蚀能力比普通钢高得多。 第4节 翻译练习5
Nuclear energy is being used more and more widely. More and more nuclear power stations are built up. 核能用得越来越广泛了。 建设了越来越多的核电站。 第4节 翻译练习6
The greater the bearing load, the shorter will be the life of the bearing in revolutions. The farther out the line of the momentum extends, the greater the angular momentum. The greater the cross-sectional area, the greater the strength will be. 轴承的载荷越大，其以转数为单位的寿命就越短。 动量作用线伸展得越远，角动量就越大。 截面越大，强度越大。
5.5 形容词和副词最高级的译法 第5节 翻译练习1:
Polyacetylene is the simplest possible conjugated polymer. Pain is the most prominent symptom of surgical disease. 聚乙炔可能是最简单的共轭聚合物。 疼痛是外科疾病最突出的症状。 第5章 总复习题
This seems to indicate that further research would be necessary. An a.c. motor is similar in construction to a d.c. motor.
Natural environment can be easily ruined by inappropriate exploration. Negative charges are moving counterclockwise. 这似乎表明进一步研究的必要性。 交流电动机与直流电动机结构相似。 开发不当容易毁坏自然资源。 负电荷按逆时针方向流动。
The average value of voltage can be measured point by point. The problem of materials is eased by the lower boiling point.
As a result, although there is minimal friction present, a lubricant is still absolutely essential. Removal procedure for left-hand and right-hand cyclic cylinders is essentially the same. 因此，虽然有很小的摩擦，但润滑剂仍旧是非常必要的。 电压的平均值可以逐点测量。
由于沸点较低，材料问题容易解决。
左右两边循环气缸的拆卸步骤基本上相同。
Substantially, anthecyanin, the pigment that turns leaves--- and apples--- red, is produced by sugars that remain after the nutrients are choked off. Massage will affect muscles throughout the body. In this test the major part is backed off electrically. It is also good for shock and impact loads.
The term minimum life is also used to mean rating life. 在此项实验中，主要部分被电补偿。
本质上，使树叶和苹果变红的色素——花色素苷是营养去除后剩余的糖分产生的。 它还适用于振动和冲击载荷。
推拿将会对全身的肌肉组织产生影响。 最小寿命这个术语也指额定寿命。
Usually, a 2cm adjustment of the machine is enough to bring the pressure back to normal. Statistics is a rather modern branch of mathematics.
Computers provide the means for greater speed and accuracy in working with ideas than had previously been possible.
Less than a quarter of the energy of a human engine is converted into mechanical energy. Hydrogen is the lightest gas, its density being 0.0894 g/l. 统计学是一门相当新的数学分支。
人体发出的不到1/4的能量转变为机械能。
计算机处理意念时所提供方法的速度和精确度都超过了以往所能达到的水平。 氢是最轻的气体，其密度为0.0894克/升。
通常，把机器调整2厘米就足以使压力恢复正常。 6.1 介词的一般译法 第1节 翻译练习1
In general, man serves as the source of infection while animals act as such only occasionally. An industrial robot shares many attributes in common with a numerical control machine tool. 一般来说，人可作为感染源，而动物只是偶然如此。 工业用机器人与数控机床有许多共同的特性。 第1节 翻译练习2
With non-changeover control both the boiler plant and the chiller plant operate to provide simultaneous heating and cooling throughout the year.
The online service delivers substantially more value to our global audience of e-business professionals
用英语说plant a tree的过程篇二：英语阅读解题步骤
英语阅读理解解题技巧-解题步骤
在做阅读理解时，可遵循三部曲的原则，即：快速阅读短文;认真逐题作答;复查校对答案。 第一步，快速阅读短文;通读测试题，明确考查点。
先读题，明确题目要求，弄清考点，然后带着问题去读文章，这种方法在英语中称为scanning，就是寻读。快速阅读一遍弄清段落大意，对全文有一个整体了解，阅读时从宏观入手，掌握中心意思，注意哪些用以说明中心意思的主要事实和细节，抓住关键词，弄清作者写此篇文章的目的及意图。如遇到生词，应先跳过，继续通读全文，切忌长时间死扣生词，因为有些生词并不影响对全文的理解，还有一些词可以通过上下文推测含义。
第二步，认真逐题作答。
看完短文后，对整篇短文的内容有了大致的了解，然后马上看后面的问题，带着问题去找答案。如果属于客观信息题，就可直接在短文中找到出处。如果是主观判断题，则应迅速再读全文，仔细分析思考，将近似的答案对照原文反复比较，推敲，选出最佳答案。 第三步，仔细校对所选答案。
做完所有题目后，再读一遍短文，逐一检查所有答案是否有误。如果有拿不定主意的答案，不要随意更改。一定要从原文中找到依据，方可更正。
-阅读技巧
①要快速浏览全文，掌握主旨和大意，特别注意文章的主题句，理出作者的写作思路。(What is the idea? What are facts?)
②要尽快浏览课文后的思考题，尽量带着问题读;
③完成事实细节题时，要找到定位句;
④要把有关WHO，WHAT，WHERE，HOW和WHY等方面内容用笔圈画出来。 ⑤遇到推理判断题时，要注意作者的态度和命题人的意图，不可从个人的经验出发。 “做英语阅读理解时，答题也有讲究。如果同学们具备一定的答题技巧，那么最终将事半功倍。”因为做猜测词义题、细节理解题、主旨归纳题、推理判断题都有一定的技巧。 英语阅读理解解题技巧 一、猜测词义题
阅读理解经常会遇到生词，这些生词怎么解决呢?这就需要一些猜词的技巧。
(一)根据生活常识猜测词义
Children are always boasting. They say things like“ My Dad's car is bigger than your Dad's，”“My Mom is smarter than yours.” And “My family has more money than yours.” The word “boasting” means __ __
A.骄傲 B.吹牛 C.顽皮 D.幼稚
Many plants and animals are going extinct. Mammoths，which are related(有关联的) with Asia elephants，are now extinct. There are no mammoths in the world today.
1.A mammoth is a kind of ____.
A. plant B. bird C. animal D. tree
2.The word extinct means ____.
A.出现 B.危险 C.灭绝 D.变异
Usually people make dumplings at home. If you have no time to make them，you can buy them from any supermarket. Then you take them home and eat them with vinegar.
The word “vinegar” means______.
Water is made from oxygen and hydrogen.
The words “oxygen and hydrogen” mean ____and _____.
(二)根据上下文的意思来猜测
1.Some people like to walk quickly home after work，but I prefer to stroll home and look at the store windows along the way._______ ，but today she arrives quite late.________
3.The door is so low that I hit my head on the lintel.________
(三)根据转折、因果关系猜测词义
通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：
You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.
(四)通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思;
二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一义域。
三是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等;
四是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
(五)通过构词法猜词
在阅读文章时，总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，如前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等;后缀-ment表名词，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument等;后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词;如calculate、calculator，visit、visitor，law、lawyer，wait、waiter，sci-ence、scientist，art、artist等，这些问题便不难解决了。
(六)通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought.从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为“久旱”，“旱灾”。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。
(七)通过句法功能来推测词义
例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。
(八)通过描述猜词
描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
英语阅读理解解题技巧二、细节理解题
首先浏览一遍题目，看清题目要求理解什么细节，然后有选择性地在文中找出相应的段落句子或短语，认真分析理解，选出正确答案。
Example1：What do you think of your teachers? Now，American students can say what they think on a new website!
On ，students can rate(评定) their teachers. So far，there have been 2 million ratings for 365，000 teachers at 21，000 schools in the US and Canada.
Where can the students rate(评定) their teachers according to the passage?(A)
A. On a new website
B. At the class meeting
C. In the classroom.
D. Out of the school
Example2：Years ago，many zoos kept all kinds of animals in small cages. Small cages made it easy for people to see the animals，but a small cage is not a good place for an animal to live in. Today zoos keep animals in different kinds of cages. The cages are very big and open. They usually have plants and a little lake.
1.Zoos kept animals in small cages so that people can(B)
A. protect them B. see them better
C. feed them D. save them
2.Today，zoos keep animals(A)
A. in bigger cages B. in the wild
C. in smaller cages D. in the field
用英语说plant a tree的过程篇三：英语阅读理解解题技巧、解题步骤
英语阅读理解解题技巧-解题步骤
王老师说，同学们在做阅读理解时，可遵循三部曲的原则，即：快速阅读短文;认真逐题作答;复查校对答案。
第一步，快速阅读短文;通读测试题，明确考查点。
先读题，明确题目要求，弄清考点，然后带着问题去读文章，这种方法在英语中称为scanning，就是寻读。快速阅读一遍弄清段落大意，对全文有一个整体了解，阅读时从宏观入手，掌握中心意思，注意哪些用以说明中心意思的主要事实和细节，抓住关键词，弄清作者写此篇文章的目的及意图。如遇到生词，应先跳过，继续通读全文，切忌长时间死扣生词，因为有些生词并不影响对全文的理解，还有一些词可以通过上下文推测含义。 第二步，认真逐题作答。
看完短文后，对整篇短文的内容有了大致的了解，然后马上看后面的问题，带着问题去找答案。如果属于客观信息题，就可直接在短文中找到出处。如果是主观判断题，则应迅速再读全文，仔细分析思考，将近似的答案对照原文反复比较，推敲，选出最佳答案。 第三步，仔细校对所选答案。
做完所有题目后，再读一遍短文，逐一检查所有答案是否有误。如果有拿不定主意的答案，不要随意更改。一定要从原文中找到依据，方可更正。
-阅读技巧
①要快速浏览全文，掌握主旨和大意，特别注意文章的主题句，理出作者的写作思路。(What is the idea?What are facts?)
②要尽快浏览课文后的思考题，尽量带着问题读;
③完成事实细节题时，要找到定位句;
④要把有关WHO，WHAT，WHERE，HOW和WHY等方面内容用笔圈画出来。 ⑤遇到推理判断题时，要注意作者的态度和命题人的意图，不可从个人的经验出发。 “做英语阅读理解时，答题也有讲究。如果同学们具备一定的答题技巧，那么最终将事半功倍。”王老师说，做猜测词义题、细节理解题、主旨归纳题、推理判断题都有一定的技巧。 英语阅读理解解题技巧 一、猜测词义题 阅读理解经常会遇到生词，这些生词怎么解决呢?这就需要一些猜词的技巧。
(一)根据生活常识猜测词义
Children are always boasting.They say things like“My Dad's car is bigger than your Dad's，”“My Mom is smarter than yours.”and“My family has more money than yours.” The word“boasting” means __B___
A.骄傲 B.吹牛 C.顽皮 D.幼稚
Many plants and animals are going extinct.Mammoths，which are related(有关联的) with Asia elephants，are now extinct.There are no mammoths in the world today.
1.A mammoth is a kind of _C___.
A.plant B.bird C.animal D.tree
2.The word extinct means _C_
A.出现 B.危险 C.灭绝
Usually people make dumplings at home.If you have no time to make them，you can buy them from any supermarket. Then you take them home and eat them with vinegar. The wor d“vinegar” means 醋
Water is made from oxygen and hydrogen.
The words“oxygen and hydrogen” mean 氢和氧
(二)根据上下文的意思来猜测
1.Some people like to walk quickly home after work，but I prefer to stroll home and look at the store windows along the way.(溜达)
2.She is usually prompt for all her classes，but today she arrives quite late.(准时的)
3.The door is so low that I hit my head on the lintel.(门梁)
(三)根据转折、因果关系猜测词义
通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，ofcourse，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：
You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。
(四)通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happya nd gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(
火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
(五)通过构词法猜词
在阅读文章时，总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，如前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等;后缀-ment表名词，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument等;后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词;如calculate、calculator，visit、visitor，law、lawyer，wait、waiter，sci-ence、scientist，art、artist等，这些问题便不难解决了。
(六)通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought.从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为“久旱”，“旱灾”。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。
(七)通过句法功能来推测词义
例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。
(八)通过描述猜词
描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习
性。
英语阅读理解解题技巧二、细节理解题
首先浏览一遍题目，看清题目要求理解什么细节，然后有选择性地在文中找出相应的段落句子或短语，认真分析理解，选出正确答案。
Example1：What do you think of your teachers?Now，American students can say what they think on a new website!
On ，students canrate(评定) their teachers.So far，there have been 2 million ratings for 365，000 teachers at 21，000 schools in the US and Canada.
Where can the students rate(评定) their teachers according to the passage?(A)
A.On a new website
B.At the classmeeting
C.In the classroom.
D.Out of the school
Example2：Years ago，many zoos kept all kinds of animals in small cages.Small cages made it easy for people to see the animals，but a small cage is not a good place for an animal to live in.Today zoos keep animals in different kinds of cages.The cages are very big and open.They usually have plants and a little lake.
1.Zoos kept animals in small cages so that people can(B)
A.protect them B.see them better
C.feed them D.save them
2.Today，zoos keep animals(A)
A.in bigger cages
B.in the wild
C.in smaller cages
D.in the field
用英语说plant a tree的过程篇四：Lesson12 Take care of the trees!
Lesson12 Take care of the trees!
主备学校：西关小学 主备人：王洁 合作团队：陆月平 陈慧娟 王洁
本课谈论的主要话题是大自然的草木，从而涉及到了一个更高的话题：environment protection ( 环境保护)。 人们要爱护这美丽的大自然。 We must take care of them. 学生能听懂，会说，会写与植物有关的名词和动词短语。能够用英语描述自己所看到的自然景色， You can find many tall trees in it. \ The grass is green and the flowers are sweet. 教学内容（Learning contents）: Take care of the trees!（第一课时） 教学目标及重难点： 1. 听懂，会说会写会写和植物有关的一些名词和动词短语。
a lily, grass, dig a hole, plant trees pick flowers, cut a tree.
2. 学习运用情态动词，can, can’t, must, should.
You can find many …
We can’t pick flowers ( cut the tree).
We must (should) take care of the them.
教学方法:高效课堂模式。
教法：情景教学法，趣味游戏法。 学法:自主学习，合作探究。 知识链接（Knowledge link）:
情态动词后面跟动词的原形。
学习指导（Learning guide）
(1)自主学习句型：We can’t pick flowers ( cut the tree).
We must (should) take care of the them
(2) 听懂，会说，正确书写上面的句子。
自主学习（Self--learning ）
1.举手回答问题描述自己喜欢的动物及特征。 2.根据图片理解题意。
3.举手汇报预习成果. 4.明确学习目标。
合作探究（group-- work）
1.观察图片试读听录音并跟读。 2.请小老师领读。
3.同桌互读。 4.尝试用新词造句。
5.集体回忆已学知识。其中 can, can’t, should都是情态动词， 表示
我们的请求，意愿，意志。For example,You should study hard.
You can’t speak loudly. You can drink anyone you like.
6.认真书写单词和短语。 7.四人一组认读并记忆已学知识。
小组展示（group show）
1.举手与老师对话,如:
I can see some beautiful flowers .
We can’t pick flowers.
We should take care of them.
2.以组为单位,进行会话表演
课堂小结
这节课我学会了
巩固提高
1. 默写单词同桌互阅。
2. Try to draw your park and describe it with key words and struct
ures
课堂检测
( )1. Please look the picture the park, it's very
beautiful.
A.on;at B.on;of C.at;of
( )2. The is green and the are sweet.
A.grass;flower B.grass;flowers C.grasses;flowers
( )3. We must take care them. A.of B.for C.to
( )4. We can't flowers. We should love them.
A.to pick B.pick C.picking
( )5. I think this book will be
A.helpful B.help C.helps
( )6. Look ! The children are trees.
A.planting B.plant C.to plan
课堂作业
1.观察图片,朗读两篇短文。
2.回答下列问题。
1)What can you find in the first picture? 2)Can we pick flowers?
3)What are the children doing in the second picture?
4)Can we cut trees? 5)What should we do? 作业布置：
板书设计：
课后反思：
Lesson12 Take care of the trees!
主备学校：西关小学 主备人：王洁 合作团队：陆月平 陈慧娟 王洁 教学内容（Learning contents）：Take care of the trees!（第二课时） 教学目标：
Let ’ s practice (I) and (II)
Review the new words and expressions.
Try to describe the pictures according to the samples description 教学重难点:
1. Improve the students ’ reading comprehension
2. 学习情态动词的用法。can , can’t, must, should.
教学方法:高效课堂模式。
教法：情景教学法，趣味游戏法。 学法:自主学习，合作探究。 学习指导（Learning guide） (1) Take good care of 保护好，照顾好
For example：I will take good care of myself. We should take
care of flowers.
(2) can, can’t, should都是情态动词， 表示我们的请求，意愿，意志。 自主学习（Self--learning ）
根据动物园和公园的图片，学生之间互相对话。
--What’s this? --It’s a zoo\park.
--What can you see? --I can see
合作探究（group-- work）
小组内完成Let ’ s practice (I)
2.小组内完成Let ’ s practice (II) This passage is about the Tree Planting Day and teach us the steps and ways of planting trees. 这篇文章主要是围绕植树节来写的，并且交给我们植树的步骤和方法。
小组展示（group show）
展示小组合作探究的结果：总结出Let ’ s practice (I) and (II)的答案 Let ’ s practice (I)
1. (1)We can’t hurt the animals, (2) We can’t walk on the grass.
They are so lovely. They are beautiful.
We must take of them. We must take of them.
2. Let ’ s practice (II) (1) March 12th is the Tree Planting Day.
(2) People go out to plant trees on that day.
(3) Trees are peoples’ friends.
(4) We must take good care of the trees.
课堂小结
这节课我学会了
课堂检测
一、你知道为什么不能这样做吗？仔细想一想选择正确的答案。
A.they are very young B.they are lovely
C.they are very beautiful D.they look nice
( ( )2. We can't cut the trees. Because
( )3. We can't hurt the animals. Because .
( )4. We can't walk on the grass. Because
二、补全对话。
Miss liu: what can you Students: we can see green trees
Miss liu: can we Students: no,we Miss liu:why? Students: they are Miss liu:what we do?
Students: we must take care them
作业布置：
板书设计：
课后反思：
Lesson12 Take care of the trees!
主备学校：西关小学 主备人：王洁 合作团队：陆月平 陈慧娟 王洁 教学内容（Learning contents）：Take care of the trees!（第三课时） 教学目标：
1.能用英语表达自己所看到的美丽景色，描述美丽的花，可爱的草，高达的树，并能用英语描述种树、栽花的过程。
2.培养学生爱护大自然，爱护花草树木的良好行为习惯。
教学重难点：
学习用英语描述种花种树的步骤。
教学方法:高效课堂模式。
教法：情景教学法，趣味游戏法。 学法:自主学习，合作探究。 学习指导（Learning guide）
教师引导学生用所学过的语言点来自编对话。
合作探究（group-- work）
学生用情态动词 should 来描述种树的步骤。
1. We should dig a hole.
2. We should put the tree in the hole.
3. We should cover the tree with the earth.
用英语说plant a tree的过程篇五：unit 8
用英语说plant a tree的过程篇六：2014新版小学英语六年级上--讲评unit3--期中
课题：Unit3--期中 讲评
【课型】讲评课
【讲评目标】
1、通过试卷讲评，让学生发现试卷中的错误，查缺补漏。 2、培养学生自己发现问题、解决问题的能力。 3、培养学生合作探究的能力和精神。 【讲评重点与难点】
典型错误出错原因的剖析与纠错，典型题目解题思路探究与解题方法分析。 【讲评过程】
一、导入（测情总述）
从总体上看,学生基础知识学生掌握较好，能灵活运用所学的知识。教师分析学生成绩，表扬成绩突出和进步幅度较大的学生。
附：六年级英语期中试题
一、 判断划线部分的发音，相同的打对号，不同的打错号。 ( )1. meat bread ( )2. but bus ( )3. idea peach ( )4. rice right ( )5. post nose ( )6. always face ( )7. elephant set ( )8. seven strong ( )9.driver bike ( )10. south the
二、 请用直线把汉语与相应的英语单词连接起来。（20分）
轮船 地铁 想要 飞机 南 北 知道 西 总是 分钟 plane north minute ship want subway always south know west 三、 请在B栏中找出A栏句子的答语，将其字母代号填在括号中。 A B
( )How do you go to school? A. You can go by the No.5 bus. ( )Can I go on foot? B. No, it’s not far. ( )How can I go to the zoo? C. Sure, if you like. ( )Is it far from here? D .It’s near the hospital. ( ) Where is the cinema? E. Usually I go on foot. ( )Where is the bookstore? F. My home is near the cinema. ( )What are you going to do? G .I am going at 3 o’clock. ( )Where are you going this evening? H. I’m going to play football. ( )When are you going? I. It’s east of the cinema. ( )Where is your home? J . I’m going to the bookstore. 四、选择填空（10%）
( )1、－______ your birthday? － It’s on the 1st of May. A 、What’s Ｂ、When’s Ｃ、Where’s
( )2、－Is the running race ______? － Yes, it is. A 、excited Ｂ、exciting Ｃ、excite
( )3、My birthday is _______. A 、come Ｂ、coming Ｃ、comes
( )4、My birthday is on the _______ of November. A 、twelve Ｂ、twelveth Ｃ、twelfth ( )5、I’d like a big cake _______ lots of strawberries _____ my birthday party. A 、of, for Ｂ、with, as Ｃ、with, for
( )6、It was there _________. A 、now Ｂ、just now Ｃ、a moment
( )7、Lucy _____ to go shopping with her mother. A 、want Ｂ、wants Ｃ、wanting ( )8、The earphones ______ on the sofa. A 、is Ｂ、are Ｃ、was
( )9、The students are _______ the match now. A 、looking at Ｂ、seeing Ｃ、watching ( )10、－What does it ________? － It______ you shouldn’t touch it. A 、mean, means Ｂ、means, mean Ｃ、means, means 五、请根据汉语提示，在空白处填单词。
1. 红灯停。 _______at a red __________.
2. 请看这些漫画书。 Look at these __________ books, _________. 3. 我坐火车去北京。 I go to Beijing ______ ___________.
4. 今天下午我准备去邮局。 I’m going to the post _________ this __________. 5. 今天上午我去了银行。I went to the bank ________ _____________. 六、用所给词的正确形式填空 (15%)
1 There is a letter for ________ (she) mother. 2、 Give _______(he) a toy, please.
3、 He ______ _______ (go) to the park now. 4、 ________ you ________ (go) to school every day?
5、 My mother ________ not________ (like) English. She _______ (like) Chinese. 6、 When_____ you _______ (go ) to school? I _____ (go) to school at five every day. 7、 He______ (is ) ill yesterday.
8 ______ they watch TV on Sundays? Yes, they __ 七、根据提示写单词。每个2分，共10分
1. I’m going to ShangHai by__________(飞机). 2. _______(如何) do you go to the park?
3. I’m going to buy a comic book this _________(早上). 4. Go straight, then turn __________(左边).
5. What are you going to do __________ ___________(下周). 八、、阅读短文，回答后面的问题。
（A）
I am a bird. I fly in the sky. I like the clouds. They are pretty. I live in a tree. The tree is near a river. There aren’t any fish in the river. There is only one tree. I feel lonely.
One day, I see some students. They plant trees. They grow flowers, too. I like the trees and the flowers. They are very beautiful. Then there are trees and flowers. There are many fish in the river. The air is cleaner, the clouds are more whiter. Many birds come. I am happy. 1.( )In the passage（短文）, “I am a _________.” A bird B tree C flower 2.( )Where is the tree?
A On the river. B Over the river. C Near the river. 3.( )Are there any fish in the river at first（原来）? A Yes, there is. B Yes, there are. C No, there aren’t. 4. ( )Who plants the trees and flowers? A Some students. B Some birds. C Some fish. 5. ( )After reading this passage, what should you do? A Water the flowers and trees. B Cook the meals.C Make the bed.
（B）
阅读理解，对的在括号内写T, 错的在括号内F.(5%)
Today is Sunday. It’s seven thirty in the morning. It’s fine. Kate and her parents are going to the Great Wall. Kate’s father is a doctor. Her mother is a teacher. Now they’re getting on a big bus. There are twenty-two people in it. Some are English, and some are American and Japanese. They look very happy. They’re going to the Great Wall, too.
There are four Chinese on the bus. A young woman, she’s a driver. A young man, he’s a guide. My father and I are going to the Great wall, too.
( )1、It’s a fine Sunday morning.
( )2、Kate’s father and mother are teachers. ( )3、There are twenty-two people in the bus. ( )4、They are happy. ( )5、The driver is a man. 三、讲评反思
1、通过学生讲解，更能帮助学生自己澄清模糊概念，培养思维能力，明确解题思路，提高解题能力。 2、在平常教学中，使学生所掌握的知识要落到实处，达到融会贯通。
3、 在讲评中教师不能简单地对答案或纠正错误，而应从方法、步骤着眼，从解题思路入手，注意引导学生认真分析题意，应时刻做好思路思维的示范，要将严谨、富有逻辑性的解题思路清晰地展现在学生面前，使学生从解题思路、方法和规范要求等方面受到启发。
4、进行讲评时不能“就题论题”，教师应把原题加以变化，进行“变式练习”，这实际上是给学生创造一个“再练习”“再提高”的机会，如此对某知识点从多角度、多侧面、多层次地进行合理的思维发散，可以充分调动学生解题的积极性，拓展他们的思维，加强思维的变通。
5、讲评课不能教师讲的太多，应留取足够的时间让学生消化、交流和巩固。
用英语说plant a tree的过程篇七：英语第一讲语音
初高中衔接班英语学科导学案
专家指导:李老师
第一讲 语音 代词 （一）语音
1．元音字母和辅音字母
元音字母：Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu
辅音字母：Bb Cc Dd Ff Gg Hh Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
2. 元音音标和辅音音标
3.读音规则表：
元音字母组合在重读闭音节中的读音
重读-r音节的读音
元音字母在重读开音节中的读音 重读-re音节的读音
元音字母在重读闭音节中的读音 大家在学词汇的过程中一定要多多练习，找到一般规律和特殊情况哦~
Let’s have a try!
1. Can you see the green leaves of each tree in the field.
2. Be quick! Be quick! We’ll go to the cinema. What is it? It’s a ticket. 3. The nurse saw a turtle on her purple curtain.
4. Doctor, actor, lawyer or a singer, why not president, be a dreamer. 5. I’m Paul. I’m four. I’m tall. Give me a call!
6. Tom’s got a lot of dots on his pocket. He will use a lot of hot water to wash off the dots. 7. How do you do! Bring your stool (凳子)！Go to school!
8. Green Wood, Mike Cook. Please have a look! I have a good book.
9. It’s too far to see the shark. It’s too dark to see the shark. Oh! The shark’s teeth are sharp!
10. Hurry up! Hurry up! A duck cuts a bug in the mud! 11. Cat! Cat! Catch that fat cat!
12. Ted has an egg and some bread and goes to bed.
13. Rain, rain, go away. Come again another day. Little kids, want to play. Rain, rain, go away.
14. Mike likes to write by the nice bright light at night.
15. One boy is a boy. Two boys are half boy. Three boys are no boy. 一个和尚挑水喝，两个和尚抬水喝，三个和尚没水喝。
16. A mouse ran into a cow’s mouth in front of the house. 17. Leo, Leo. Let us go! You are too slow! I don’t hope so!
18. Open your ear, listen to my idea. Give the deer, a glass of beer. Is it clear? 19. A bear is eating a pear over there. You must care the pears on the chair. 20. I am sure the water is pure, I am sure the water is a lure on a tour.
21. A sheep has a shop. A pig comes to the shop and says to the sheep. What is cheap? 22. Bob’s big brother is building a beautiful building between two big brick blocks. 23. My pet was a cat. It sat in a hat and watched a rat.
24. Dick’s dad gives Ted a kind of delicious food in his red dirty hand.
25. A cook is looking for a book. He wants to cook a cake in a cooker for all of the cooks. 26. Oh, my god! What a big dog! Give him a burger, close the gate quickly. 27. My sister is a nurse. She has a small bus. It’s very nice.
28. Boys and girls, who lose a goose in a zoo? Raise your hands please.
29. She sells seashell on the seashore. The seashells she sells are seashells. I’m sure. 30. Television give me pleasure. Pleasure makes treasure. 31. Chalse is catching a chicken in the kitchen.
32. Waterloo Bridge. It’s a famous bridge. Something has changed. It’s not strange. 33. You foolish wolf, why do you laugh? I never cough, just full enough.
34. No matter where you move, no matter what you have, no matter how you live, remember our love.
35. Thred’s mouse is from the south. He has no tooth in his mouth, but he can say thanks. 36. Whose clothes are these? Whose clothes are these? They are theirs. They are theirs. 37. Peasants plant peanuts. Rats eat peanuts. Cats catch rats.
38. Show me your hands, my friends. We are birds. We’ve got no hands. 39. One more try, one more try. Don’t give up. You’ll reach the sky. 40. I dream to drink wine like a drinker and drive in to a river.
41. She is a sure-enough hag(女巫). Have a hammer in my hand. Beat her on the head. 42. Wow! It’s a white rabbit. Its eyes are red. They are very bright. It can read and write. 43. Look at the lucky lion. He laughs because he got many dollars and bought a flag and a lamp. / Pual tells Bill not to pull the ball on the table.
44. My dream is to make a moon cake on the moon for my mother. 45. Nick was born on the night of 9th , January, 1999.
46. Sing a song. Give you a pound. I am young. Give me two hundred pounds. 47. What do you want? We want the white watch to watch. 48. Your little nephew has a few new books.
(二) 代词
初中知识回顾
1. 代词用来代替名词、形容词和数词，多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。
2. 分类：英语中的代词可分为九大类，分别是人称代词（主格和宾格）、物主代词（形容词性和名词性）、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词、关系代词、连接代词。
3. 人称代词，物主代词，反身代词对应表，你还记得吗？
快速完成下面的练习
1.Does your brother often wash clothes______? A. he B .himself C. herself D .him
2.The book on the shelf is______.She wrote______ name on its cover _______.
A .hers ; her ;herself B. her; hers; herself C. herself; her; hers D .her; herself; herself
3.______ Li Ping’s brother. A. Her B. His C .He’s D. She’s
4.When you see Tom and his sister , tell ______ that ______ mother is waiting at the gate.
A. his ;his B. her; hers C. them ; their D. his ; her 5. Betty, help _____ to some soup. Thanks a lot. A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours 6.I have a car ________.
A. of myself B. myself C. of my own D. my own 7. He is taller than _______ all. (他比我们都高。) 8. What is the difference between the two sentences.
A: He loves her more than me. B: He loves her more than I.
4. 相互代词 指示代词 疑问代词
* 人们开始彼此住得很近。 我们可以从彼此身上学到很多。
maps.
挑战一下：Things made by hand are usually more expensive than ____
用英语说plant a tree的过程篇八：英语说明文
用英语说plant a tree的过程篇九：八年级上英语Unit 8-A
第 2 页 共 6 页
第 3 页 共 6 页
第 4 页 共 6 页
第 5 页 共 6 页
用英语说plant a tree的过程篇十：考研英语 翻译
版式与《考研25堂》高分课同
第三篇 翻译
LECTURE 1 题目特征
本堂目标
课堂讲解
课堂练习 Exercise 1
You’ve hard a problem, you’ve thought about it till were tired, forgotten it and perhaps slept on it, and then flash! When you weren’t thinking about it suddenly the answer has come to you, as a gift from the gods.
Of course all ideas don’t come like that, but the interesting thing is that so many do, particularly the most important ones. They burst into the mind, glowing with the heat of creation. “unconscious”.
But growth requires a seed, and the heart of the creative process lies in the production of the original fertile nucleus from which growth can proceed. This initial step in all creation consists in the establishment of a new unity from disparate elements, of order out of disorder, of shape from Intuitions arise from richly unified experience.
Experimental physiology has not yet identified this process, for its methods are as yet insufficiently refined, but it may be significant that a quarter of the total bodily consumption of energy during sleep goes to the brain, even when the sense organs are at rest, to maintain the activity of ten thousand million brain cells. These cells, acting together as a single organ, achieve the miracle of the production of new patterns of thought. No calculating machine can do that, for such machines can “only do what we know how to design them to do”, and these formative brain processes obey laws which are still unknown.
Can any practical conclusions be drawn from the experience of genius? Is there an art of
thought fro the ordinary person? Certainly there is no single road to success; in the world of the imagination each has to find his own way to use his own gift. Exercise 2
It is a universally acknowledged fact that human beings possess a larger brain than animals. This allows us to coordinate our lives better and communicate with each other on a higher, more sophisticated level. Language is a mode of communication where with a limited number of words we can produce an infinite number of sentences. It gives us the chance to discuss ideas, and look The central question to be examined is: How does language actually influence our woody plant having a single, usually, long and straight main stem, generally with a few or no branches on its lower part? Or are we simply seeing it that way because of the context of the language in our culture?
illustrate this point. If one must classify things such as camels, automobiles or snow in certain ways, then one must perceive them differently from someone who does not require to make these distinctions. Eskimos may have a number of different meanings for the word “snow”, whereas we Hence one can infer that language imposes meaning on everything existing in our world through the human being.
Consequently, meaning must be placed at the center of any attempt to explain language. But, meaning lies not in the words but in the people. We use words to approximate the meanings we wish to communicate, but these words still remain imperfect and incomplete representations of our 课堂讲评 Exercise 1
Exercise 2