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comparision 例文篇一：GRE例文5篇
32 The following appeared in a memo from a vice president of Quiot Manufacturing. "During the past year, Quiot Manufacturing had 30 percent more on-the-job accidents than at the nearby Panoply Industries plant, where the work shifts are one hour shorter than ours. Experts say that significant contributing factors in many on-the-job accidents are fatigue and sleep deprivation among workers. Therefore, to reduce the number of on-the-job accidents at Quiot and thereby increase productivity, we should shorten each of our three work shifts by one hour so that employees will get adequate amounts of sleep."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
In the memo, the president of Quiot Manufacturing argued that they should shorten work shifts to ensure the workers have enough sleep, so that less on-the-job accidents would occur. At the first glance, the argument seems somewhat convincing; however, further reflection tells that this argument is rife with holes and assumptions, which means the recommendation drawn is not cogent.
First of all, citing that Quiot Manufacturing had 30 percent more on-the-job accidents than Panoply Industries plant, the president implied that the workers working in Quiot
Manufactruring are under great danger of getting hurt on the job so they must follow the work shifts pattern of Panoply. However, what we know is that Quiot had more accidents than Panoply by 30 percent but we do not know the exact number of the accidents. If Panoply Industries had 3 on-the-job accidents last year, that means Quiot had 4, which is really not much a difference.
Moreover, the president clearly assumed that it is because the Panoply had one hour shorter work shifts than resulted in less accidents. In this case the Quiot should follow suite. This could be a false assumption though. The Panoply might have other things to ensure the safety of their workers, better equipment to prevent accidents happen, for example. Before ruling out other factors that may account for the fact that the Panoply had 30 percent fewer accidents than Quiot, the manager shouldn't jump to the conclusion so quickly.
Last of all, the president suggested that by shortening work time, the workers’ productivity would increase and they can have more time to sleep. But no direct link is shown
between shorter work time and longer sleep time. Workers might use more time to drink in bars after work and more liquor might even make the number of accidents rise. As for productivity, though it is not illogical to think that shorter work time would cheer up the workers so that they would work harder, whether or not it would really increase
productivity require further investment. Maybe the workers do work harder, but with shorter work time they cannot do as much as what they use to do in a single work day. Also, the president could conduct a survey asking what could truly inspire the workers spirits so that productivity can increase.
While thinking about how to prevent accidents happen and to increase the company's profitability, the president should make throughout analysis instead of making
assumptions.
34
The argument gives the vice president's recommendation to the company's president that implementing electronic monitor can improve their employees' productivity. At the first glance, the recommendation seems somewhat convincing, but further reflection tells that this argument is rife with holes and assumptions, which means not strong enough to lead the recommendation.
First of all, the vice president made the assertion based on an assumption saying that employees of Climpson spend number of work hours on personal or recreational activities using Internet. If this assumption have proof strong enough to back with, then installing monitor device might help reducing such behavior; otherwise, the electronic monitors are just of no necessity.
Even if we assume that employees of Climpson do need to be monitored, the vice president failed to mention wheather implementing such monitoring device is legit. Given that the whole idea is backed with legal documents, there is no direct link between installing monitors and improving emplyees productivity. Being monitored, employees of Climpson might engender untrusted feeling and might therefore result in a drop of productivity, let alone fostering a better work ethic.
Furthermore, it is no exactly easy to distinguse wheather employees are doing their jobs or wasting time on the Internet. Also, if implementing a anti-monitoring device is easy enough for employees, then there is also a waste of time and energy. The vice president might assumed that this goal is easy to fulfill, but without further evidence assuring us that indentifying is possible and afforable, and that it is not likely to have anti-monitoring devices, we should not jump to the conclusion that implementing a monitor can reduce the number of work hours spent on personal or rectreational activities.
Even if implementing electronic monitors is useful in making sure in the whole monitoring process, we still don't see how it can result in a improval of the company's overall profits. If the expense of implementing all the monitors and hiring staff to maintain the devices cost more than what the company can benefit from improval of employees' productivity, then the total profit will decrease. Besides, the vice president might have made a fallacy that implementing monitors is the only way to provent employees from wasting time and to improve Cimpson's overall profit; however, at least some other choices are also possible, for instance to offer the employees time management courses, bonus and better welfare.
Unless the vice president can convince that fallacies aboce are unlikely to occur, I cannot accept the recommendation that implementing monitors of employees' Internet use. In conclusion, this is a weak argument. To strengthen it, the vice president should provide a thorough analysis of avalilable alternatives and filter out factors that might be affecting current assumption negatively.
39
The argumeng suggests that since the consumption of seafood in Bay City is increasing and no current restaurant is specialize in seafood, opening a new Capain Seafood restaurant should be popular and
profitable. At the first glance, the recommendation seems somewhat convincing, but further reflection tells that this argument is rife with holes and assumptions, which means not strong enough to lead such conclusion.
First of all, the first study quoted in the argument lacks time effectiveness because even though the consumption of seafood increase in the past five years do not guarantee the same in the furture. Moreover, the study did not give a comparision with other food consumption. If consumption for all food increased in the past five years then maybe it was due to higher cost of food or money inflation.
Even if we assume that only seafood consumption went up in the past five years, the author still might hava confused the cause with sequence of two occurrences: the 30% increase of seafood consumption in Bay City of the last five years and zero city restaurant specializing in seafood currently. The consumption increase should be measured with other related factors, such as population and the cost of restaurant operation. If the population increased more quickly than the consumption did or the operation cost inflated largely, then
consumption increase might lead to profit decrease. Even if consumtion increase can bring along profit, the existing restaurants might have already occupied the whole market, which explains why no new ones opening.
Moreover, the second study in the argument showing that two-income families are more likely to eat out and healthy is not valid since it was conducted within nationwide that it cannot supports the
conditions in Bay City as a city. And even if the conditions in Bay City is the same as in what the study had shown, seafood is too high protein to be called healthy food.
Lastly, there are a lot to consider when evaluating whether a
restaurant will be popular and profitable or not. One study or two are clearly not strong enough to convince someone to open or to invest a bussiness in seafood restaurant.At least some another factors should be put into consideration, for instance, the cost of opeing a seafood
resturant, population of the city and location of the resturant.
Unless I can be convinced that fallacies above are unlikely to occur, I cannot accept the suggestion that opening a new Captain seafood restaurant is going to be popular and profitable. In conclusion, this is a weak arugment. To strenghen it, whoever wrote the argumeng should provide a thorough analysis and filter out factors that might be effecting current assumption negatively. (450)
EXAMPLE
The author believes that the new Captain Seafood restaurant will surely be popular and profitable because the consumption of seafood in the past 5 years have increased by 30 percent and a national survey reported that the two income families are more likely to eat outside than they did 10 years ago. The argument is based on assumptions that is invalid, which makes the argument not cogent enough. Several specific evidence are needed to support the conclusion.
First of all, a 30 percent increase in the consumption is not valid enough to manifest the popularity of the seafood. If five years ago, the assumption of seafood per month was 50 tons, then nowadays, the assumption per month is 65 tons. The 15 tons increase is a small increase in the long period and can not prove the popularity of seafood. Also, if the total population increased very quickly, the 30 percent increase is normal for the denser population. To strengthen the argument, the author should provide the average assumption of the citizens and compare the statistics to five years ago. If the average assumption have increased 30 percent, then the claim is valid enough to confirm the future success of the sea food restaurant.(需求上升30百分之，不算很大，得看基数是多少，如果基数很小，那么增长也不多啊亲）
Secondly, the author points out that the national survey reported that the two-income family are more likely to eat outside than they were a decade ago and the family prefer the healthier seafood. This is ridiculous, There are many other causes that may lead to the family to eat fewer family meals. For instance, the economic situation is much better than it is ten years ago and the average wage of the citizens have increased a lot that the family have more extra income to eat outside home. They go to the seafood restaurant more frequently not because of the favor of the food but because of the improvement of life quality. Moreover, there is no evidence to prove that seafood is heathier than any other kind of food. To make the argument more convincing, the author should give specific analysis of the national survey and make it clear whether the popularity of the seafood or other factors that contributes to the increase assumption of seafood.（national survey 的情况并不能代表Bay City 的情况，即使收入增加， 不代表大家都要出去吃海鲜这种啊）
Thirdly, the author claims that the Captain Seafood Restaurant that specializes in seafood will be profitable and popular. This is an arbitrary judge for there are many other factors that can influence the run of the restaurant. The first is the location, if the restaurant locates in an prosperous urban area, then it is without doubt that the restaurant will be a big success. What if it locates in the poorest blocks, the output is quite different. The second is the service quality of the restaurant, without the kind waiters and waitress and the high quality seafood they provide,
it is impossible for the restaurant to gain success. To strenghten the conclusion, the author have to confirm the comprehensive of the restaurant, such as the location, the quality of the food and so on.（决定一个餐厅是否成功不一定只有一个因素，餐厅地理位置的坐落，当地街区人民 额生活水平都会影响的）
To sum up, before reaching the conclusion that the Captain Seafood restaurant will be a profitable business run, the author should confirm the validity of the national survey and the specific circumstances of the seafood restaurant to make the argument more persuasive.(546)
41.
1. 研究出错：不知道样本容量以及是否随机抽样的问题，不知道调查对象的主体特点
2. 报告不中立：这些reporter的报告可能不中立
3. 类比错误：这两个study的研究群体是不是同一类人，研究的地段是否一致，这些都remain
unknown。
4. 因果错误：首先无证据证明带了头盔的人就会行车更鲁莽。其次，可能有因果错误。是因
为近年的行车事故多导致戴头盔的人数增多，不是因为戴头盔的人数增多而导致事故量增多
5. Assumption gap：事故量增多可能是因为行车人员增多了引起的。光看事故量不能说明问题，
应该看事故率。
6. 片面处理解决方案：教育群众多注意行车安全的同时也可以教育他们戴头盔，这两者并不
矛盾。假设戴头盔真的会引起数量增多的话，更应该教育大家带了头盔只是保护的一种，并不能因此而bold。
The argument gives a newsletter asserting that the in order to reduce the number of serious injuries, the government should concentrate more on ducating people about bicycle safety and less on encouraging or requiring bicyclists to wear helmets. At the first glance, this assertion seems somewhat convincing, but further reflection tells that this argument is rife with holes and assumptions, which means not strong enough to believe.
First of all, from the study mentioned in the argument, we have no information about the size of the sample and we find no sign of the random sampling procedure. Moreover, we are not told wether the respondents are representative enough. What's more, the nature of the study is not objective because we cannot gurantee the bicyclists who made reports are being 100% honest. The turth can be that these bicyclists lied because they didn't want others finding out that they did not wear helmets as required.
Also, we are given no information about whether the two studies mentioned in the newsletter are studying the same group at the same place. If they are studying two completely different groups then the results cannot demonstrate anything.
Given the fact that the studies are among the same group, no evidence presented that those who wear helmets are more likely to take risks.
comparision 例文篇二：毕业论文 例文(原文为16页,现删减为6页,作为格式及摘要写法例文)
Ambition and Fate:
Study of Tragic Connotations of The Thorn Birds
Li
(Class 1, 2007, Foreign Languages School, Qingdao Agricultural University)
Abstract: This paper analyzes different ambitions and the same fate of main characters, which reveals tragic connotations of the predictive novel –The Thorn Birds: people cannot get rid of the miserable fate like thorn birds so as to pursue their own ambitions and happiness. Meanwhile, this paper reveals the fundamental reasons of the tragedy, including social and time background, suppression of religion, and influence of male value orientations on female fates. In the end, this paper discuses tragic significance of the novel, pointing out that pain is the inevitable fate of human beings in the pursuit of happiness; pursuing thorns is the need of self-realization; and the value of life in thorn birds: in order to pursue happiness, people should face pain bravely and realize the true meaning of life. Key Words: Ambition; Fate; Tragic Connotations; Significance
野心与命运
——《荆棘鸟》悲剧意蕴探析
摘要：本文通过剖析《荆棘鸟》中三位主人公的野心、追求以及他们最终的命运，揭示出这部预言小说的悲剧意蕴：为追求各自的理想和幸福,人们无法摆脱荆棘鸟般的苦难命运。通过分析，论文揭示了这部小说的悲剧根源，包括社会时代背景，宗教对人们思想的钳制，以及男性价值取向对女性命运的影响。最后，本文阐述了《荆棘鸟》这部悲剧小说的意义，指出痛苦是人类在追求幸福的过程中必然要面对的命运；追求荆棘是自我价值实现的需要；荆棘鸟所体现的生命价值是为了追求幸福，人们要勇敢地面对苦难，实现生命的价值。
关键词：野心；命运；悲剧意蕴；意义
1. Introduction
The Thorn Birds, with its intricate plot, ingenious structure and fine style of writing, was written in 1977 by Colleen McCullough, who lived in modern Australia when human traditional beliefs were shaken and feminism was in fashion. She was deeply impressed by the new thoughts and it was reflected in the characters she created in this novel, ―who are so brave and tenacious that their strong determinations win an extra advantage in the story‖ (Shan Dan，2006: 31). It was frequently called the Australian’s Gone with the Wind. Soon after its publication, The Thorn Birds became an international bestseller in over 20 languages and stayed on the best-seller list for eight months. The Times equaled it to The Godfather, Love story and seven other stories, all of which were famed as modern ten classics. Observer commented it as one of the biggest-selling, most widely read books in the history of fiction. Musicals, films and TV series adapted from it also had everlasting charms to the audiences.
The Thorn Birds is a saga novel about three generations of an Australian family – the Clearys from 1915 to 1965, vividly depicts a beautiful tale of the female character, Meggie, and R except introduction and conclusion. The first part reveals tragic connotations of the novel by depicting different ambitions and same fate of three main characters; the second part analyzes fundamental reasons of the tragedy; and the last part shows tragic significance of the novel.
2. Tragic Connotations of The Thorn Birds
This part contains three sections: the first section describes different ambitions and same fate of main characters; the second section is about the story of thorn birds which predicts the tragedy of the novel; the last section summarizes the tragic connotations revealed by the story of main characters.
2.1 Different Ambitions, Same Fate
The main characters in the novel have their own ambitions, but their fates are the same. Just as thorn birds, they pursue their own thorns from birth, suffer great pain and thus attain bliss.
2.1.1 Ralph
Ralph has a great ambition to get ecclesiastical power, which costs him the whole life. Being a local Catholic priest, he falls in love with Meggie at first sight. From then on, he is tormented spiritually by power and earthly love in the process of realizing his ambition. His ambition forces him resist the love towards Meggie. On Mary (an old woman with great passion to Ralph)’s 70-year-old birthday party, Ralph studiously ignores Meggie which makes her sad and weep in the cemetery since midnight. When he consoles her, he says, ―I am a priest and therefore I should be above of suspicion. People would be saying I was interested in you as a man, not as a priest‖ (McCullough, 1977: 167). This reflects his inner heart of yearning for power despite of his love towards Meggie. When facing the 13,000,000 pounds of Mary’s inheritance, Ralph chooses the treasure as the money could he what you wanted; more than her, more than your son‖ (McCullough, 1977: 557). Only in death, he finds the peace he cannot find in his life, realizing that to pursue his own thorn – ambition, he suffers great pain, sacrificing himself and his happiness.
2.1 .2 Meggie
Meggie’s ambition is to pursue her true love for which she has to fight against God and religion. She pursues her love all life long and it becomes the basic principle and purpose of her life, though she knows that ―It was wrong to dream of a priest‖, but ―there didn’t seem to be any way she could discipline herself into not doing it‖ (McCullough, 1977: 154). So when her father persuades her that ―It’s wrong to dream about a priest and it’s time you understood that‖, she protests tautly, ―but he could stop being a priest‖ (McCullough, 1977: 209). It shows her strong desire to gain Ralph’s love. Later, she chooses to marry Luke – an ordinary man with strong desire towards money, which is only a strategy to facilitate her personal association with Ralph, just as her mother says, ―Marrying Luke was the smartest move you made‖ (McCullough, 1977: 420). Gradually, she comes to realize that it is God and Church who destroy her love. She doubts religion, as ―Religion to Meggie was a set if laws rather than a spiritual experience, it couldn’t help her at all‖ (McCullough, 1977: 170). She curses God, because God never shows his mercy to her, and in her mind, ―God is a fraud, a demon of fear‖ (McCullough, 1977: 415).
On the Matlock Island, she ―steals‖ a son, Done, from Ralph because ―I knew he would never be willing to give up his God. It was for that reason I was determined to have the only part of him I ever could – his child.‖ (McCullough, 1977: 421) As a result, she gets part of him which is the biggest victory she has made in her battle against God, even considering that…
2.3 Thorn Birds and Main Characters
By and large, the tragic connotation of the novel is revealed by the identically tragic fate of main characters. They are driven by their ambitions, facing life with great courage and patience. They do not deny what is within them even if it makes them scream aloud to die. Near the end of the story, Meggie tells the truth, ―we are what we are, that’s all. Like the old Celtic legend of the bird with the thorn in its breast, singing its heart out and dying. Because it has to, it’s driven to. We create our own thorns, and never stop to count the cost. All we can do is suffer the pain, and tell ourselves it was well worth it.‖ (McCullough, 1977: 438) Although their thorns are different, they are all thorn birds as they seek for their love or belief at any price. Obviously, ―The fate of the characters has some similarity with thorn birds. The final arrangement of thorn birds is inserting the longest and sharpest thorns into their breasts, suffering great pain and thus attaining bliss. People do the same, only after suffering great pain can they taste happiness.‖ (王辽南，2005: 129)
Actually, all …is like a thorn bird that pursues her love persistently. All through her life, she struggles and endures though she knows that her love towards Ralph is in vain. Religion is Dane’s thorn, which he pursues loyally all life long. At the last minute of his life, he gains the bliss though suffering the great pain.
3. Fundamental Reasons of the Tragedy
Though The Thorn Birds is a predictive novel, which means that the tragedy is doomed in the very beginning, there are some fundamental reasons that cause these tragedies of main characters from deep significance, including time background, the vital social status and Original Sin in Christianity, Patriarchal Catholicism and male value orientations. Among these reasons, time background is the primary cause.
3.1 Time Background
During the early years of 1970s, the capitalist politics, economy and culture became the mainstream. Along with the rapid development of capitalism and the improvement of the substance life level, people’s thoughts would be influenced. People did not talk about the holiness of being a priest so much as before. People’s dependence on God was fading away, and their egoism was reinforced. Essentially, ―the new established capitalism and production mode in the 19th century was antipathetic with the conventional thought. Religion denied the human exclusive thing like love, desire, need and so on, making people wish to overthrow the old God which existed in human mind.‖ (袁丽敏, 2007: 25) ―McCullough has seen clearly the true color of modern religion, which is not so pure as preached, and is not so holy as before.‖ (Liu Han, 2005: 50) She sets the image of Ralph in this period.
As to Ralph, the worship of money and power is not only his lifelong pursuit, but also the nature of the mainstream of social culture as well as the conflict of humanity. Although he holds the belief of God, yet this is not merely a kind of religious belief. ―In fact, his love towards God adulterates with utilitarianism. What Ralph cares most is his reputation and privilege in the church‖ (张燕，2004: 70), which is in the price of missing his lifelong love. Owing to his ambition and hypocrisy, he loses himself when pursuing his dream and sacrifices the most precious happiness in his life.
3.2 The Vital Social Status and Original Sin of Christianity
Christianity …ruling class.‖ (王俊玲, 2001: 12) It was not only connected with social reality but also referred to personal spirit, and finally became the highest principles of the spirit pursuit and the value of life. The love for God had become a kind of spiritual reliance and a way to seek peace for soul. Many people pursued to become clergymen and serve God all their lives.
Meggie’s … so clear your eyes don’t see it. It’s back after the flame again, beating yourselves senseless until you burn yourselves dead.‖ (McCullough, 1977: 329)
3.3 Patriarchal Catholicism
In 1788, English transports arrived in Australia with their religion – Christianity. Being their spiritual prop, Christianity developed rapidly and became the primary belief of Australia. Catholicism was an important branch, full of patriarchal thoughts.
comparision 例文篇三：英语写作范文
英语写作范文（一）
范文（一）
Directions:
A. Title :What Will Happen If China Enters WTO?
B. Word Limit: about 200 words
C. Your composition should be based on the Outline given in Chinese below:
1. 每个中国人都盼望中国加入世界贸易组织。
2. a. 加入世贸组织，国家和人民都将大大受益； b. 加入世贸组织，也会带来一些不利影响，如国有企业将面临更大的挑战。
3. 对中国加入世贸组织感到欣喜之余，我们也应看到随之而来的一些挑战。
例文：
What Will Happen If China Enters WTO?
Every Chinese is looking forward to China's entry into WTO, widely seen as a blessing and a promise of prosperity. It seems to be so at first sight, however, on reflection, we're convinced that it's just another coin with two sides.
On the one hand, both the nation and people will benefit greatly from China's entry into WTO. Shut out of WTO, China Dosed to be deprived of equal trade opportunities and was placed at a distinct disadvantage in world trade. This situation will change if China enters WTO. In addition, foreign companies will stream into China and offer great job opportunities, which, in a sense, will relieve the unemployment problem. On the other hand, the entry will impose some negative effects on China. State-owned enterprises in China are undergoing great difficulties, which will be more acute with the flow of foreign competitors into China.
In short, excited about the advantages caused by the entry, we should not lose sight of the severe challenges posed by it.
范文（二）
Directions:
A. Title: Fast Food
B. Word Limit: about 200 words
C. Your composition should be based on the Outline given in Chinese blew:
1. 快餐在中国十分流行，它是现代快节奏社会的最佳反映。
2. a. 快餐受欢迎有两条原因： b. 然而，从营养角度来讲，快餐却差强人意。
3. 对快餐还是以偶尔品尝为宜。
例文
Fast Food
Fast food is becoming more popular in China, especially among children and teenagers. Today, it's certainly difficult to think of any other single thing that represents the fast pace of modern society as powerfully as fast food.
There are several reasons for its popularity. First, it is very convenient and saves a lot of time. The trends of modern society seem to all point to one ultimate goal —— saving time, and fast food well serves this purpose. You just go into a fast food restaurant, order your food, and your food is ready in no time. You can either eat it there or take it away. Second, its popularity is also attributed to the clean and comfortable
environment of fast food restaurants, the excellent service, and the guaranteed qualith of food.
However, in terms of nutrition, fast food is far from satisfactory. It usually does not compose a balanced diet and is low in nutritional value. Thus, doctors suggest that people, especially children, eat fast food as little as possible.
Although cooking at home is time — consuming and the following washing-up tiresome, it offers healthy and delicious meals your body likes and needs. Fast food is only a good choice when you are in a hurry and turn to it once in a while.
范文（三）
Direction:
A. Write an essay that conveys the information in the following cartoon accompanied by your comments.
B. Word Limit: about 200 words
C. Your eassy should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2
营生
祖上以打猎为生
爷爷以卖上等木材为生
父亲以卖劈柴和柴墩为生
儿子以卖根雕原料为生
孙子以卖黄沙为生
例文：
Preserving Natural Resources
Through the changes in the ways of making a living in a family over several generations, the cartoon aims at sounding a warning against man's wasteful use of natural resources and emphasizing the urgent need to preserve these resources.
Ever since man appeared on the earth, man's survival has been heavily relied on nature. Almost everything we use in our everyday life comes from nature, ranging from the food we eat, the water we drink, to the wood which is turned into furiture. With the development of technology and population growth, the amount and range of materials used has increased at an alarming rate. However, natural resources are not inexhaustible. Some reserves are already on the brink of exhaustion and there is no hope of replacing them. The widespread water shortage is an example in point. If man continued to squander natural resources with no thought for the future, the later generations would end up selling sand, as is the case in the cartoon, and the whole world would be in a mess.
Time is running out. It is up to us to take effective measures before the situation gets out of hand.
英语写作范文（二）
范文（四）
Directions:
A. Title: Only Stricter Traffic Laws Can Prevent Accidents
B. Word Limit: about 200 words
C、Your composition should be based on the Outline given in Chinese below:
1. 每天全世界都有成千上万的人死于交通事故。
2. a、开车的人越来越不注重自己的行为规范，公德意识越来越差。
b、整个社会对肇事者持纵容态度，交通的发展给城市和乡村带来很大影响。
3、制定交通法规遏止交通事故的发生。
例文：
Only Stricter Traffic Laws Can Prevent Accidents
Though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we cites the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly mutilated each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.
It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man's very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year olds and utterly selfish.
The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the motorist and seems to condone his behavior. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten.
It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate.
范文（五）
Directions:
A. Title: Parents Are Too Permissive With Their Children Nowadays
B. Word Limit: about 200 words
C. Your composition should be based on the Outline given in Chinese below:
1、孩子成为家庭的中心，父母日渐失去应有的权威。
2、父母对孩子的溺爱和忽视导致青少年犯罪。
3、孩子的生活过于安逸对他们日后的成长不利。
例文：
Parents Are Too Permissive With Their Children Nowadays
There are countless articles on child care in magazines and newspapers. With so much unsolicited advice flying about, mum and dad just don't know what to do any more. In the end, they do nothing at all. So, from early childhood, the kids are in charge and parents' lives are regulated according to the needs of their offspring. When the little dears develop into teenagers, they take complete control. Lax authority over the years makes adolescent rebellion against parents all the more violent. If the young people are going to have a party, for instance, parents are asked to leave the house. Their presence merely spoils the fun. What else can the poor parents do but obey?
Children are hardy creatures and most of them survive the harmful influence of extreme permissiveness which is the normal condition in the modern household. But a great many do not. The spread of juvenile delinquency in our own age is largely due to parental laxity. Mother, believing that little Johnny can look after himself, is not at home when he returns from school, so little Johnny roams the streets. The dividing-line between permissiveness and sheer negligence is very fine indeed.
The psychologists have much to answer for. They should keep their mouths shut and let parents get on with the job. And if children are knocked about a little bit in the process, it may not really matter too much. At least this will help them to develop vigorous views of their own and give them something positive to react against. Perhaps there's some truth in the idea that children who've had a surfeit of happiness in their childhood emerge like stodgy puddings and fail to make a success of life.
范文（六）
Directions A. Title: People Should Be Rewarded According To Ability, Or To Age And Experience B. Word Limit: about 200 words C. Your composition should be based on the Outline given in Chinese below: 1、年轻人进入社会要对论资排辈的现实。
2、社会上种种要素阻碍年轻人发展。
3、顾主应该正确看待一个人的能力，按其能力付给报酬。
例文：
People Should Be Rewarded According
To Ability, Or To Age And Experience
Young men and women join the hierarchy and take their place in the queue. They go to the very end of the queue and stay there no matter how brilliant they are. What they know is much less important than whom they know and how old they are. What they know is much less important than whom they know and how old they are. If they are able, their abilities will be acknowledged and rewarded in due course - that is , after twenty or thirty years have passed.
There seems to be a gigantic conspiracy against young people. While on the one hand society provides them with better educational facilies, on the other it does its best to exclude them from the jobs that really matter. There are exceptions. Of course. Some young people do manage to break through the barrier despite the restriction, but the great majority have to wait patiently for years before they can really give full rein to their abilities. This means that, in most fields, the views of young people are never heard because there is no one to represent them. President Kennedy was one of the notable exceptions. One of the most tragic aspects of his assassination is that mankind was deprived of a youthful leader.
Resentment is the cause of a great deal of bitterness. The young resent the old because they feel deprived of the good things life has to offer. The old resent the young because they are afraid of losing what they have. A man of fifty or so might say, 'Why should a young rascal straight out of school out of school earn more than I do? But if the young rascal is more able, more determined, harder-working than his middle-aged critic, why shouldn't he? Employers should recognize ability and reward it justly. This would remove one of the biggest causes of friction between old and young and ultimately it would lead to a better society
英语写作范文（三）
范文（七）
Directions：
A．Title: Globle shortage of Fresh Water
B．Time Limit：40 minutes
C．Word Limit：150 words
Your composition should be based on the Outline given in Chinese below：
1．人们认为淡水是取之不尽的（提示：雨水，河水，井水）
2．实际上淡水是短缺的（提示：人口增加，工业用水增加，污染严重）
3．我们应当怎么办（提示：节约用水，开发新水源）
例文：
Global Shortage of Fresh Water
People often think that water will never be used up． There is plenty of water，such as rain, water from the rivers and wells． It seems as if water is always available around us and we never have to worry about water shortage．
In fact water Is rather limited on the earth． With the rapid increase of population and fast de development of industries，water is more needed than before．At the same time， a large amount of water has been polluted and wasted every day． Some big cities in China are facing the problem of water shortage already．There，water supply is controlled and industry has been restrained．
What should we do about the water shortage？ I think， first，the people should be made aware of the real situation about the water． Everyone should consciously save on Water and certain law should be made that no water will be polluted．We have to protect the existing water resources and develop new ones．In this way I believe that our cities will not be thirsty for water in the future．
范文（八）
Directions：
请按题目：Advantage of a Five-Day week（五天工作日的优点）写出150个字的短文，并包括下列内容：
1．对家庭的好处
2．对社会的好处
3．对个人的好处
例文：
Advantages of a five—Day week
A five－day week has been put into practice in China， which is welcomed by every-one. It is obvious that a five－day week has brought about many advantages to the society and people． First，families have benefited from it very much． They have more time to spend together or go for an outing during the weekend．Children are able to learn usefull skills，women have enough time to take care of the house，go shopping or relax．
Second，society has also benefited from it．As PeoPle have two days off，they would like to go shopping or travelling，wlllch can promote the commerce and tourism． Then the shops and travel agency will have more customers．
Third，individuals have also enjoyed the benefit from the five－day week，because they nave more time for whatever they are Interested In during the weekend． For examPle，one likes stamp collection，he will have enougll time to enjoy It．What’s more，Individuals can make full use of a weekend for a good rest．Adequate rest will enable him to work more efficiently．
In a word， a five－day week Is beneficial to the society， families and individuals。
范文（九）
comparision 例文篇四：剑桥雅思作文真题集
剑桥雅思作文真题集
TASK 1
题型1——line
1. 剑3 TEST4
The graph blew shows the unemployment rates in the US and Japan between March 1993 and March 1999.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown blow.
范文：
According to the results of the labor-force research published recently, the following conclusions can be drawn from it.
In March , 1993.United Stats had seven percent of their workforce which might not seen disastrous until compared with Japan, where 2.5% were unemployed. However, the unemployment rate in United States began declining slowly since March 1993,and reached 5% mark in the middle of 1996. Japan turned out to be less lucky, as their unemployment rate doubled in three years. From then on, the percentage of unemployed workforce in United States remained roughly the same-about 5% until March 99, although there were minor falls and rises in the unemployment rate.
As for Japan, the percentage of unemployment fell rapidly by 0.5-0.6% after March 1996, but from summer 1996 and onwards it grew steadily and without any falls tot reach 5.0% boundary in March 1999.
The major conclusion that I’ve drawn using the graph, is that number of unemployed in USA decreased by about 2.0% in the course of six years, while in Japan it actually increased by 2.5%. As a result, in March 99, both Japan and US had about 5% of their work force unemployed.
2.剑5 TEST1
The graph blew shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make
comparison where relevant.
范文：
The graph shows the increase in the ageing population in Japan, Sweden and the USA. It indicates that the porcentage of elderly people in all three countries is expected to increase to almost 25% of the respective populations by the year 2040.
In 1940 the proportion of people aged 65 or more atood at only 5% in Japan, approximately 7% in Sweden and 9% in the US. However, while the figures for the Western countries grew to about 15% in around 1990,the figure for Japan dippped to only 2.5% for much of this period, before rising to almost 5% again at the present time.
In spite of some fluctuation in the expected percentages, the proportion of older people will probably continue to increase in the next two decades in the three countries. A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan, by which time it is thought that the proportion of elderly people will be simliar in the three countries.
3.剑6 TEST1
The graph and table below give information about water use worldwild and water consumption in two different countries.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparison where relevant.
范文：
The graph shows how the amount of water used worldwide changed between 1900 and 2000.
Throughout the century, The largest quantity of the global water used for agricultural purpose and this increased dramatically from about 500 km³ to around 3000 km³ in the year 2000.Water used in the industrial and domestic sectors also increased, but consumption was minimal until mid-century. From 1950 onwards, industrial use grew steadily to just over 1000 km³, while domestic use rose more slowly to only 300 km³， both far below the levels of consumption by agriculture.
The table illustrates the differences in agricultural consumption in some areas of the world by contrasting the amount of irrigated land in Brazil(26500㎞²)with that in the D.R.C(100㎞²). This means that a huge amount of water is used in agriculture in Brazil, and this is reflected in the figures for water consumption per person:359 m³ compared with only 8 m³ in the Congo. With a population of 176 million,the figures for Brazil indicate how high agricultural water consumption can be in some countries.
3.剑7 TEST2
The pargh below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in European country between 1979 and 2004.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparison where relevant.
范文：
The graph illustrates changes in the amounts of beef, lamp, chicken, and, fish consumed in a particular European country between 1979 and 2004.
In 1979 beef was by far the most popular of these foods, with about 225 grams consumed per person per week. Lamp and chicken were eaten in similar quantities(around 150 grams), while much less fish was consumed(just over 50 grams) However ,during this 25-year peiod the consumption of beef and lamp fell dramatically to approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively.The consumption of fish also declined, but much less significantly to just below 50 grams, so although it remained the least popular food, consumption levels to were the stable.
The consumption of chicken, in the other hand, showed an upward trend, overtaking that of lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989. By 2004 it had soared to almost 250 grams per person per week.
Overall, the graph shows the consumption of chicken uncreased drammatically while the popularity of these other foods decreased over the period.
4.剑8 TEST 4
The graph below shows the quantities of goods transport in the UK between 1974 and 2002 by four different modes of transport.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisions where ralevant.
范文：
The graph illustrates the quantities of goods transported in the United kingdom by four different modes of transport between the time period of 1974 and 2002. Over this span of 28 years, the quantities of goods transported by road, water and pipeline have all increased while the quantities transported by rail has remained almost constrant at about 40 million tonnes.
The largest quantities of goods transported both in 1997 and 2002 was by road(70 million tonnes and 98 million tonnes respectively) while the lowest both in 1974 and 2002 was bi pipeline(about 5 million tonnes and 22 million tonnes respectively). The amount of goods transported by water was constant from 1974 to 1978, where it plateaued for about 20 years before starting to rise gradually again.
The amount of goods transported by rail is almost constant at 40 million tonnes in 1974 and 2002, with decreases in quantity in between the years. It is also interesting to note that almost all showed a decrease in 1994 in amount of goods transported except for the pipeline, which actually peaked in that year.
In conclusion the road remains the most popular method of transporting goods in the UK while water and pipelines are becoming increasingly used, have not become more popular aws a method of transport.
5.剑4 TEST2
The graph blew shows the demand electricity in Engliand during typical days in winter and summer.The pie chart shows how electricity is used in an average English home.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisions where ralevant.
comparision 例文篇五：小作文
雅思作文
TASK 1
The pargh below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in European country between 1979 and 2004.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparison where relevant.
范文：
The graph illustrates changes in the amounts of beef, lamp, chicken, and, fish consumed in a particular European country between 1979 and 2004.
In 1979 beef was by far the most popular of these foods, with about 225 grams consumed per person per week. Lamp and chicken were eaten in similar quantities(around 150 grams), while much less fish was consumed(just over 50 grams) However ,during this 25-year peiod the consumption of beef and lamp fell dramatically to approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively.The consumption of fish also declined, but much less significantly to just below 50 grams, so although it remained the least popular food, consumption levels to were the stable.
The consumption of chicken, in the other hand, showed an upward trend, overtaking that of lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989. By 2004 it had soared to almost 250 grams per person per week.
Overall, the graph shows the consumption of chicken uncreased drammatically while the popularity of these other foods decreased over the period.
剑8 TEST 4
The graph below shows the quantities of goods transport in the UK between 1974 and 2002 by four different modes of transport.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisions where ralevant.
范文：
The graph illustrates the quantities of goods transported in the United kingdom by four different modes of transport between the time period of 1974 and 2002. Over this span of 28 years, the quantities of goods transported by road, water and pipeline have all increased while the quantities transported by rail has remained almost constrant at about 40 million tonnes.
The largest quantities of goods transported both in 1997 and 2002 was by road(70 million tonnes and 98 million tonnes respectively) while the lowest both in 1974 and 2002 was bi pipeline(about 5 million tonnes and 22 million tonnes respectively). The amount of goods transported by water was constant from 1974 to 1978, where it plateaued for about 20 years before starting to rise gradually again.
The amount of goods transported by rail is almost constant at 40 million tonnes in 1974 and 2002, with decreases in quantity in between the years. It is also interesting to note that almost all showed a decrease in 1994 in amount of goods transported except for the pipeline, which actually peaked in that year.
In conclusion the road remains the most popular method of transporting goods in the UK while water and pipelines are becoming increasingly used, have not become more popular aws a method of transport.
题型2———pie
剑8 TEST2
The three pie charts below show the changes in annual spending by a particular UK school in 1981,1991,and 2001.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
范文：
The charts show how much a UK school apent on different running costs in three aeparate years:1981,1991 and 2001.
In all three years, the greatest expenditure was on staff salaries. But while other workers’ salaries saw a fall from 28% in 1981 to only 15% of spending in 2001, teachers; pay remained the biggest cost, reaching 50% of total spending in 1991 and ending at 45% in 2001.
Expenditure on resources such as books had increased to 20% by 1991 before decreasing to only 9% by the end of the period. In contrast, the cost of furniture and equipment saw an oppsite trend. This cost decreased to only 5% of total expenditure in 1991 but rose dramatically in 2001 when it represented 23% of the school budget. Similarly, the cost of insurance saw a rising trend, growing from only 2% to 8% by 2001.
Overall, teachers’ salaries constitutes the largest cost to the school, and while spending increased dramatically for equipment and in surance, there were corresponding drops on expenfiture on things such as books and on other workers’ salsaries.
题型3——table
剑7 TEST1
The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in five different countries in 2002.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make
comparison where relevant.
范文：
The following table indicates some information on consumer spending on different items in five different countries in 2002.
It can be noticed from the table that most of the national consumer expenditure went into food, drinks or tobacco, followed by clothing or footwear, while cost for leisure or education occupied the smallest proportion among them. Besides it also shows that food, drinks as well as tobacco were more popular in Turkey than in other countries. It took 32.14% of all spending, twice that in Sweden.
But in the area of clothing or footwear, Turkey just ranked the second with only 6.63%, quite far from that in Italy. Meanwhile, compared with other countries, people in Sweden still had the least appetite for buying clothing or footwear. As to leisure or education, it is obvious to find that Turkey again had the highest percentage of expenditure among those five countries, whereas in Spain only 1.98% had gone into this area.
Therefore, it can be concluded that a large part of consumers preferred to spend more money on food or likewise other than clothing or leisure. But the specific distribution of spending on these items varies a lot in different countries.
剑四
TEST ONE WRITING TASK ONE
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualifications in Australia and the proportion of men and women who held them in 1999.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.
The chart gives information about post-school qualifications in terms of the different levels of further education reached by men and women in Australia in 1999. We can see immediately that there were substantial difference in the proportion of men and women at different levels. The biggest gender difference is at the lowest post-school level, where 90% of those who held a skilled vocational diploma were men, compared with only 10% of women. By contrast, more women held undergraduate diplomas(70%) and marginally more women reached degree level(55%).
At the higher levels of education, men with postgraduate diplomas clearly outnumbered their female counterpart (70% and 30%, respectively), and also constituted 60% of Master’s graduates.
Thus we can see that more men than women hold qualifications at the lower and higher levels of education, while more women reach undergraduate diploma level than men. The gender difference is smallest at the level of Bachelor’s degree, however.
comparision 例文篇六：四级写作练习及范文
Test 1
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of courage and confidence when facing difficulties. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
图
范文：
Courage and Confidence Are Key to Overcoming Difficulties
As is illustrated in the picture, a girl is punching at a spring, which symbolizes difficulty. And the line above reads: difficulties are like spring; when you are weak and scared of them, they will become stronger. Personally, I quite agree with the idea conveyed in the picture that if you face difficulties with courage and confidence, you will conquer them.
As we all know, difficulties are inevitable in our life. So it is important to take right attitudes when facing difficulties. What we should do is facing up to difficulties with courage and confidence and trying our best to solve the problems. Only in this way can we achieve the final success.
In a word, confront difficulties with courage and confidence and you will find that difficulties are not as strong and intimidating as they appear to be. The right attitude towards difficulties is a sure way to success.
Test 2
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Compulsory Chinese Course in Universities. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
1. 大学语文课被越来越多的学校列为必修科目
2. 这样做的原因
3. 在我看来……
范文：
On Compulsory Chinese Course in Universities
In recent years, Chinese has been designed as a compulsory course by more and more universities and colleges, which is welcomed by students. The reasons behind this phenomenon can be illustrated as follows.
For one thing, since many college students don’t learn Chinese course any more, it becomes difficult for them to write a well-designed article without wrongly written and misspelled characters. It is an alarming phenomenon since Chinese is our mother tongue and our primary tool of communication. Without good use of Chinese, it would be hard for us to learn other languages and professional knowledge well. For another, the society is in great demand for all-around people. If one has a good command of Chinese, he will have an advantage over other students when hunting for a job.
As for me, I think it is necessary for us to take Chinese as a compulsory course in colleges. I am sure it can benefit us for a life time.
Test 3
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Is Offering Seats Compulsory for Young Bus Riders? You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
1. 近来，有关公交车上年轻乘客是否有义务让座的话题引起人们热议
2. 有人表示赞成，也有人表示反对
3. 我的观点
范文：
Is Offering Seats Compulsory for Young Bus Riders?
These days, whether it should become compulsory for young bus riders to conduct good deeds on bus, like giving up seats to needy people, has become a topic of debate.
Some people believe it is just basic good manners for young people to offer their seats to the elderly, the pregnant and the so-called “weak” groups. It is nothing but maintenance of high moral standards. On the contrary, other people say young people pay the same fare as other riders, and therefore have no obligation to give up their seats. It is in nature a moral rather than a legal issue.
For my part, I think such good deeds as giving up seats to needy people is truly necessary, but the precondition is that one does this out of true willingness. Only when good deeds are based on good will are the good deeds meaningful.
Test 4
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the purpose of learning. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
范文：
On the Purpose of Learning
As is vividly revealed in the picture above, a person is showing self-satisfaction that: “I have learned a lot of skills to fly.” While a bird is flying in the sky to despise him with the practical action. It is universally acknowledged that we learn knowledge on the purpose to be a doer without being confined to the rigid frames.
Admittedly, knowledge is surely important, but practice matters the most. It is useless to put full heart into study while turning a deaf ear to the practice. We should combine theory and practice together, which can make you learn more efficiently and be competent for the future work. Take learning English for example, if we only study many grammar rules and accumulate skills to get a high point in the English exam, we are merely a pedant for nothing. It is wise to join English corner and practice a lot.
In one word, the development of society has put forward the new requirement for us---we must be fully equipped with true skills to be a doer.
Test 5
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the true friendship. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
范文：
A Friend in Need Is a Friend Indeed
As is vividly revealed in the picture above, there are two people in the picture keeping the rain off their heads. The picture reminds us of an old Chinese saying---A friend in need is a friend indeed.
We all need real friendship. But what is real friendship? It means that friends can help you when you are in trouble. True friends will not leave you alone no matter what you have encountered. They intend to share both your happiness and sadness. A friend should be a person whom you trust and understand, who tastes happiness and bitterness with you, who give you confidence and encouragement.
In one word, I believe true friendship will not change through time, and we should treasure the real friendship. Only by having a true friend can we not be lonely on the long road of life.
Test 6
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of having a clear target. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
范文：
Having a Clear Goal Is Key to Success
The picture depicts a person who wants to chase after two rabbits at the same time. Clearly, the symbolic meaning subtly conveyed in the picture is that if a person pursues more than one goal simultaneously, he or she will be very likely to accomplish nothing in the end.
Having a clear goal is necessary when you set your mind to make success, because only when you are target-oriented can you make a plan to achieve the goal accordingly and know how much you progress on a daily basis. On the contrary, if you are half-hearted when doing things, you will end up with getting nothing.
To sum up, for college students, in order to achieve success, it is essential for them to set a clear and definite goal before taking other steps.
Test 7
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Roll-Call System on Campus by commenting the saying, “Better late than never.” You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
范文：
Roll-Call System on Campus
As the old saying goes, “better late than never”, which means that it is better to do something late than not do it at all. In some universities, roll-call system has been commonly adopted by college teachers to check students’ attendance. For teachers, it functions as a factor to judge students; for students, it serves as a supervisory tool.
Nowadays, when asked about the roll-call system, students’ opinions differ. Some students hold that it is of great importance for both teachers and students, for it will help the former to discipline their students and the latter to obey the rule. Sometimes, it may even work as the determinate factor to judge one student. On the contrary, other students argue that the roll-call system is now no more than a form, which cannot reach its intended meaning; in addition, it has been taken advantage of many naughty students by asking some others to reply in roll-call.
comparision 例文篇七：英语 科技 论文 word 范文
XXX
英语科技论文
姓名：xxx
学号：xxxx
班级：xxx
2013年6月19日
Evaluation of the article entitled “Land-use Chang and
Ecological Footprint Analysis of Harbin City”
xxx
School of control and mechanical Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, China,
300384, e-mail address)
Abstract: The academic writing style of the article entitled “land-use chang and ecological footprint analysis of Harbin city” was evaluated. It was written in good academic writing style. The introduction, methods, results, discussion and conclusion were all perfectly written. Keywords: Academic writing style, evaluation, article
Introduction
The article entitled “land-use chang and ecological footprint analysis of Harbin city” contains 11 main sections in the following order: title, authors and address, abstract, keywords, introduction, methods, results, discussion, conclusion, acknowledgements and references.
Results
1. Academic writing style: The writing of this article is consistent with academic writing styles with correct use of contractions, abbreviations, follow-on phrase, and capital letters.
2. Introduction:
As good saying goes, “well begun is a half done.” Best introduction contains a academic background, which shows information about your research and hypothesis, and comments on prervious research which are described in a present perfect article . What’s more , the most important is that expression to the aim of author .In this academic articles , At first the author describe the background of international and demonstic economist research . Second , the author comment on the Human-land contradictory in Harbin , shows the importance to investing ate and research the Harbin Land-use change in recent years. Third the author aims to promote the sustainable utiliation . so the introduction is a good introduction.
3. Methods:
In this method section the author illustrate the Harbin enomrous compared with 1996 with many data in this section to describle the Harbin present situation , such as the acctirated land area had come down obviously , and the pasture land was decreasing last year . and the woodland area expanded . At the end of this section , the author describle the influence of structure changes in Land-use impact on the ecougical euiorment . In this methods setion many calculations are used to testified the resource consumption . It is a pity that it was not the purpose of the purpose of the procedure ,if it has the procedural description it contains be a perfect methods . in this methods , Although it contains the contouring processing , it was not the processing of the Ecological footprint Analysis of the Harbin. The sum of eological productive area of the land that a region could offer to human beings was called the region's ecological carrying capacity
4. Discussion:
A good discussion should contain six parts ,the parts as follows the restatement of the
hypothesis . In this periodical the restatement of the hypothesis is that the selection of food consumption in Harbin calculated the ecological foot print of the cultivated laced grassland . woodland and water .the author quoted the data from “statistical Yearbook of Harbin” from 1996 to 2006,but in this section , the author hadn’t write the overview of the finds , He only to made a table 3 to explanation and comparison the ecology trail results of Harbin in 1996 ,2001and 2006 , It showed that human load had exceeded its ecological capacity ,and the development mode was under an unsustainable stage. From this results and analysis table , the author get result was that Harbin city was in the development of the relatively unsustainable state acrrently . last but not least he analysis the result though three main point . and the main reason for the grouth of ecological footprint in Harbin was as follows . Firstly , the area arable loud turning into the construction was larger . Secondly , the grouth pattern lag behind , the ability of independ innovation was poor , the efficiency of resurce and the sustainable development of the capacity were low .Thirdly , the urban-rural dual structure was distinguished , the country economic development lagged behind , the three Rural Issues was more promiuent . As to the result the author give a detailed analysis , he didn’t give a limitation of your research . and implications of his findings for the future research . so ,the analysis of this periodical isn’t a perfect thesis part.
5. Conclusion
In this paper，the analysis of the ecological footprint in Harbin in ten years showed that the ecological footprint per capital was of rising trend,and the in Harbin from 1996 to 2006 showed that the ecological footprint per capita was of rising trend in Harbin, but the ecological carrying capacity per capita was in the reduction, so all the things which indicated that the land-usesituation in Harbin overload the state .At the beginning with the author stated a ecological footprint model which is based on the continuous dependence on the land for the sustainable development of quantitative measurement .
The thesis paper is aimed to promote national economic and social information , and warned us to use the land-us reasonable , to optivnize land use structure and urban lag out and we should take measures to implement the basic national policy of resource conservation and environment protection and accerlerate the building of co-city.
In this section , There are four point to recommendation to the sustainable land-use ,At the end of the conclusion , the author repeated the purpose of the article that he want to promote the economical growth mode from extensive to intensive changes in the achievement of conservation development, clean development, secure development, and enhance the sustainable development.
Discussion
In this thesis paper , at first ,title in the beginning of the article the author put forward to appraisaling the land-use change degree of urban land objectively, analyzing the reasons, and proposing the countermeasures have important meanings to promote land sustainable development at the beginning of this pager. Then the author summarize the findings what he thought, the article analyzed the dynamic change of land-use ecological footprint in Harbin City from 1996 to 2006. The author used a lot of charts and examples to illustrate his point of view what is worthy of learning. It is a pity that the author didn't write the limitathion of his reaserch and implication of his findings for future research. At last, reasonable land-use proposals were proposed.
In generally, Although this paper do not conform to the requirements of the writing, if it has
the comparision of his reaserch to other studies,it will be a a well a English scientific paper,
What a pity that!
Conclusion
After reading the full article ,I learnt that the article took recent years Harbin land—use as a breakthrough point , With the development of the economy and the society, the more people get the resources from our land ,the less resources become shorted. In this thesis although the author was aimed to promote the economical growth mode from extensive to intensive changes in the achievement of conservation development, clean development, secure development, and enhance the sustainable development. Although the measurement of ecological footprint to assess the social impact and the extent of sustainable land-use. The results showed that the per capita ecological footprint in Harbin had increased year by year, while the per capita ecological carrying capacity had decreased, the per capita ecological deficit was increasing, and land-use in Harbin City was in an overload status. So from the article process what the author analysised , we could get the conclusion that this article is a good English scientific thesis which meet the requirements of scientific paper writing.
Acknowledgement
The author would like to thank Mr Liu H L, Huang for analysising of arable land ecological footprint in Hubei ProvinceHarbin Statistics Bureau,taking a new road to industrialization; develop circular economy.
Reference
[1] Wackernagel M, Lewan L, Hansson C B. Evaluating the use of natural capital with the ecological foot-print [J]. Applications in Sweden and Subregions, Am-bio, 1999, 28: 604-612.
[2] Xie H Y, Wang L L, Chen X S, et al. Ecological footprint evaluation and application of model [M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2008: 1-6.
[3] Yu W J, Wu C F. Study on Guiyang's ecological footprint and sustainability of land use [J]. Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University of Science and Technology, 2005(7): 131-136.
[4] Long A H, Zhang Z Q, Su Z Y. Evaluation of ecological footprint and the forefront of international research [J]. Progress in Earth Science, 2004, 19(6): 971-981.
comparision 例文篇八：六级作文
六级作文：
一、作文要求。
出题方式：命题作文，看图画或图表作文，根据所给文章(英文或中文)写出文章摘要或大意，给出关键词作文等。其中命题作文一般为提纲式，即给出提纲。可以用VIP来概括要求： P：practice，平时练习很重要，至少要包括10篇比较典型的作文例文;I：input，写作与听，读，说密切相连，能在其中积累素材;V：vary，即flexible，思维要灵活开阔。
作文涉及内容：A关于某人的信息，例如生活方面的;B常见的社会，文化话题。不涉及知识面过广，专业性太强的内容。
时间分配：A，审题，列提纲，5分钟;B，写作文，20分钟;C，改错误，5分钟。
写作时注意：先主后次，纲举目张，字迹清楚。文章分为三段为最佳，每段的形式为：Topic Sentence+Supportina Ideas。而且要注意使用连接词，加强上下文的联系。
常见作文错误：1，词性;2，单复数一致;3，冠词错误;4，代词一致;5，时态一致。
高分作文具备条件：A，用词的准确化;B，句式的多样化。
平时注意收集好的词组类型：1)动词+名词：acquire knowledge，commit a crim;
2)形容词+名词： a sharp increase;dramatic increase;
3)动词+大副词：shake violently;
4)动词+ 介词 /小副词：break through。
二、作文题型：
1，正反阐释题。对应题目：95年6月Should Firecrackers Be Banned?，96.1.Why I Take College English Test Band 6?，97.6.My View on job-hopping，98.6.Do "Lucky Numbers"Really Bring Good Luck?，
99.6.Reading Selectively or Extensively?，00.6.Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?;
2，阐释原因，方法，描述危害题。对应：98.1.My View on Fake
Commodities，99.1.Dont Hesitate to say "No"，00.1.How I Finance My College Education，03.1.It Pays to Be Honest;
3，永恒话题。对应：97.1.Haste Makes Waste;
4，图表题。对应：91.6.，92.1.，96.6.，02.6.;
5，书信题。对应01.6.，02.1.。
三、技巧。
1)正反阐释题。大多数这一类型的题目一般都会给出提纲，且一般为3部分，第1为某一种观点，第2为与之相反的观点，第3为"我的看法"。若题目明确给出三部分，则写作时就要注意一定分为三段。若给出两部分，则可以适当做调整，写两段或者自己添加一段为三段文章。
例如：99.6.题目的提纲为：1，有些人分为读书要有选择;2，有些人认为应当博览群书;3，我的看法。
则可以按其要求分为三段;而98.6.提纲为：1，有些人认为某些数字会带来好运;2，我认为数字和运气无关……。可以按提纲所列条目写，也可以再加一段内容为"有些人认为数字和运气无关"，而"我"则同意这一观点。
注意：A作文中有可能要求写出原因如97.6.题，则一定要写出原因，若只描述问题而缺少原因则属于偏题，分数自然降低。如果没有明确要求也可补充，增加内容。B一般第3部分"我的看法"中，可以赞同某一种观点反对另一种，也可以结合两者优点，或持中庸态度等，作出结论。
常用句型：起：When asked about / it comes to…，many people claim/ believe/ argue/ say that…
There is a general/ public/ heated/ much discussion / debate taday about…
There is much disagreement / are some controversies over…转：Others，however，think differently.
As opposed to these widely-held views，someone argues that… Despite the popular belief that…，a current survey indicates that…
2)阐释原因，方法，描述危害题。这一类型多为社会问题及现象。提纲一般也分为2~3部分，而相应地，写作时也要明确三部分：1，提出问题;2，分析问题;3，解决问题。 在"提出"中，主要描述所要说的问题;"分析"要分析问题所在或阐述出现这种问题的原因;"解决"中提出解决的方法。
例如：98.1.题纲：1，假冒伪劣商品的危害;2，怎样杜绝假冒伪劣商品。可以在第1段提出假冒伪劣商品这种现象描述其危害，在第2段可以阐述其出现的原因，第3段提出解决问题的办法。再如00.1.提纲：1，上大学的费用可以通过多种途径解决;2，哪种途径适合我(说明理由)。则可在首段简要提出上学费用对于我们学生是一个不小的问题，然后阐述解决费用的途径，最后说明自己的方法并说明原因。
常用句型：
起：Recently，there has been a widespread concern / feeling / belief / attitude that…
Now it is widely / commonly/ generally thought/ believed/hold that…
Now people in increasing number are beginning / coming to realize/ accept/ understand that…
承：The opinion may be supported by the following facts. 合：It is hoped / suggested / recommended that…
It is high time that we put and end to the…/ take measures to …
3)永恒话题。97.1.题目出了一句谚语Haste Makes Waste，类似的还可以有Practice Makes Perfect，Where There's a Will There's a Way，Unity Means Strength，God Helps Those Who Help Themselves等。对于这一类的题目也要把握三点：1，解释含义;2，举例说明;3，总结发挥。前两点可以作为前两段，最后可以根据自己的心得体会总结，比如我们应该怎样避免或怎样去做等。
常用句型：举例：History abounds with the example of…
I can think of no better illuestration of the point / view than the fact that…/example of…
总结发挥：Both history and common sense suggest that…
All these examples goes to show / point to the fact / piles up to show that…
comparision 例文篇九：国家级创新项目申报范文
江苏省高等学校
大学生实践创新训练计划项目申报表
推荐学校： 项目名称： 项目类型： 所属一级学科名称： 项目负责人： 联系电话： 指导教师： 联系电话： 申报日期：
（盖章）
■ 重点项目
□ 一般项目
江苏省教育厅 制 二○一二年五月
1
2
3
4
5
comparision 例文篇十：BEC Higher作文
Line Charts
(1) <Comparision of Performance of Huaxun Telecom and Huatong Talecom Shares> The issue price of shares in Huaxun Telecom was US $6 in late 2003. The price then rose, but fell dramatically at the end of 2004. Prices recovered slightly in 2005, but were still below the issue price. They fell again and recovered to reach the issue price in the late 2005 when company was bought back. The issue price of shares in Huatong Telecom was just over US$ 5 in January 2000. Despite a couple of falls, the price rose steadily throughout the period between 2000 and 2005 and never fell below the issue price. The buy-back in mid-2005 was almost four times the issue price. Looking at the general trend, Huatong Telecom shares perfermed much well than Huaxun Telecom between the issue date and buy-back date.
（2）This report describes the movements of the balance of trade between 1991and 2001，for a particular country, concerning manufacturing an agriculture. <Manufacturing> Imports increased constantly during this period. The figure showed a rise of $4bn within the whole period and no fluctuations are to be remarked. Exports rose from nearly $3bn in 1991 to approximately $7bn in 2001, suffering minor fluctuations all the way through. In general, the balance of trade remained slightly positive through the period considered. <Agriculture> Imports increased slightly , ending the period around $1bn over their starting level. They suffered a temporary fall between 1992 and 1994, followed by a steady recovery . after peaking at around $2.5bn in 1999, imports fell slightly to their final value. Exports figures showed the same performance although at level $2.5bn higher than imports. Consequently, the balance of trade remained markedly positive throughout the period.
Pie Charts
(1)<Channels of Distribution of our Products for 2004 and 2005> The two pie charts show the proportion of the three main types shops, which sold our products in 2004 and 2005. In 2004,48.1% of our products were sold by large supermarkets/hypermarkets, 46.5% by small, family-run shops, and 5.4% through other outlets. In 2005, the supermarket/hypermarket share increased by some 11% to 59.6%, the small, family-run shops share decrease by just over 11% to 35.3% and the other outlets held more or less steady, with a drop in share of only 0.3%. Looking at the general picture, the figures show that the large supermarkets/hypermarkets are taking more of our goods than our other retail customers and their sales represent well over 50% of our total sales. 告诉了具体的百分比
Bar Charts
(1)<Day by Day: the shoppers’ Week> In 2000, of the weekly retail sales in Beijing, 8% was made on Monday, and 12% on Tuesday. The sales stood at 12 or 13% on Wednesday and Thursday, and then jumped to 20% on Friday, and further to 22% on Saturday, and then sharply dropped to 4% on Sunday. The sales et weekend accounted for 26% of the weekly quantity. In 2006, the retailers made 7% of the weekly sales on Monday. The daily sales increased steadily to 19% on Friday, and slid a little bit to 17% on Saturday and slightly dropped to 16% on Sunday. The sales at weekends made up 33% of the weekly quantity. In conclusion, the percentage of weekend spending in Beijing rose by 7% between 2000 and 2006. The change shows that consumers are likely to spend more at weekends. 没有告诉具体百分比
（2）<Report on Sales Forecasts for Toller Electrical Ltd> The aim of this report is to compare the sales forecasts for three products areas for next year. Unit sales of fridges are likely to remain at 5,000 during all four quarters of next year. TV sales, on the other hand, will significantly increase during the second quarter from 10,000 to 15,000. Unit sales will remain 15,000 during the third quarter and soar once again to 20,000 during the fourth quarter. Unit sales of cookers, however, are likely to fluctuate, starting off at 5,000, sales will increase to 10,000 during the second and third quarter of next year, only to decrease to 5,000 unit sales during the fourth quarter. It was concluded that TVs will be Toller Electrical Ltd’s strongest product area in the following year.
(3) The report analyses the numbers of male and female managers in different age groups in Star World. The company employs almost an equal number of executives of both sexes. However, there are remarkable difference depending on the age range considered. Female executives dominate in the age group between 24 and 39, where the ratio is 42 to just 10, the first representing the number of women and letter-men. Nevertheless, in the age range above 40 male executives are in majority. Although in group 40 to 49 the split is slight(29 male executives to 28 female), amongst older managers men starkly dominate. The difference reaches 20 in range 50 to 59, with 39 male directors and 19 female directors. It decreases half in group 60 to 69, where 10 women hold top position in comparison to 21 men. Yet in the last age group, 70 to 79, female executives are absent. It solely consists of 4 male managers. 告诉了具体数字
(4)Report: Changes in Supatrain’s reliability, punctuality and number of complaints. The study of train’s reliability ,punctuality and number of complaints has covered the time span twelve weeks divided further into three sub-periods. In regards to trains’ reliability there was slightly increase in the second period, reaching the level of 100 percent. This high score has remained for the rest of periods studies. Conversely, in terms of punctuality, after recording high score of 95 percent in the first period，it declined steadily in two subsequent periods. Number of complaints per 100,000 passenger journeys had reached the level of 200 in the first 4 weeks studied. In the following period it had slightly plummeted. During the last 4 weeks of the study number of complaints rose sharply, peaking at level around 225. To conclude it is clear that increased number of complaints recorded in the last period, could be caused by constantly decreased punctuality of trains. 俩个表 第一个前俩个一起
(5)<Report: Cruseline Train Company> The graph shows the passenger revenue and the percentage of trains arriving on time during the years 2005 and 2006 of a train company called Cruiseline. Regarding then passenger revenue during 2005 it started around $28 in the first quarter, increased slowly to $300 in the third quarter and then fell to around $290 at the end of the year. In 2006 the revenue increased steadily to $330 during the second quarter before falling rapidly to around $230 in the third quarter ending at $225 at the end of 2006. The percentage of trains arriving on time stayed stable at around 88% during the first and second quarter in 2005, then decreased to 85% in the third quarter before recovering at around 87% at the end of 2005. Till the second quarter in 2006 the percentage decreased steadily to 85% before falling rapidly to 68%(third quarter) and recovering to 75% at the end of 2006.
(6) This report describes the movement of the balance of the trade between 1991 and 2001, for particular country concerning manufacturing and agriculture. <Manufacturing> Imports increased constantly during this period. The figure shows a rise of $ 4bn within the whole period and no fluctuations are to be remarked. Exports rose from nearly $3bn in 1991 to approximately $7bn in 2001, suffering minor fluctuations all the way through. In general, the balance of trade remained slightly positive through the period considered. <agriculture> Imports increased slightly, ending the period around $1bn over their starting level. They suffered a temporary fall between 1992 and 1994, followed by a steady recovery. After peaking at around $2.5bn in 1991, imports fell slightly to their final value. Exports figure shows the same performance although at level $4bn higher than imports. Consequently, the balance of trade remained markedly positive throughout the period.