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悦耳悦目,现场见效
——漫谈涉外活动诗词佳句汉英翻译的现场效果
吴伟雄(云浮市外事侨务局,广东省云浮市行政中心,527300)
[内容提要]本文根据“翻译的目的不同,读者的对象不同,翻译所遵循的标准和运用的方法应有所不同”的原则以及著名诗人和诗词翻译家的诗论和译诗理论,结合作者的翻译实践,认为:涉外活动中诗词佳句的汉英翻译,在忠实于原文的基础上,必须使译品产生感染力强的“现场效果”;为此,则要使译品产生使人喜闻的“悦耳效果”、使人乐见的“悦目效果”、使人意会的“意似效果”或使人神会的“神似效果”。在涉外工作的现场交流中,诗词佳句的汉英翻译,不但必须要做,而且可以逐步提高质量,译出比较满意的诗文来。
[关键词] 译诗理论; 翻译实践;涉外活动;现场效果;悦耳;悦目;意似;神似
写诗不易,译诗更难。在涉外工作的现场交流活动中,诗词佳句的英译,却不能回避。郭建中教授在陈刚《西湖诗赞》的《序》中说:“译诗之难,尽人皆知;其中译古诗尤难。但是,翻译的目的不同,读者的对象不同,翻译所遵循的标准和运用的方法应有所不同。陈刚同志的译文,主要是供导游给游客介绍景点时用的,其译诗读起来必须琅琅上口,一听就懂,但又不失诗词之美”。
毛泽东说,诗要“精练、大体整齐,押韵。”鲁迅提倡:“新诗先要有节调、押大致相近的韵,给大家容易记,又顺口,唱得出来。”著名的诗词翻译家许渊冲认为,毛泽东和鲁迅对写诗的要求,“不但是写诗,译诗也该如此。”
领会伟人名家的诗论和译诗论,结合本人的翻译实践(以下译例,除注明外,均为笔者试译),我体会到:涉外活动中诗词佳句的英译,必须使译品产生感染力的强的“现场效果”。为此,则要使译品产生使人喜闻的“悦耳效果”,使人乐见的“悦目效果”,使人意会的“意似效果”或使人神会的 “神似效果” 。
1 感染力强的现场效果
这是诗词佳句翻译的总体要求。我们译诗,是让别人看,让别人听的,如果没有现场效果,就达不到现场交流的目的。 陈刚教授的古诗英译,就从英语导游的实用角度出发,“在翻译西湖古诗时,不拘泥于所选的诗词所涉及的具体背景,而在忠实于原文的基础上,注重„当场见效‟的口译效果,即力求译文口语化,有韵脚,有节奏感,读来上口,听来易懂,象是诗词”。
苏东坡赞美杭州西湖,诗曰:“水光潋滟晴方好,山色空朦雨亦奇;欲把西湖比西子,淡妆浓抹总相宜。”陈刚接待来自美国夏威夷的旅行团时,朗诵了他预先译好的这首名诗:
The shimmering ripples delight the eye on sunny days;
The dimming hills present a rare view in rainy haze.
West Lake may be compared to Beauty Xi Zi at her best,
It becomes her to be richly adorned or plainly dressed.
译诗刚诵完,就引来掌声和赞语:“太好了!”“真美!”“这是我们此次中国之行听到的唯一的一首中国诗。”客人获得美的享受,导游本人也获得前所未有的快乐。
笔者也有多次“现场效果”的体验。1990年,我陪同美中友协的伯顿先生到广东肇庆的鼎湖山参观。导游
着意介绍了一种特别的“茶”,叫“紫背天葵”,还发挥名人效应,把郭沫若的两句诗朗诵出来:客来不用茶和酒,紫背天葵酌满杯。
我事先看过资料,有所准备,就当场译出:
You need no tea or wine to greet your guest,
Purple Back Begonia will be the best.
伯顿先生一听,马上说:“Wonderful! Mr. Wu, don‟t forget the special tea. I will do the business.”
诗,本身就有感染力。译出来的诗,只要易懂,大体整齐,大致押韵,也是有感染力的。
不少翻译名家有现成的汉诗译品,涉外翻译工作者学习引用的时候,也要看场合、对象和目的,而有所变通。例如,唐代诗人王之涣有《登鹳鹊楼》诗:“白日依山尽,黄河入海流。欲穷千里目,更上一层楼。”我读过许渊冲教授aabb联韵式的译品 (The sun beyond the mountain glows/The Yellow River seawards flows/You can enjoy a grander sight/By climbing a greater height)。我也读过丰华瞻方家abab交韵式的译品(The sun is setting with abright hue/And a flowing river is in sight/To command a thousand mile view/Let‟s go up one more flight.。两译均使我受益不浅。然而,很多时候,人们常常喜欢引用王诗的后两句“欲穷千里目,更上一层楼”。那么,许译的后两句,照用就产生“现场效果”;而隔行押韵的丰译,同一联中有音韵之隔,然而,其后两句只需换一个词,就得押韵之妙,体现“现场效果”:
To command a thousand mile sight,
Let‟s go up one more flight.
侨居美国多年的王大濂教授的《英译唐诗绝句百首》,以“合理的节奏及规律的韵脚赋予诗文以音乐美和高雅的艺术享受”。他的规律的韵脚,基本上是外人士都喜闻乐见的联韵,引用时,拿来即可。例如,不少书法家爱写的孟浩然的两句诗,“野旷天低树,江清月近人”,他就译得通俗易懂,清新流畅,立见效果: The sky drops down below treetops in wild expanse;
On lucid stream the shadow of moon kisses man‟s.
今年初,我市接待一个来自南非的石材企业代表团。适逢南非企业的老总生日。在为他举办的晚会上,其合作伙伴送他一幅“满园春色关不住,一枝红杏出墙来”的中国画。当时在宾馆里,我手头上没有现成资料,思考片刻,我译成押韵的两句:
The spring could not be shut inside a garden, by closing the door,
A branch of apricot blossom is coming out, needing spaces more.
因为押韵,读来顺口,译文不但现场见效,还符合交流现场的实际。此时,“红杏出墙”有了新意:双方要拓展市场,扩大合作领域,“needing spaces more”,正得其所哉。
2 使人喜闻的悦耳效果
上面提到,译诗要做到“琅琅上口”、“有韵脚”、“押大致相近的韵”。这是诗词的“音美以感耳。”也就是说,诗词佳句的翻译,要有“悦耳效果”。什幺是悦耳效果?理论也许难以说得清,实践结果却可以证明。
“有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?”这是孔子《论语》的开卷之语。此句的译文很多。如:That friends should come to one from afar, is this not after all delightful? (Arthur Waley 译)Isn‟t it a pleasure for oneto have like-minded people coming from faraway places?(王福林 译)Is it not a delight after all to have friends come from afar ? (《汉英外事工作常用词汇》)Is it not pleasant to have friends coming from distant quarters? ( James Legge译)
以上四译,都把孔圣人的这句名言译出来了,虽然对原文的结构和字构亦步亦趋,但是,较难称得上“琅琅上口”,也谈不上大致押韵。笔者首创的一种译法,在现场交流中发挥了“悦耳效果”。
在1990年亚澳地区滑水锦标赛暨第五届亚洲滑水锦标赛的一个招待会上,主礼官宣布招待会开始的时候,人们还意犹未尽地继续原来各自的话题。这时,开幕献词的官员说出“有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎”以后,我借助一流的音响设备,把推敲过的译文说出来:
How happy we are,
To meet friends from afar!
会场骤然安静,接着,掌声响了起来。这就是悦耳的音响效果。一对欧洲来的夫妇对我说:“Mr. Wu, you are a poet!”在英译汉诗的时候,我坚持尽量做到大致押韵,尽量做到象诗。下面是我对几种基本“韵”认识和在英译汉诗中的体会。
一是尽量用脚韵。
脚韵也叫尾韵,行尾韵,在诗行的末尾押韵,有“完全韵”和“不完全韵”或“元音迭韵”。“完全韵”比较严格,一是重读的元音必须相同;二是元音后面的音素必须相同;三是元音前面的辅音必须是不同的音素。“不完全韵”或“元音迭韵”是指两个或两个以上词的重读元音相同,元音前面的辅音也属不同的音素,但元音后面的辅音却不相同。
广东肇庆七星岩,传说乃天上七星降落而成。1961年,郭沫若曾在天柱岩上勾留一宿,作有一诗:
七星落地上,天柱立中流。
山多红豆树,窗对白凫洲。
月下开菱镜,云间结彩楼。
勾留过一宿,灯火是端州。
诗,刻在岩山下显眼的石面上。常有外宾问起诗意。作为当地的涉外翻译工作者,我把该诗以aa bb cc dd的韵式译出来,收到较好的效果:
Among the Seven Stars descended from the sky,
The Heavenly Pillar stands in water, steep and high.
All over the hills Love Bean trees grow;
The Wild Duck Islet faces my window.
The lake beneath the Moon spreads a mirror;
The colored houses amid the clouds tower.
I am attracted to stay here for one night,
When Duanzhou is ablaze with city light.
中国有句俗语:“大事化小,小事化了。”很押韵。有此一译:Reduce major issues to minor ones and minor ones to nothing.原话之意译出来了。然而,没有押韵,不够悦耳。当然,我们不是说,凡诗都要韵译。可是,苟锡泉教授说得好,“诗歌,是一种有节奏和韵律的文学体裁”。只要不损原意,能押韵就尽量押韵,增加音乐美感,何乐而不为?上文可韵译如下:
Reduce a major issue to a minor one,
And turn a minor one to none.
二是适当用行中韵和头韵。
行中韵,是一行诗中几个词押韵。头韵,是一行诗或一个句子中,相邻词的起首字母发音(元音或辅音)相同而产生的音韵。头韵通常出现在一行之内,是行中韵的一种。叶剑英元帅有一首吟诵肇庆七星岩的诗,描写了这个国家级风景游览区兼有“杭州之水”、“桂林之山”的美景。诗曰:
借得西湖水一圜,
更移阳朔七堆山
堤边添上丝丝柳,
画幅长留天地间。
这是一首用中国诗传统的方式押韵的七言诗。很多译文,多作散文式的分行排列,没有韵,不象诗。我的译文,在现场交往的工作对象中取得现场效果,还得到一些外国友人的赞许。
Borrow a pool of water from Hangzhou West Lake,
Remove seven hills from Yangshuo for scenic sake,
And add weeping willows along the long dykes,
The nature picture will last forever under the skies.
首先,译文用了联韵,即邻近两行押韵:第一行和第二行以及第三行和第四行,分别押了“完全韵”。其次,第一行的water和west, 第二行的seven,scenic和sake, 第三行的and和add以及weeping和willows,用的是头韵。译文还用了行中韵:即第三行的along 和long以及第四行的nature, picture和forever。行中韵也叫元音迭韵。
三是适时倒装求韵。
诗人或译诗人在写诗或译诗的时候,为求音韵效果而处理的倒装结构,这种韵律倒装,古今中外,都大量使用。他山之石,可以攻玉。下面是一个英语诗句倒装求韵例子:
He that would the daughter win,
Must with the mother first begin.
首行的win本应在the daughter之前,末行的begin本应在with之前,为了押韵,双双放到行尾去了,押就了完全韵。译文也应尽量押韵,否则,原味尽失。译如:要娶人家千金,先讨其母欢心。
在汉诗英译的时候,倒装求韵的例子是数之不尽的。且看许渊冲教授对毛泽东诗句“红军不怕远征难,万水
千山只等闲”的英译.:
Of the trying long march the Red Army makes light,
Thousands of rivers and mountains are barriers slight.
第一行of the trying long march本应在该行之末,第二行的slight应在barriers之前,为了押韵,他们都服从悦耳效果的需要,倒装了。同样,郭沫若那副毛泽东诗词的集句对联,“风景这边独好,江山如此多骄”,可以用倒装的技巧,韵译如下:
How unique is the scene here!
So beautiful is the Land dear!
又如,翻译“秀才遇着兵,有理讲不清”这两句话的时候,可以运用韵律倒装的技巧:
When a scholar argues with a soldier,
To all arguments blind is the latter.
第二行的正常语序是:The latter is blind to all arguments.
3 使人乐见的悦目效果
这是诗词的“形美”,是“大体整齐”的要求。汉语在这方面的优势很多。对仗工整,平仄交替粘对,四言字句,五言诗,六言诗,七言诗,回文诗,等等,不一而足。翻译的时候,大可用足用活这种优势。“悦耳”使人喜闻,“悦目”则使人乐见。汪榕培教授译陶渊明的“望云惭高鸟,临水愧游鱼”时,不仅扬抑对粘,而且音节整齐,阅之诵之,过目不忘,使人有美的艺术享受:
How I admire the birds that soar and fly!
How I esteem the fish that swim nearby!
上述“欲穷千里目,更上一层楼”的译文,也不必处处用之,一成不变。如果用在一些以简练文字表达的载体上,可以考虑用“悦目效果”的译文,以工整的十个音节译那工整的十个汉字:
For a grander sight,
To a greater height.
或者:
The greater the height,
The grander the sight.
又如,“四海之内,皆兄弟也”,发挥了“四言字句”的优势,译文可用扬抑格的十个音节工整地对应译出那八个汉字:
Men the world over,
All are brothers.
或者:
Men the world over,
Brothers each other.
诗词翻译篇二
《经典诗词翻译》
诗词翻译篇三
《古诗翻译》
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失。男子晚上长吟不寐,必然感到冷月侵人。对方的住处从这里去没有多远,却无路可通,有望而不可及。希望有青鸟一样的使者殷勤地为我去探看情人,来往传递消息。同儿辈赋未开海棠海棠枝间新长出的绿叶层层叠叠,小花蕾隐匿其间微微泛出些许红色。 一定要爱惜自己的芳心,不要轻易盛开,姑且让桃花李花在春风中尽情绽放吧。夜雨寄北你问我回家的日子,我没有定归期; 今晚巴山下着大雨,雨水涨满池子。 何时你我重新聚首,共剪西窗烛芯; 再告诉你今夜秋雨,我痛苦的情思。论诗李白和杜甫的诗篇经成千上万的人传颂,现在读起来感觉已经没有什么新意了 我们的大好河山每代都有才华横溢的人出现,他们的诗篇文章以及人气都会流传数百年。(注,以上资料由付启韬同学提供,经朝阳区南磨房公证处公证员付启韬同志公证,有效)付大少爷谨上
诗词翻译篇四
《诗歌翻译》
从“三美”角度赏析诗歌翻译
苏曼殊说过,诗歌之美,在乎气体;然其情思幼渺,抑亦释放同感。按文切理,语无增饰,陈义悱恻,事辞相称。诗歌是各国语言的瑰宝,而诗歌的翻译,就是在瑰宝上添花。本文从诗歌翻译的“三美”原则的角度来赏析诗歌的翻译。
诗之根本为诗,就是因为它有区别于其他语言表现形式的语言特征。比如它有谐美的音韵、严整的格律,以及某些规定的形式。
译事难,而译诗则更难。这似乎成了译界的一种共识。因为一般翻译,只要译出原文的意思,语言通顺,即大致可以。但诗歌翻译,除要译得忠实于原文外,还要求传达原文的风格,表现出原文的美感。
在译界,就诗歌翻译,一直存在两种意见。一种主张“以诗译诗”,要求译诗具备译入语文化对诗所定义的特征,这些特征被进一步细化为译诗在音、形、意三方面的标准,即音美、形美和意美。这一学派的代表人物要数当代翻译大家许渊冲先生。许先生不仅提出了诗歌翻译的“三美”论,而且其后又提出了惊世骇俗的“竞赛论”,认为译作可以胜过原作。
持相对意见的被称为“散体派”。这一派主张采用自由体或白描手法译诗。大家耳熟能详的一位便是吕淑湘先生,他在《中诗英译比录》序中指出:“以诗体译诗之弊,约有三端。一曰趁韵„„二曰颠倒词序以求协律„„三曰增删及更易原诗意义。” 诗体翻译,“即令达意,风格已殊,稍一不慎,流弊丛生。”所以吕先生主张以散文体译诗。
相对而言,格律诗的翻译较难。难就难在很多原诗本身的音乐性无法通过译诗传递出来。所以产生了“诗不可译”之说。然而译诗之事业一直有人在做,而且今后也必定会有人继续做下去。佳译是在反复不断的译诗实践中产生的。译者需要在具体的翻译过程中,积极调动思维和自身的知识储备,努力再现原诗本身在音、形、意三方面的美感。
音美,就是译诗也应具有英诗的节奏美和押韵美。中诗讲究平仄。中国古典格律诗在英译时可采用英诗的抑扬格或扬抑格音步。除此而外,中诗的音美还常常借助于双声(声母相同)、叠韵(韵母相同)或尾韵得以体现。英译时,可考虑用头韵或尾韵译之, 使富于韵律美的原诗,在译诗中也能保存其歌咏性和音乐性。
形美,就是译诗也应有英诗的形式美。汉语诗歌有古体诗和近体诗之分,在诗的行数、每行的字数及平仄上都有相应的规定。近体诗还可分为绝句、律诗和排律。这些诗词在英译时,可考虑自由选择英诗中的抑扬格格律诗,英雄双行体或十四行诗。
意美,就是指译诗也应有意象以及由意象组合而成的顺理成章的意境。中国诗词非常讲究“言不尽意”的“弦外之音”,重含蓄,字少意多。更由于历史悠久,寥寥数语往往包含许多传统意象。英译汉语诗词时要特别注意传达原诗的这种意象美。请看马致远的《天净沙?秋思》的一则译例1:
天净沙?秋思 Autum Thoughts
马致远 -- translated by 赵甑陶
枯藤老树昏鸦, Withered vines, olden trees, evening crows; 小桥流水人家, Tiny bridge, flowing brook, hamlet homes; 古道西风瘦马, Ancient road, wind from west, bony horse; 夕阳西下, The sun is setting,
断肠人在天涯。 Broken man, far from home, roams and roams.
就笔者所搜集到的,这首词共有6种译文,其中以该例译文诗句最短,又较好地传达了原作的节奏感和押韵美。更为重要的是,它很好地传递了原词中的意境美:时已深秋,一位远离故乡的“断肠人”还在天涯漂泊。他骑着瘦马,迎着西风,在荒凉的古道上奔波,不知哪里是归宿。纠缠着枯藤的老树上,已经有乌鸦栖息,太阳落山,已到了黄昏。一脉溪水从小桥下流过,那边出现了人家,可那不是他的家呀。于是,他只能骑着那匹瘦马,继续在天涯漂泊,漂泊„„
译文用几乎与原词等同的字数,以意象的叠加堆砌重新构建了原诗中秋思的意境美。可看作比较成功的一个译例。
关于音美和形美,我们再来欣赏许渊冲先生所译刘禹锡的《竹枝词》:
杨柳青青江水平,Between the willows green the river flows along, 闻郎江上唱歌声。My beloved in a boat is heard singing a song. 东边日出西边雨,The west is veiled in rain, the east basks in sunshine,
道是无晴还有晴。My beloved is as deep in love as the day is fine.
这例译文采用抑扬格六音步,形式工巧,又采用aabb韵式,较好地传达了原诗的形美和音美。
以上简单地介绍了古诗词翻译的“三美”原则。但应该注意,音、形、意“三美”并非鼎足三分。在三者不可兼得的情况下,我们主张首先考虑保存原诗的意美,其次保存音美,再次是形美。
古诗词翻译,除了要努力传递原诗词本身的音美、形美和意美外,还有几点需要译者特别留意:
诗歌翻译,首先要求译者具有丰富的想象力。尤其当翻译名作佳作之时,更需要译者丰富的想象力。因为愈是伟大的作品,其语言愈
精炼含蓄,其内涵的延展性也愈大。中国古典诗词向来讲究意境,一首诗中往往有着“溢出它自身”的东西。毕竟,追求独特性的诗歌,根本上取决于诗人有着什么样的独特性灵。而这需要译者展开想象的翅膀,悉心不断地揣摩,从而对诗人创作该诗时的生命冲动有所体悟,才能进一步在译诗中有所体现。
并且,就一首诗而言,尽管孤立的字、词、句等语言因素是可读懂的,但当这些要素组合成一首诗时,它的意义就往往变得难以确定。很多诗的含义常常是模糊的、多义的,远远多于字面上所直接呈现的那一部分。字面意思常常只是一座冰山的水上部分。译者更应该关心探索其水下部分的意义并将其传递出来
其次要求译者具备英诗和汉语诗歌的基础知识。诗作为语言的创造,作为人类精神存在的宏大见证,如果仅从浅层的字面意思去理解,单词对单词地翻译,肯定会把一首诗译成“非诗”,不仅译不出什么诗,而且对翻译本身造成某种损害。因此译者不仅需要具备汉语诗歌的基本知识,如中国古典诗词的特征及现代诗的特征,更需掌握英诗中各种诗体特点,这样翻译时才能做到心中有数,而不会胡翻乱翻了。了解中诗偏向含蓄、深沉和质朴,重意境;而英诗多直抒胸境和偏重哲思的特点。
再次,译诗如何,在很大程度上取决于译者对原诗的理解和阐释。不同译者对同一首或同一句诗可能有不同的理解。译者水平的高低不光是从外语水平不同开始的, 更是从阅读这一复杂的个人化行为开始的。不同人读诗,其获得的对诗的理解力和感受力是不同的。另外,一首诗常常同某种节奏、某种诗体、某种精神状态相关。这就需要译者在无数次的阅读中悉心领悟,直到在译出语的语感中,这些因素也相应地油然而生。人常说,熟读千遍,其意自现。诗不厌读,译者必须精读待译之诗,方能在反复的阅读中体味到诗的音乐性。这样,才能从整体上把握该诗的精神和神旨。
对文化的学习和理解不是一朝一夕的事,是需要在不断地学习和对比领悟过程中建立起来的。只有当译者对自己和对方的文化理解准确到位的时候才能将诗歌翻译达到一个新的高度,因此还需要很多路去走。
诗词翻译篇五
《古诗翻译》
诗情话英 游戏规则:参赛者只须根据纸条上的英文诗词推断出是哪首相应中文诗词的翻译即可。猜出即可获得相应奖品。
1、I look for what I miss; I know not what it is. I feel so sad, so drear, So lonely, without cheer.
2、How much sorrow, pray, can a person carry? Like the spring torrent flowing eastward without tarry.
3、The boundless forest sheds its leaves shower by shower, The endless river roll its waves hour after hour.
4、We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though miles apart.
诗词翻译篇六
《诗歌的翻译》
诗词翻译篇七
《古诗词的英文翻译》
古诗词翻译
Qin Shihuang and Han Wudi,were lacking in literary grace; and Tang Taizong and Song
Taizu,had little poetry in their souls;that proud son of Heaven,Genghis Khan,knew only shooting eagles, bow outstretched. All are past and gone!For truly great men,look to this age alone."snow"-Mao Zedong
惜秦皇汉武,略输文采;唐宗宋祖;稍逊风骚;一代天骄,成吉思汗,只识弯弓射大雕。具往矣,数风流人物,还看今朝。《沁园春·雪》-毛泽东
Withered vine and an old tree with a crow at dusk.Tiny bridge and a family aside a flowing river.Ancient path and a poor horse in the west wind.A heartbroken man is walking towards the westering sun to the skyline. "Autumn Thoughts"-Ma Zhiyuan
枯藤老树昏鸦,小桥流水人家,古道西风瘦马.夕阳西下,断肠人在天涯.《秋思》-马致远
Oh, how can I gravely bow and scrape to men of high rank and men of high office . Who never will suffer being shown an honest-hearted face!
安能摧眉折腰事权贵,使我不得开心颜!
And the sunlight clasps the earth, and the moonbeams kiss the sea;What are all these kissings worth, if thou kiss not me?
阳光搂抱着大地,月光轻吻着海波;这般的柔情有什么意义,如果你不吻我?
Up and down the main streets, I must have run— A thousand times or more in quest of one, Who I have concluded, cannot be found; For, everywhere, no trace of her can be seen, When, all of a sudden, I turned about, That's her, where lanterns are few and far between.
众里寻他千百度,蓦然回首,那人却在,灯火阑珊处。
How many loved your moments of glad grace,and loved your beauty with love false or true;but one man loved the pilgrim soul in you,and loved the sorrows of your changing face."When You are Old"-William Butler Yeats
多少人爱你年轻欢畅的时候,爱慕你的美貌,出于假意或真心;只有一个人爱你朝圣者的灵魂,爱你已改的容颜痛苦的皱纹。《当你老去》-叶芝
To be, or not to be- that is the question: Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them. 生存还是毁灭?这是个问题。究竟哪样更高贵,去忍受那狂暴的命运无情的摧残还是挺身去反抗那无边的烦恼,把它扫一个干净。
Let life be beautiful like summer flowers and death like autumn leaves.Stray Bird-Ranbindranath Tagore
使生如夏花之绚烂,死如秋叶之静美。《飞鸟集》-泰戈尔
Heaven has made us talents; we're not made in vain;A thousand gold coins spent, more will turn up again. -----------Li Bai <>
天生我材必有用,千金散尽还复来. --------李白<<将进酒>>
I leave softly, gently, exactly as I came. I wave to the western sky, telling it goodbye softly, gently. "Goodbye Again, Cambridge!"-Xu Zhimo
轻轻的我走了,正如我轻轻的来,我轻轻的招手,作别西天的云彩。《再别康桥》-徐志摩
To see a world in a grain of sand, And a heaven in a wild flower, Hold infinity in the palm of your hand, And eternity in an hour."Auguries of Innocence"-William Blake一
粒沙里看出一个世界,一朵花里藏着一个天堂,把无限放在你的手上,永恒在刹那间收藏。《天真的预示》-(英)威廉布莱克
Misfortune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfortune underlies. 祸兮,福之所依;福兮,祸之所伏。--《道德经》老子
The farthest distance in the World,is not the space between life and death, but that you don't know I love you while I am standing in front of you. "The Farthest Dstance in the World
"-Ranbindranath Tagore
世界上最远的距离,不是生与死的距离;而是我站在你面前,你不知道我爱你。《世界上最远的距离》-泰戈尔
Taking your hand, living to old age together.
执子之手,与子偕老
Do not dare not to say the beautiful oath just because it may change; do not dare not to miss the significant encounter just because you may depart in the future.
不要因为也许会改变,就不肯说那句美丽的誓言,不要因为也许会分离,就不敢求一次倾心的相遇。-席慕蓉《印记》
Westerly winds withered trees up last night. Climbing up the stairs and being lonely on the loft, I overlooked the endless distance.
昨夜西风凋碧树,独上高楼,望尽天涯路。
In heaven let us be two birds flying ever together, and on earth two trees with branches interlocked forever.
在天愿做比翼鸟,在地愿为连理枝。
A Young idler,an old beggar
少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲
Where, before me, are the ages that have gone? And where, behind me, are the coming
generations? I think of heaven and earth, without limit, without end, And I am all alone and my tears fall down.
前不见古人,后不见来者;念天地之悠悠,独怆然而涕下。
I would part with you only when mountains had no rocks, rivers had no water, thunders shocked in winter, snow fell in summer, and distinction disappeared between the sky and the earth.
我欲与君相知,长命无绝衰。山无陵,江水为竭,冬雷震震,夏雨雪,天地合,乃敢与君绝! --《上邪》
We read the world wrong and say that it deceives us."Stray Bird"-Ranbindranath Tagore 我们把世界看错了,反说它欺骗我们。《飞鸟集》-泰戈尔
Within you I lose myself,without you I find myself wanting to be lost again.
有了你,我迷失了自我。失去你,我多么希望自己再度迷失
If love between both sides can last for aye, why need they stay together night and day? 两情若是长久时,又岂在朝朝暮暮。--《鹊桥仙》秦观
We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though miles apart.
但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。
The one who know I, call my heart sorrow, don't know me, calling me beg.
知我者,谓我心忧,不知我者,谓我何求。(诗经·王风·黍离)
The tree would like to be quiet but the wind is blowing while children would like to support but parents can't wait .
树欲静而风不止,子欲养而亲不待。
A time will come to ride the wind and cleave the waves; I'll set my cloud-white sail and cross the sea, which raves. ----------Li Bai <
>长风破浪会有时,直挂云帆济沧海. -----李白<<行路难>>
If you shed tears when you miss the sun, you also miss the stars.
如果你因错过太阳而流泪,那么你也將错过群星。 ——泰戈尔
I am not afraid of tomorrow for I have seen yesterday and love today.
我不害怕明天,因为我经历过昨天,又热爱今天我不害怕明天,因为我经历过昨天,又热爱今天
诗词翻译篇八
《诗词的翻译》
诗词翻译篇九
《诗歌翻译》
诗词翻译篇十
《名家古诗英译》
《水调歌头》名家英译版两首
昔胡仔曾说:―中秋词,自东坡《水调歌头》一出,余词尽废。‖认为这是写中秋最好的一首词,此说是一点也不过分的。这首词仿佛是与明月的对话,在对话中探讨着人生的意义。既有理性,又有情趣,很是耐人寻味。 或许,早在我们从课本上学到《水调歌头》之前,就已经在王菲的歌声中,在各类影视剧中接触到这首词了吧。
今天,跟着小编一起,来看看这首词的两个英译版吧。分别是许渊冲先生以及林语堂先生的译作,大家更喜欢哪一个版本呢? 《水调歌头》:
明月几时有?把酒问青天。不知天上宫阙、今夕是何年?我欲乘风归去,惟恐琼楼玉宇,高处不胜寒。起舞弄清影,何似在人间? 转朱阁,低绮户,照无眠。不应有恨、何事长向别时圆?人有悲欢离合,月有阴晴圆缺,此事古难全。但愿人长久,千里共蝉娟。 许渊冲先生译作:
How long will the full moon appear? Wine cup in hand, I ask the sky。 I do not know what time of the year
‘Would be tonight in the palace on high。 Riding the wind, there I would fly,
Yet I‘m afraid the crystalline palace would be Too high and cold for me。
I rise and dance, with my shadow I play。 On high as on earth, would it be as gay? The moon goes round the mansions red Through gauze-draped window soft to shed Her light upon the sleepless bed。
Why then when people part, is the oft full and bright? Men have sorrow and joy; they part or meet again;
The moon is bright or dim and she may wax or wane。 There has been nothing perfect since the olden days。 So let us wish that man Will live long as he can!
Though miles apart, we‘ll share the beauty she displays。 林语堂先生译作:
How rare the moon, so round and clear! With cup in hand, I ask of the blue sky, "I do not know in the celestial sphere What name this festive night goes by?" I want to fly home, riding the air, But fear the ethereal cold up there,
The jade and crystal mansions are so high! Dancing to my shadow,
I feel no longer the mortal tie。 She rounds the vermilion tower, Stoops to silk-pad doors,
Shines on those who sleepless lie。 Why does she, bearing us no grudge, Shine upon our parting, reunion deny? But rare is perfect happiness--
The moon does wax, the moon does wane, And so men meet and say goodbye。 I only pray our life be long,
And our souls together heavenward fly!
诗歌汉译英经典:李白两首名诗英译赏析
李白的七言绝句颇富浪漫主义情怀,豪迈奔放,率性而为。许渊冲先生的译作再现了诗作的―意美‖、―音美‖和―形美‖。
一 《望庐山瀑布》
日照香炉生紫烟,遥望瀑布挂前川。 飞流直下三千尺,疑是银河落九天。 CATARACT ON MOUNT LU
The sunlit Censer perk exhales a wreath of cloud; like an upended stream the cataract sounds loud.
Its torrent dashes down three thousand feet from high; As if the Silver River fell from azure sky. 赏析:原诗的第一句中一个―生‖字把静止的香炉峰写得富有了灵性。许先生同样一个"exhales"(―散发出‖或―呼出‖)也将香炉峰人格化了。"a wreath of cloud"形容―紫烟‖,其中名词"wreath"(―花环‖),有―缭绕‖以及―色彩绚丽‖的生动意向。
原诗第二句一个―挂‖字,化动为静,呼应上文。而许先生使用动词"upended"(―被倒置‖)来形容远望中的瀑布像―倒挂‖的飞流,译出了诗词的弦外之音和意境之美。
第三句中,―飞‖和―直下‖描绘出瀑布飞散而降的气势。许先生译文中以"dashes down"作谓语,既合乎主语―倒挂的飞流‖飞下的走向,又传达出瀑布凌空而落的气势。
最后一句,许先生用动词"fell",但为虚拟语气,把现实瀑布和想象中的银河自然地联系起来。
四行诗的韵脚比较多,许先生按原诗的节奏,择用aabb尾韵。为了压好韵脚,在诗句的语序方面做了必要的调整。总之,许先生保留了原作的―形美‖和―音美‖,译品接近原诗的自然节奏。 二《黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵》
故人西辞黄鹤楼,烟花三月下扬州。 孤帆远影碧空尽,唯见长江天际流。
SEEING MENG HAO-RAN OFF AT YELLOW CRANE TOWER My friend has left the west where the Yellow Crane towers; For River Town green with willows and red with flowers. His lessening sail is lost in the boundless blue sky; Where I see but the endless River rolling by. 赏析:
许先生总体构思上采用译气不译字的译作手法,灵活增减词语,变换句式,使得译作画意浓厚。 细节的处理上许先生更是功力深厚。第一句"My old friend has left the west where the Yellow Crane towers",既交代了友人东行,又道出了黄鹤楼美景,句式上颇为押韵。第二句许先生创造性地运用对称整齐的句式,"green with willows"和"red with flowers"译出了满目的春色。许先生在三、四句的表达方式上做了大胆调整,把―尽‖字前移,使之更符合英语的表达习惯,同时还添加了几个不影响深层意义且注有韵脚的词语,如"his","where I see",勾画除了诗人目送行舟,江边怅惘的心情。"His lessening sail is lost in the boundless blue sky"表现出诗人看着小船渐渐消失在远方时心中的感伤之情。
唐宋词中词牌名的英语翻译
词是韵文文体之一,又称―曲子词‖,即歌词。它本来是为配乐歌唱而写的诗。由于它是配乐歌唱的,所以每首词都有或至少曾经有过一个乐谱。每个乐谱都必定属于某种宫调(类似今天的C调、G调之类),有一定的旋律、节奏,这些东西的总和就是词调。每种词调都有一个名称(如《西江月》、《清平乐》),这个名称就叫―词牌‖。 词始于唐,盛于宋,是一种脍炙人口的文学表达形式,历来为人们所钟爱。为把中华文化中这一绮丽的瑰宝译介到国外,不少译者已进行了大量开拓性的艰辛劳动,其中不乏精美传神叹为观止之作。然而,词的翻译比之散文小说确似更难,尤其是词牌名的翻译。
尽管就大多数词作来说,词牌与音乐或词中的内容关系不大,作者填词时,只视哪种词调形式更符合自己的需要,完全可以不去考虑词牌名称的原有含义和原来词曲的内容。因此词牌在一般意义上不过是标明作者依哪一种现成的曲谱进行填词而已。然而将词牌名译成英文时就不能不在传达词牌的神韵和美感的同时考虑它的历史来源和反映在其中的格律了。
下面试就词牌的几种常见的英译方法略抒浅见。 一、一般性词牌名的译法
一般性词牌名没有什么历史典故,或有,但已无从考证,或取自前人的某个词句,或只是一个风雅的名词而已。在这种情况下,按字面意思直译成英文,即可较好地保留原文的风格,传达原文的神韵和美感形象。例如: 鹧鸪天 Partridge Sky
踏莎行 Treading On Grass 相见欢 Joy At Meeting 点绦唇 Rouged Lips
满江红 The River All Red 模鱼儿 Groping For Fish 最高楼 The Highest Tower 疏影 Space Shadows
玉楼春 Spring In Jade Pavilion 昼夜乐 Joy Of Day And Night
西江月 The Moon Over The West River 风入松 Wind Through Pines 双双燕 A Pair Of Sparrows
二、"歌"、"词"、"歌头"、"吟"等词牌名的译法
1.常带"歌"、"词"、"子"的词牌,不妨直译成"Song",既简单明了,又贴切自然。例如: 子夜歌 Midnight Song
洞仙歌 Song Of A Fairy In The Cave 柳枝词 Willow Branch Song 算子 Song Of Divination 天仙子 Song Of Immortal
更漏子 Song Of Water Clock At Night 南歌子 A Southern Song
2.词牌子带"吟"一类的较"歌"、"词"更为典雅,是一种便于吟诵、格调高雅、节奏舒缓的诗体,译成"Chant",可以显得庄重端方,因为英语中的"Chant"多指宗教中的赞美诗或圣歌,意思与"吟"很相近。例如: 水龙吟 Water Dragon Chant
瑞龙吟 Auspicious Dragon Chant
3."歌头"意即前奏或序曲,可译成"Prelude"。例如: 水调歌头 Prelude To Water Melody
三、"令"、"引"、"近"、"慢"等词牌名的译法
有一些词牌末带有"令"、"引"、"近"、"慢"等术语。"令"与酒令有关,是一种比较接近民歌的抒情小曲;"引"集歌体与诗体于一身,也是这类诗歌诗曲调的演化;"慢"有篇幅较长、语言节奏舒缓、韵脚间隔较大等特点;"近"有亲昵、浅显的意思,可能与令、引等一样与曲调有关,指一种篇幅较"令"长而又不如"慢"曲那么典雅庄重的曲调。从字数上讲,大体上说,"令"多半属于"小令"范围,"引"、"近"多半属于"中调"范围,"慢"则绝大多数是"长调"。所以译成英文时可视具体情况译成"Song";"Slow Song";"Slow Tune"或"Slow,Slow Song"。例如; 调笑令 Song Of Flirtation 唐多令 Tang Duo Song
祝英台令 Slow Song Of Zhu Ying Tai 扬州慢 Slow Tune Of Yangzhou 声声慢 Slow, Slow Song
四、"摊破"、"促拍"、"减字"、"偷声"等词牌名的译法
"摊破"(又名"摊声"、"添字")和"促拍"这两个术语都表示在原调基础上加了字、句。而"减字"、"偷声"则是在原调基础上减少了字句,而另成新调。"摊破"和"减字"是就字数而言,而"促拍"和"偷声"是就调而言。所以"摊破"可译成"Lengthened Form","促拍"可译成"Quickened Tune","减字"则可译成"Shortened Form,","偷声"则可译成"Slowed Tune"。例如:
减字木兰花 Shortened Form Of Lily Magnolia Flowers 摊破浣溪沙 Lengthened Form Of Silk-Washing Stream 五、根源于历史掌故的词牌名的译法
据考证,词调有五种来源:1.边疆民族曲调或域外音乐传入内地的;2.内地民歌曲调;3.乐工歌妓们创制或改制的曲调;4.宫廷音乐机构或词曲家根据古曲、大曲改制的;5.文人创作的曲子。正因为词调来源广泛,所以词牌的意思也很复杂。因此,有些词牌是不能根据字面直译的,而应在考释它的来历后再行动笔。 例如:《苏幕遮》原本是指从今天新疆吐鲁番(古高昌)传来的"浑脱"舞曲。"浑脱"是"囊袋"的意思。
据说,舞时舞者用油囊装水,互相泼洒,所以唐人又称之为"泼寒胡戏"。表演者为了不使冷水浇到头面,就戴上一种涂了油的帽子,高昌语叫"苏幕遮",因而乐曲和后来依曲填出的词就被称为《苏幕遮》了。有人将它译成"Screened By Southern Curtain",就是没考虑到它的来源而望文生义译出来的,尤其是"Southern"一词不知从何而来。据此,我以为直译成"Oiled Hat"未免太俗,不如译成"Water-bag Dance"。这样既点明了是舞曲,又可使读者领略到舞蹈的内容和形象。
《菩萨蛮》据考证原是今缅甸境内古代罗摩国的乐曲,后经汉族乐工改制而来的。唐苏鹗从《杜阳杂编》说:"大中(唐宣宗年号)初,女蛮国贡双龙犀……其国.人危髻金冠,缨珞被体,故谓之菩萨蛮。当时倡优遂制菩萨蛮曲;文人亦往往声其词。"可见《菩萨蛮》中的菩萨与我们的佛祖菩萨(Buddha或Buddhist Idol)并无关系,词牌的意思是"象菩萨似的蛮国人"。有人将其译成"Buddhist Dancers",真是差之毫厘失之千里!因为形容词"Buddhist"是"佛的,佛教的"意思,译回成中文就是"佛的舞者",佛教中有没有舞者尚且不论,光意思就南辕北辙。如译成"Dancers Like Buddha"或"Buddha-like Dancer 还勉强过得去,或干脆译为"Song Of The Country Norm",既简单又明了,只是失去了菩萨这个形象。
又如《念奴娇》,念奴为唐玄宗天宝年间一著名歌妓,玄宗时常诏见命歌,曲名本此。如果不知此曲底里,将它译成"Dreaming Of Her Charm"那就令人捧腹了。 有人将它译成"Charm Of A Maiden Singer,"歌手"和"娇"都译出来了,可我认为Maiden一词用得不恰当。"Maiden"一词在英文中是"处女"或"未婚女子"的意思,把它用在古时的歌妓身上未免太圣洁了,不如去掉"Malden",译成"Charm Of A Singer"。"Charm"多指女子的妩媚,所以大可不必担心读者会弄错。"Singer"的性别。从这个意义上讲,"Maiden"也可删去,当然若将其换译成"Woman"也未尝不可。这里还牵涉到专有名词的译法,"念奴"这个名字对于大多数中国人尚且陌生,更不用说外国人了,译出来也不一定知道,反而妨碍意思的理解,故此处可撇下不管,用"A Singer"代替即可。类似的情况都可如此处理:如《昭君怨》就可译成"Lament Of A Fair Lady"。也可用加注的办法,如《虞美人》就可译成"The Beautiful Lady Yu",这样外国人就知道是一个姓虞的美人了。
《葬花吟》中英对照赏析及曹雪芹英文简介
葬花吟
(清) 曹雪芹
花谢花飞飞满天,红绡香断有谁怜? 游丝软系飘春榭,落絮轻沾扑绣帘。 闺中女儿惜春暮,愁绪满怀无处诉。 手把花锄出绣帘,忍踏落花来复去。 柳丝榆荚自芳菲,不管桃飘与李飞。 桃李明年能再发,明岁闺中知是谁? 三月香巢初垒成,梁间燕子太无情!
明年花发虽可啄,却不道人去梁空巢也倾! 一年三百六十日,风刀霜剑严相逼。 明媚鲜妍能几时,一朝飘泊难寻觅。 花开易见落难寻,阶前愁杀葬花人。 独把花锄偷洒泪,洒上空枝见血痕。 Song of the Burial of Flowers Cao Xueqin [Qing Dynasty]
Flowers fade and fall and fly about up in the sky,
But who pities the loss of your fragrance when you die? Like gossamer you float and land on pavilions, With your fallen petals clung soft to fine curtains. In my boudoir I sigh over the close of spring,
But there‘s no way to express my sorrowful feeling. Spade in hand, I go out from under my fine curtain, To and fro on fallen petals, how can I bear treading?
Willow twigs and elm buds send sweet scents as they may, Who cares when peach and plum petals are in decay? Next year peach and plum trees will be in bloom again, But who will be the master of my boudoir then?
杜鹃无语正黄昏,荷锄归去掩重门。 青灯照壁人初睡,冷雨敲窗被未温。 怪侬底事倍伤神,半为怜春半恼春。 怜春忽至恼忽去,至又无语去不闻。 昨宵庭外悲歌奏,知是花魂与鸟魂? 花魂鸟魂总难留,鸟自无语花自羞。 愿侬此日生双翼,随花飞到天尽头。 天尽头!何处有香丘?
未若锦囊收艳骨,一杯净土掩风流。 质本洁来还洁去,强于污淖陷渠沟。 尔今死去侬收葬,未卜侬身何日丧? 侬今葬花人笑痴,他年葬侬知是谁? 试看春残花渐落,便是红颜老死时。 一朝春尽红颜老,花落人亡两不知!
In March lunar swallows have got their nests ready, They on the beam seem to be those without mercy.
Next year in their flight, fresh flowers they may peck, though, All that they and I have will be lost, they never know. There are three hundred and sixty days in one year, With you the elements of nature are severe.
Time is not long for you to be bright and charming, Your trace and track are hard to find in your drifting. You are easy to see when open but hard when fallen,
Before the stairs I am worried where to find your remains. Against the spade I lean and in secret weep sudden,
Splashed on your bare branches are my tears like bloodstains. The cuckoo ceases its warbling at twilight,
With my spade I return and shut the doors tight. I go to bed with a lone oil lamp still shining, My quilt is not warm when a cold rain is falling. I feel at heart it is a matter quite nerve-racking, For I like spring or I feel sad over its leaving. Spring I love and my sorrow repair at a fast pace, They come silent and go without leaving a trace. Last night beyond pavilions sad song seemed rising, Was it the souls of flowers or birds that were singing? It is always hard to ask their souls to stay behind, That birds are silent and flowers feel ashamed, I find. I wish to have two wings under my arms to fly, After you unto the farthest end of the sky. At the farthest end of the sky,
Where can I find the grave of your fragrance lie? Better in silk to shroud your petals fair, With a handful of clean earth as your attire. For pure you have come and pure you repair, Lest you fall into some foul ditch or mire. I hold a burial when you die today,
But there‘s no telling when I pass away. Others laugh at me that have buried thee, Who will be the one that shall bury me? At the farthest end of the sky,
Where can I find the grave of my fragrance lie? The end of spring makes flowers fall one by one, It‘s also the time when beauty meets its doom. Once beauty is carried to its very tomb,
Both beauty and flowers perish known to none.
The poet and the background note: Cao Xueqin (? ~1764) was one of the most famous novelists and poets in the history of Chinese literature. Born in an influential Manchurian bureaucratic family, he had high cultural
accomplishments and outstanding competence for art. During the reign of the Qing Emperor Yongzheng, his father was involved in a political struggle within the ruling class, defeated, so his family suffered a heavy blow both politically and financially. Thereafter, his family circumstances deteriorated. However, adversity brought talent in return. It was when he was plunged in such an embarrassing circumstance that he had the chance to contact himself with the underprivileged of the then society, thus giving him specific, intense experience, and enabling himself to see better of life. He spent as was recorded, at least ten years busying himself with the production of the novel The Dream of the Red Chamber, in which, through a detailed description of the rise and fall of an influential noble family of that time, he created a great number of typical characters, conducted in-depth analyses and criticisms of the then evil society and, at the same time, sang ebullient praises of both the male and female youths who were considered heretical in pursuit of love. The Dream of the Red Chamber is seen as a great realistic masterpiece among the Chinese classic novels. But the novel reveals a kind of pessimism and sentimentalism past cure. With the tone of Lin Daiyu, one of the heroines in The Dream of the Red Chamber, the author Cao Xueqin blended human feelings with nature in this novel as if in confirmation of man‘s helplessness in the presence of the change of nature and the flight of time. As is known to all that have read it, Lin is a sentimentalist who, taking as part of her life the enjoyment of flowers and moonlight, tends to shed tears at the sight of flowers falling, and feel sad when finding the moon waning. In fact, Flowers bloom and then flowers die, There‘s no need for her to give a sigh. It is the very law of nature, she ought not to take pains to bother. Relentless away time flies,