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无时反义篇一
《韩国两年反义无翻译》
최신경향 GRE - Antonym by Comment
최신경향 GRE
Antonym
Edited by: Comment
Version History
Version 1.0 (by Comment)
January 8th, 2008.
Î snukorea님, zlllggem님의 2년치 버발 후기 정리를 반영함. Î 카버가 되는 범위는 2005년 10월 ~ 2007년 12월 31일.
Î 실제로 출시된 문제는 대문자로, 보기와 가능한 답은 소문자로.
Î 오답은 대괄호[ ] 안에, 다른 품사가 가능할 경우에는 괄호( )에 품사표시. Î 다른 뜻으로 가능할 때에는 1, 2, 3 등으로 구분.
ABANDON restrain
ABATE
intensify, increase in intensity, promote, ACCELERATE retard
ACCLIMATE
make unaccustomed to augment, strengthen
ABDICATE
constitute, usurp, undertake
ABERRANT
typical, conventional
[relevant 오답!]
ABET
impede, stymie, hinder
ABIDING
evanescent, ephemeral, transient
ABJECT
exultant, spirited
ABOUND / ABUNDANT scanty, scarce
ABRIDGEMENT
complete sentence, expansion, protract sufficiency, enlargement, extension, extend in length, amplification
ABSOLVE
indict, sentence, inculpate
ABSORB exude
ABSTEMIOUS
voracious, indulging
ABSTRUSE
accessible, explicit, patent, manifest
ABSURD
commonsensical
ACCEDE
demur, oppose
ACCOLADE
castigation, reprobation, reproof,
censure, swearword, excoriating remark, denunciation, derogate
ACCRUE
dwindle, decrease, diminish, lessen, dissipate
ACERBIC saccharine
ACUMEN
obtuseness, lack of discernment
ACUTE
1. imperceptive, stupid, unintelligent 2. insignificant, trivial
ADAMANT
easily swayed, pliant, tractable, toward, flexible, vacillatory, vacillant, elastic, moved
ADEPT
bungling, clumsy, inept
ADHERENT dissenter
ADHESIVE nonviscous
ADROIT
clumsy, ungainly
ADROITNESS clumsiness
ADULATE
vilify, disparage, excoriate, scorn, vituperate, deride, censure, fulminate, disdain, oblique, revile
ADULATION
obloquy, vituperation
ADVOCATE
attack, impugn, oppose, thwart, impede
AFFABILITY
sullenness, irascibility
AFFABLE
irascible, testy, grouchy
AFFECTATION ingenuousness
AFFECTED natural
AFFINITIES unfriendliness
AFFIX detach
AFFRONT countenance
[triumph 오답!]
AGAPE closed
AGGLUTINATED disaggregated
AGGRAVATE
allay, palliate, mitigate, assuage
AGGREGATED
detached, separated, unfastened, part, split, polarized, bifurcated, broken apart, isolate units
AGGRESSIVE conciliatory
AGGRIEVE
conciliate, mollify, appease [energize, inspire 오답!]
AGHAST undismayed
AGITATION repose
AGOG indifferent
ALACRITOUS sluggish, dilatory
ALACRITY
foot-dragging, dilatoriness
ALLAY
excite, arouse, exacerbate, galvanize, increase the intensity
ALLEVIATE intensify
AMBIVALENT
committed, definite, settled, unequivocal
AMBLE
march rapidly, step quickly, scurry
AMELIORATE
aggravate, exacerbate
AMNESIA
remembering, consciousness, awareness 류
AMPLITUDE meagerness
ANACHRONISTIC timely
ANCILLARY paramount
ANNUL reaffirm
ANOMALY commonplace
ANSWERABLE
not responsible, exempt from liability
ANTERIOR ensuing
ANTIC sobriety
ANTIPATHY predilection
ANTITHETICAL congruent
APOCRYPHAL authentic
APPETITE aversion
ARCANE widely-known
ARCHETYPE abnormal
ARDUOUS facile
ARIDNESS 1. humidity
2. fertile, fecundity
AROUSE allay
ARREST
stimulate, advance, forward, promote
ARTLESS
cunning, duplicitous, guile urbane
ARTLESSNESS 1. calculating
2. urbanity, sophistication [colorfulness 오답!]
ASCENDANCY having no influence
ASCENDANT 1. descending
2. lack of influence
ASKEW
straight, aligned
ASPERSION tribute, flattery
ASSAILABLE invulnerable
ASSIDUOUS remiss
ASSUAGE
heighten, intensify, inflame, vex, incite, chaff, gall, exacerbate
ASSUME
doubt, reject, repudiate
ASUNDER
in one part, in one piece, conjoined, yoking
ATTENUATED dense
ATTEST simulate
AUDACITY trepidation
AUGMENT
wane, retrench, abate
AUGMENTATION abatement, reduction
AUSPICIOUS
unpropitious, ominous, boding ill, unfavorable
无时反义篇二
《第五节 同义词与反义词》
无时反义篇三
《反义疑问句练习题(无答案)》
反义疑问句练习题
一、选择填空：
解题指导：选择填空题主要考查学生对于基础语法的掌握程度和运用能力。精心设计的四个选项其中有三个错误选项。第一读通全句和上下文，知道意思，第二正确了解各选项的意思语法特征，第三着重考虑语法限制和意思限制。
1. Few of them hurt themselves in the accident last night, __________?
(A) don't they (B) didn't they (C) did they (D) do they
2. His sister had a bad cough, ________ she?
(A) wasn't (B) doesn't (C) hadn't (D) didn't
3. John can hardly understand any Chinese, _______ he?
(A) can't (B) doesn't (C) can (D) does
4. Don't smoke in the meeting room, ________?
(A) do you (B) will you (C) can you (D) could you
5. Lucy, you clean the blackboard today, ________?
(A) do you (B) did you (C) will you (D) can you
6. Miss Cheng will never forget her first visit to Canada, _______?
(A) will she (B) won't she (C) isn't she (D) wasn't she
7. The lady couldn't say a word when she saw the snake, ________?
(A) could the lady (B) couldn't the lady (C) could she (D) couldn't she
8. Tina is unhappy now, _________?
(A) isn't she (B) is she (C) is he (D) did she
9. There is some water in that bottle, isn't _________?
(A) there (B) it (C) that (D) those
10. ——Let's go and play football, _______?
——That's wonderful.
(A) will you (B) do you (C) won't you (D) shall we
11. ——The boy has to stay at home to look after his little sister, ________? —— Yes, because his mother has gone shopping.
(A) does he (B) is he (C) doesn't he (D) hasn't he
12. ——You won't follow his example, will you?
——_______, I don't think he is right.
(A) No, I won't (B) Yes, I will (C) No, I will (D) Yes, I won't
13. Nothing is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it, _________?
(A) aren't they (B) are they (C) isn't it (D) is it
14. Peter hardly had time for concerts at that time, ________?
(A) wasn't he (B) was he (C) didn't he (D) did he
15. ——It looks like rain, doesn't it?
——_________. And I forgot my raincoat.
(A) No, it isn't (B) Yes, it is (C) No, it doesn't (D) Yes, it does
16.Our class teacher Miss Guo, can hardly ride her bicycle to school,__________ _________?
A. can she B. can’t she C. isn’t she D. does she
17．There Tom found a map on the wall, __________ __________?
A. wasn’t there B. didn’t he C. didn’t there D. wasn’t he
18．I don’t think Tom knows the key to the question,________ __________?
A. do I B. doesn’t he C. will I D. does he
19．You don’t think our team will win the match,___________ _________?
A. will you B. won’t you C. don’t you D. do you
20．Tim doesn’t think it is a physical change,__________ ___________?
A. does he B. doesn’t he C. is it D. isn’t it
21．Let’s go to the exhibition this afternoon,____________ ___________?
A. will you B. shall we C. do we D. don’t we
22．Please stop talking, ___________ __________?
A. will you B. shall we C. do we D. don’t we
23．They have eight classes every day, ____________ ___________?
A. haven’t they B. have they C. do they D don’t they
24．Jane made few mistakes in the exam, _________ _________?
A. did she B. did Jane C. didn’t she D. didn’t Jane
25. They could hardly believe the news, ___________ ___________?
A. couldn’t they B. could they C. did they D. didn’t they
26. The sick man’s allowed to take a walk in the garden every day,_________ __________?
A. is he B. isn’t he C. has he D. hasn’t he
27. The town government set up a modern hospital for the farmers,__________ __________?
A. doesn’t it B. does it C. did it D. didn’t it
二、填空题
1. Tom has been to Singapore , _______________ ?
2. They haven’t been to the Great Wall, _______________ ?
3. He likes neither apples nor pears, _______________ ?
4. They have been there twice, _______________ ?
5. He has studied here for about four years, _______________ ?
6. You have never lost money before, _______________ ?
7. What a nice watch, _______________ ?
8. What he needs is his parents’ love, _______________ ?
无时反义篇四
《情态动词小结》
情态动词小结
情态动词有：can（could）， may（might）， must，have to, shall（should），will（would），need, dare, ought to等。
一． 情态动词can, may, must用法
㈠基本用法
1. can
⑴ 会，能够 --Can you swim?
--Yes, I can.
--No, I can‟t.
⑵ 口语中代替may. You can (may) park here.
你可以把车停在这里。(许可)
2. may允许，许可 --May I come in?
--Yes, you may./Sure, come on in. --No, you mustn‟t./No, you can‟t.
No, you‟d better not.
3. must必须 --Must we finish the exercise today? --Yes, you must.
--No, you needn‟t./No, you don‟t have to.
4. need 需要，必需--Need you go now?= -- Must you go now? --Yes, I must. --Yes, I must. --No, I needn‟t. --No, I needn‟t. (need作为情态动词，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。)
注意一：can 与be able to 都可以表示“能力”，区别是： ⑴ can只有现在和过去两种形式
I can play the piano.
She couldn‟t play the piano when she was a little girl. ⑵ be able to
① 有更多的形式和时态
We shall/will be able to finish the work next week. I haven‟t been able to find the book.
② 指具体一次活动
I can swim but I am not able to cross the rough sea. 有时两者可以互换:
I‟m not able to (can‟t) answer your question.
Are you able to (Can you) type(打字)？
注意二：could的用法
⑴ 作为can的过去式，表示过去的能力。
When I was young I could climb any tree in the forest. 这时也可用was(were)able to
⑵ 用来代替can，婉转地提出请求，想法，建议等。回答这种情况下could引导的一般疑问句时，不用could，而要用can。 A: Could you tell me how to get to the hospital? B: Of cause, I can.
注意三：must的否定形式表示“不得”，“一定不要”，“禁止”
① You mustn‟t take photos in here. It‟s forbidden(禁止). ② You mustn‟t drive without a license（驾照）.
③ We mustn‟t be late, must we？
（与第4页对比，此must不表猜测,两回事。）
注意四：must的过去式是must，常用 had to 代替。
I had to see the dentist.
注意五：must 和 have to 都可以表示必须，但must表示说话人的主观看法，have to表示客观需要。
You must say sorry to me for that.
You have to drive quickly, we have little time.
注意六：May+动词原形表“祝愿”。
May you succeed.
May you be happy every day.
㈡ 可能性用法
1. can表示“可能性”① 疑问句：只能用can
Who can it be ?
② 否定句：cannot(can‟t)“不可能
It cannot be Jenny.
2. may表示“可能性”① 否定句：may not“可能不”
It may not be Jenny.
② 肯定句：“大概”，“也许”，“可能”
It may be Jenny.
3. must表示“可能性”，只能用于肯定句，表推测：“一定是”，“准
是”，“必是”，“必定”。
It must be Jenny.
小结表示“可能性”：
疑问句：只能用can
否定句：cannot(can‟t)“不可能”(反义词是must“准是”)
may not“可能不”
肯定句：may “大概”
must“准是”(反义词是can‟t)
注意一: 在表示“可能性”时，凡是对过去事物的猜测，不管是疑问．．
句，否定句还是肯定句，都要用完成时。 ．．．
① It must have rained last night. You see, the ground is still
wet.
② He can‟t have been to your home. He doesn‟t know your address注意二：may+原型 表示 现在或将来的可能性。若表示对过去事物 ．．．．
的猜测，则用完成时。
③ He may come today.(tomorrow)
He might come today.(tomorrow)
(might语气更不肯定，不是may的过去时)
④ She might have called for help.她可能大声喊“救命”了。 请翻译下里句子： 1. Where can Wei Fang be?
2．That can‟t be Mary. She is in hospital.
3. Surely you can‟t be hungry. You‟ve only just had lunch.
4. The key can‟t be in the room. I have just searched it
carefully. 5. You may/ can go and ask him. But he may not answer you.
6．A：Look！ Someone is coming. Who can it be? B: It may be our headmaster.
A: It can‟t be him. He has gone to Shanghai. B: It must be Mr. Zhang. He looks like our headmaster. 7. Anna may know Tom‟s address. 8. They may be waiting at the station. 9. I may be going to Europe next year.
10．He may have gone abroad.
11. I‟m afraid I must be going now. 12. You must be hungry. Have something to eat. 13. They must be twins.
14. There‟s a lot noise from next door. They must be having party
a party.
15. I can‟t find him anywhere. He must have left.
16. I can‟t find my book. I must have left it at home. 17. You must have been thinking of something.
18. A: We went to Hainan for the winter vacation.
无时反义篇五
《一般将来时态和反义疑问句》
一般将来时态知识总结
一、一般将来时态的基本结构（谓语）。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
二、基本用法。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
三、常见时间状语。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
一。 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. —_____ you _____（be）here this Saturday?
—No. I ______（visit）my teacher.
2. The students _________ ( clean ) their classroom tomorrow.
3. She ________ ( go ) to the cinema with her classmates tomorrow evening.
4. There _________ ( be ) a meeting next Monday.
5. The _______ ( have ) an Engllish evening next week.
6. It _________ ( take) him half an hour to finish his homework tomorrow.
7. I ______（leave）in a minute. I ______（finish）all my work before I ______ （leave）.
8. I ______（be）tired. I ______（go）to bed early tonight.
9. Mary’s birthday is next Monday, her mother _____（give）her a present.
10. It is very cold these days. It ______（snow）soon.
二、单项选择。
( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
A. will be going to B. will going to be
C. is going to be D. will go to be
( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month.
A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working
C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work
( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.
A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be
( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.
A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be
( ) 5. ____ he _____ some shopping tomorrow?
A. Will, does B. Is, going to do B. Is, doing D. Shall, do
( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.
A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give
( ) 7. He _______ in his garden every morning next year.
A. will work B. works C. worked D. is working
( ) 8. Look at those clouds. It _____ soon, I'm afraid.
A. is going to rain B. is raining C. will rain D. won't rain
( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday?
A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are
( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting.
A. have B. will have C. had D. would have
( ) 11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.
A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to giving
( ) 12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there.
A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote
( ) 13. He ________ in three days.
A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back
( ) 14. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating.
A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. doesn’t fine
( ) 15. – Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow?
– No, ________ （不去）.
A. they willn’t. B. they won’t. C. they aren’t. D. they don’t.
( ) 16. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon?
A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go
( ) 17. We ________ the work this way next time.
A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing
( ) 18. Tomorrow he _______ a kite in the open air first, and then ________ boating in the park.
A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes
C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go
( ) 19. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match.
A. will watching B. watches C. is watching D. is going to watch
( ) 20. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday.
A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be
( ) 21. They ________ an English evening next Sunday.
A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have
( ) 22. ________ you ________ free next Sunday?
A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be
( ) 23. He ________ there at ten tomorrow morning.
A. will B. is C. will be D. be
( ) 24. ________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library?
A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow
C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows
( ) 25. The train ________ at 11.
A. going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is arriving
( ) 26. It ________ us a long time to learn English well.
A. takes B. will take C. spends D. will spend
三、句型转换。
1. He went there by plane.（some day next year）
2. There are two cinemas in that town. （next year）
3. He comes back late.（in two days）
4. She is a conductor of a train.（soon）
5. She didn’t speak English at the meeting.（before long）
6. I sometimes write to my mother in the evening.（tonight）
7. Do you study hard?（from now on）
8. China is a modern and strong country.（in twenty years）
反义疑问句知识总结
1. 结构：肯定句，助动词或be +not +主语
否定句，助动词或be +主语
2. 普通的陈述句：前肯后否；前后时态一致；前后助动词类型一致；前后人称
一致
3. 祈使句：前边是let’s , 后边提问用shall we ?；前边是其他动词原形开头的句
子，后边提问用 will you ?
4. 注意回答。
练习
将下列句子接上反意疑问句。
1. She goes to school on foot every day, ______________?
2. He is working in the field, ____________?
3. They didn’t go to the cinema yesterday, ____________?
4. Tommy will drive his car to Beijing, ____________?
5. Kate hasn’t bought the new skirt, ___________?
6. My pencil isn’t as long as yours, ___________?
7. Your father stayed at home last Sunday, _____________?
8. There is a monkey in the tree, ____________?
四、根据中文大意写出意思连贯，符合逻辑，不少于60词的英文文段，所给英文词语供选用。
每个家庭都有许多家务，人人都应该学做一些，谈谈经常帮父母做哪些家务，有什么体会，并打算在暑假为家里做些什么。
提示词语：every family , lots of housework , learn to do , help , parents , be \feel proud of
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
无时反义篇六
《中央广播电视大学2003》
中央广播电视大学2003—2004学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试
汉语言专业语言学概论试题
2004年1月
一、举例解释下列名词(每词4分，共20分)
1．语言符号的任意性
2．元音
3．语法范畴
4．意音文字
5．词语替换
二、填空(每空1分，共10分)
1· 学派。
2．中国、印度和
3．将音节[p‘an]中的辅音n换成辅音小原来的意思“盘”就变成了“旁”，这说明这两个辅音具有区别词的语音形式的作用，是 关系。
4． 是语法单位在相互组合中所产牛的表示结构关系的意义。
5 是词义的概括性特点的表现形式之—，它说明词义是没有阶级性的。
6．同义问“抢夺一抢劫”的区别
7．腓尼基字母向西向东发展，分成两支，向东发展产生了等。
8．
9．现代汉语有七大方盲，例如——以上海话作为代表。
lo．英语、法语、西班牙语都属于印欧语系，但语族不同，英浯属于
三、选择题(每小题2分，共lo分)
说明：每题只有一个正确答案，请将正确答案的字母序号填到题中括号里。
1．F列说法只有·( )是正确的。
A、符号的意义比符号的形式更加重要
B．C吾言和文字是人类最重要的交际工具
C .从音位到语素是语言分层装置里最关键的接合部
D．古人研究浯言，主要是研究口语，重视语言的现实运用
2．有甲乙两个声波图．甲声波比乙声波振动次数少，乙声声波比甲声波振幅小，因此( )
A．甲声音低，乙声音弱 H．甲声音高，乙声音弱
C．甲声音低。乙声音强 1)．甲卞菏弱，乙声音低
3·下列说法只有( )是正确的。
A、“红色”和“黑色”是绝对反义同
B．“老”和“少”是绝对对立的反义词
C“高”与“矮”这对反义词具有：非此即彼的关系
D．反义词“长”和“短”具有相对性’
4.下列说法( )说明汉字与汉语是基本适应的。
A．汉字表示音节，和语素特点比较一致
且汉字是意音文字，表示语素的音和义
C汉字是非拼音的文字，记录汉语方便
D．汉字的结构特点与语素的特点完全一致
5.下列各组词语，只有( )全是借词。 .
A复制 复写 电车 电灯
B．克隆 拷贝 沙发 扑克
c电影 电视 电脑 电动
D激光 极光 密月 话简
四、综合分析题(共20分)
1．指出下列各组音素的发音特征的区别。(6分)
①a—A
②k一K
③X—C
2 用严式国际音标给下面的汉字注意(4分)
说明：只写出每个音节的无音和辅音即可，不标明声调。
只 要 付 出 就 有 收 获
3、分析—F面句子的结构层次关系(6分)
坚 决 反 刘 进 口 破 坏 环 境 的 垃 圾 资 源
4、找出下而句子中的歧义句，然后变换为单义结构。(4分)
A喜欢的是夏天
B．观看的是话剧
C支持的是厂长
D讨厌的是天气
五、问答题(共40分)
1．语言是自然现象还是社会现象?为什么?(6分)
2．什么是语言符号的二层性?其核心是什么?举例说明。(6分)
3．什么是词缀?什么是词尾?二者有哪些区别?(8分)
4．什么是词义的模糊性?词义为什么有模糊性特点?(6分)
5．什么是语言发展的渐变性?为什么语言发展会有渐变性?(8分)
6．什么是共同语?什么是现代汉民族共同语?(6分)
中央广播电视大学2003—2004学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试
汉语言专业语言学概论试题答案及评分标准
(供参考)
2004年1月
一、举例解释名词(每小题4分，解释与举例各2分，共20分)
1．语言符号的任意性指语言的声音形式和意义内容的联系是任意性的，由社会成员约定
俗成，音义之间，没有必然的本质的联系。例如表示“大”这样意义，汉语用语音[td]表示，英语
用语音[big]表示。
2．发音：时，呼出气流不受阻碍而发出的音素，例如a、i、u都是元音。
3．语法范畴就是通过词的变化形式所表示的语法意义的聚合。例如“数”，英语通常是在
名词后面加词尾s表示复数。
4．，用表意和表音两种方法结合起来所创造的文字体系，字体结构中既有表示字义的成 分，又：有表示字音的成分。例如“鹅”，左边表音，右边表意，“松”，左边表意，右边表音。
5.词语替换就是改变现实现象的名称，而现实现象本身没有发生变化。例如用“炊事员” 代替“厨子”就是词语替换。
二、填空题(每空1分，共10分)
1．结构语言学
2．希腊一罗马
3．对立
4．语法意义
5.全民性
6．词义轻重
7．阿拉伯字母
8．社会发展变化
9．吴方言
10．日尔曼
三、选择题(每小题2分，共10分)
1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．B
四、分析题(20分)
1．指出下列各组音素的发音特征的区别。(每小题2分，共6分)
①舌位前后不同，a是舌面前音，。是舌面后音。
②发音方法不同，k是不送气音，K‘是送气音。
③发音部位不同，x是舌根音，c是舌面前音。
2．用严式国际音标给下面的汉字注意(4分)
3．分析下面句子的结构层次关系(6分)
4.找出下面句子中的歧义句，然后变换为单义结构。(4分)
有歧义的句子是“支持的是厂长”，其中“厂长”可以理解为施事也叮以理解为受事。 可作如下变换：
支持我们的是厂长。
我们支持的是厂长。
五、问答题(共40分)
1．①语言是社会现象，和人类社会有着十分紧密的联系，语言随社会的产生而产生，随社
会的发展而发展，随社会的分化统„而分化统一，可见，语言绝不是自然现象。(3分)
②从语言的音义关系可以看出语言不是自然现象，而是由，—定的社会集团约定俗成的．如
果语言是自然现象，是天生的，世界上的语言就应该是一样的，没有区别，而实际上世界上不但有各种各样的语言，还有众多的方言。(3分)
2．①语言符号的二层性是指语言是由音位层和音义结合的符号与符号的序列构成的分层装置。(2分)
②语言符号二层性的核心是以少驭多。在音位层，音位的数量只有数十个。从音位到语素，语素的数目达到数下个，而语素结合成词，数目量翻番达到数十万个，而词组合成句子则达到无穷。(4分)
3.①词缀是粘附在词根-亡构成新词的语素。词尾是附加在词的末尾，改变一个词
的形式的语素。(4分)
②词缀和词尾的区别：第一，位置不同，词缀可以在词根的后面，也可以在词根的前面，如英语。un在前”ness在后，词尾只有在词的末尾出现，如名词表示复数的s，动词后表示进行体的ing第二，，功能不同，词缀是构词活素，可以构成新词，词尾是变词语素，只能改变词的形式，不能构成新词。(4分)
4．①词义的模糊性指经过概括而形成的词汇意义，本身往往没有明确的外延，即词义指称的对象只是一个大致的范围。没有明确的边界。(2分)
②词义的模糊性产生的根源在于客观事物的复杂性，比如时间，实际上是连续的．没有起点也没有终点，我们认识时间，只有对这?{，现实现象进行大致的切分，例如“凌晨一早晨一上午——中午—下午”等，其界线实际上是模糊的。同时，人的主观认识水平的差异也是导致词义产生模糊性的原因，比如“咸一淡”、“大一小”，不同的人往往有不同的标准，不同的事物有不同的标准，难有一致的意见。<4分)
5.①渐变性是语言发展的——个重要特点，它指语言随着社会发展变化而发展变化，但语言不像社会变革那样会产生突变，而是逐渐发展变化的，具有相对稳定性。(4分)
②语言的发展变化之所以具有渐变性特点，这是由语言的社会功能所决定的，语言是人类
社会最重要的交际工具，是社会全体成员瓦相联系的纽带和桥梁，是人们须臾也离不开的，人们无时尤刻不使用语言，语言同社会的关系是如此密切，所以只有渐变。(4分)
G．①共同语是在——种方言的基础上形成的—‘个民族或一个国家通用的语言。<2分)
②现代汉民族的共同语就是普通话，它以北京语音为标准音，以北方话为基础方言，以典范的现代白话文著作为语法规范。(4分)
无时反义篇七
《第十二级》
周郎顾曲
[发音]zhōu láng gù qǔ
[释义]原指周瑜业于音乐。后泛指通音乐戏曲的人。
[出处]《三国志·吴书·周瑜传》：“瑜少精意于音乐，虽三爵之后，其有阙误，瑜必知之，知之必顾，故时有人谣曰：‘曲有误，周郎顾。’”
[示例]谁谓～之场，非即生公说法之地乎？(清·俞樾《余莲村劝善杂剧序》)
周情孔思
[发音]zhōu qíng kǒng sī
[释义]周公、孔子的思想感情。封建社会奉之为思想情操的楷模、典范。
[出处]唐·李汉《韩昌黎集序》：“日光玉洁，周情孔思。”
[示例]华表松枝向北寒，～楷模看。(清·钱彩《说岳全传》第六十一回)
周围神经
[发音]zhōu wéi shén jīng
[释义]分布在全身皮肤、肌肉、内脏等处的神经，由脑和脊髓所发出的许多神经构成，包括脑神经、脊髓神经和植物性神经，是身体各个器官与中枢神经联系的桥梁。
周恤
[发音]zhōu xù
[释义]〈书〉对别人表示同情并给予物质的帮助。
周延
[发音]zhōu yán
[释义]一个判断的主词（或宾词）所包括的是其全部外延，如在‘所有的物体都是运动的’这个判断中，主词（物体）是周延的，因为它说的是所有的物体。
周缘
[发音]zhōu yuán
[释义]周围的边缘：车轮的～叫轮辋。
周章
[发音]zhōu zhāng
[释义]〈书〉①仓皇惊恐：狼狈～|～失措。②周折；苦心：煞费～。
周至
[发音]zhōu zhì
[释义]（做事、思考）周到：叮咛～。
啁哳
[发音]zhāo zhā
[释义]〈书〉形容声音烦杂细碎。
粥少僧多
[发音]zhōu shǎo sēng duō
[释义]比喻东西少而人多，不够分配。
轴瓦
[发音]zhóu wǎ
[释义]滑动轴承和轴接触的部分，非常光滑，一般用减摩合金、塑料等制成。
轴子
[发音]zhóu zi
[释义]①安在字画的下端便于悬挂或卷起的圆杆儿。②弦乐器上系弦的小圆杆儿，用来调节音的高低。
肘腋
[发音]zhǒu yè
[释义]〈书〉胳膊肘儿和夹肢窝；〈比喻〉极近的地方（多用于祸患的发生）：变生～|～之患。
肘腋之患
[发音]zhǒu yè zhī huàn
[释义]肘腋：胳膊肘和夹肢窝，比喻极近的地方。产生于身边的祸患。
[出处]《三国志·蜀志·法正传》：“近则惧孙夫人生变于肘腋之下。”
[示例]这是～，不若我们先下手驱除了他。(清·陈忱《水浒后传》第五回)
肘腋之忧
[发音]zhǒu yè zhī yōu
[释义]肘腋：胳膊肘和胳肢窝，指贴身之处。比喻隐藏在身边的祸害。
肘子
[发音]zhǒu zi
[释义]①作为食物的猪腿的最上部。②（～儿）上臂和前臂相接处向外面突起的部分；胳膊肘儿：胳膊～。
纣棍
[发音]zhòu gùn
[释义]（～儿）系在驴马等尾下的横木，两端用绳子连着鞍子，防止鞍子往前滑。
咒天骂地
[发音]zhòu tiān mà dì
[释义]形容信口乱骂。
[示例]他脾气越发坏了，不是捶床拍枕，就是～。(清·曾朴《孽海花》第三回)
绉布
[发音]zhòu bù
[释义]织出皱纹的棉织品。
绉纱
[发音]zhòu shā
[释义]织出皱纹的丝织品，用起收缩作用的捻合线做纬线织成，质地坚牢，常用来做衣服、被面等。
昼耕夜诵
[发音]zhòu gēng yè sòng
[释义]白天耕种，夜晚读书。比喻读书勤奋。
[出处]《魏书·崔光传》：“家贫好学，昼耕夜诵，佣书以养父母。”
昼警暮巡
[发音]zhòu jǐng mù xún
[释义]白天黑夜警戒。比喻防范严密。
昼夜兼行
[发音]zhòu yè jiān xíng
[释义]兼：加倍。白天黑夜不停地行走。形容急速的赶路。亦作“昼夜兼程”。
[出处]清·吴璇《飞龙全传》第四十八回：“却说刘崇败走，与白从辉收集败残人马，只百十骑，昼夜兼行。”
酎金
[发音]zhòu jīn
[释义]〈书〉诸侯给皇帝的贡金，供祭祀之用。
皱襞
[发音]zhòu bì
[释义]〈书〉褶儿；皱纹。
皱胃
[发音]zhòu wèi
[释义]反刍动物胃的第四部分，内壁能分泌胃液。食物由重瓣胃进入皱胃，消化后进入肠管。
籀文
[发音]zhòu wén
[释义]〈古代〉一种字体，就是大篆。
朱陈之好
[发音]zhū chén zhī hǎo
[释义]表示两家结成姻亲。
[出处]唐·白居易《朱陈村》诗：“徐州古丰县，有村曰朱陈。……一村唯两姓，世世为婚姻。”
朱唇皓齿
[发音]zhū chún hào chǐ
[释义]鲜红的双唇，雪白的牙齿。形容容貌美丽。
[出处]战国·楚·屈原《大招》：“朱唇皓齿，嫭以姱只。”
[示例]拜辞了翠裙红袖簇，～扶。(元·张寿卿《金安寿》第三折)
朱干玉戚
[发音]zhū gān yù qī
[释义]干：盾；戚：斧。朱红的盾牌、玉饰的斧头。原为古时礼器。后也作为仪仗之用。
[出处]《礼记·明堂位》：“朱干玉戚，冕而舞《大武》。”
[示例]～，森耸以相参；龙旗豹韬，抑扬而相错。(明·冯梦龙《东周列国志》第四十一回)
朱阁青楼
[发音]zhū gé qīng lóu
[释义]指华美精致的建筑。
[出处]宋·苏辙《黄楼赋》：“掁臂长啸，风动云兴；朱阁青楼，舞女歌童。”
朱槿
[发音]zhū jǐn
[释义]落叶灌木，叶子阔卵形，先端尖，花红色，蒴果卵圆形。供观赏。
朱轮华毂
[发音]zhū lún huá gǔ
[释义]朱、华：形容装饰华丽；毂：车轮中心的圆木。指古代王侯贵族乘坐的装饰华丽的车子。比喻显贵。
[出处]《史记·张耳陈余列传》：“令范阳令乘朱轮华毂，使驱驰燕、赵郊。”
[示例]～，拥旄万里。(南朝·梁·丘迟《与陈伯之书》)
朱门
[发音]zhū mén
[释义]红漆的大门，旧时指豪富人家：～酒肉臭。
[反义]寒舍
朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨
[发音]zhū mén jiǔ ròu chòu，lù yǒu dòng sǐ gǔ
[释义]富贵人家酒肉多得吃不完而腐臭，穷人门却在街头因冻饿而死。形容贫富悬殊的社会现象。
[出处]唐·杜甫《自京赴奉先咏怀五百字》诗：“朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨。”
朱门绣户
[发音]zhū mén xiù hù
[释义]朱门：红漆大门；绣户：雕绘华美的门户。比喻富贵人家妇女的住处。也借指富贵人家。
[出处]清·蒲松龄《聊斋志异·封三娘》：“娘子朱门绣刻户，妾素无葭莩亲，虑致讥嫌。”
朱墨
[发音]zhū mò
[释义]①红黑两色：～加批|～套印。②用朱砂制成的墨。
朱鸟
[发音]zhū niǎo
[释义]①二十八宿中南方七宿的合称。②〈道教〉所奉的南方的神。
朱槃玉敦
[发音]zhū pán yù dūn
[释义]珠槃：用珍珠装饰的盘子；玉敦：玉制的盛器。特指古代天子、诸侯歃血为盟时所用的礼器。
[出处]《周礼·天官·玉府》：“若合诸侯，则共珠槃玉敦。”
[示例]说不定国王还要歃血为盟呢，～的准备也是不可少的。(郭沫若《屈原》第二幕)
朱批
[发音]zhū pī
[释义]用朱笔写的批语。
朱漆
[发音]zhū qī
[释义]红漆：～大门|～家具。
朱文
[发音]zhū wén
[释义]印章上的阳文（跟‘白文’相对）。
朱衣点头
[发音]zhū yī diǎn tóu
[释义]旧称被考试官看中。
[出处]明·陈耀文《天中记》卷三十八引《侯鲭录》：“欧阳修知贡举日，每遇考试卷，坐后常觉一朱衣人时复点头，然后其文入格。……因语其事于同列，为之三叹。尝有句云：‘唯愿朱衣一点头。’”
朱衣使者
[发音]zhū yī shǐ zhě
[释义]指科举考试官。
[出处]明·陈耀文《天中记》卷三十八引《侯鲭录》：“欧阳修知贡举日，每遇考试卷，坐后常觉一朱衣人时复点头，然后其文入格。……因语其事于同列，为之三叹。尝有句云：‘唯愿朱衣一点头。’”
[示例]～，宋人诗中屡见，亦言试官也。(清·梁章钜《称谓录》)
侏儒观戏
[发音]zhū rǔ guān xì
[释义]比喻自己没有主见，只是跟着别人说。