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高 1英语必修3课文翻译 Module1
欧洲的大城市 巴黎
巴黎是法国的首都，也是法国最大的城市，坐落在塞纳河畔。它是世界上最美丽的城市之一，每年有八百多万游客前来参观。最受游客欢迎的旅游景点是埃菲尔铁塔，它是巴黎著名的象征。世界上最大的艺术博物馆之一——卢浮宫——也位于巴黎。这个城市也以餐馆、咖啡馆和剧院而闻名。Module2
人类发展报告 在2000年，来自世界各国的147位领导人一致同意共同努力到2015年或在更早的时间减少贫困。由此产生了人类发展报告。
这份报告一个最重要的部分是人类发展指标。它审阅了175个国家的发展成就。指标从三个方面衡量一个国家的成就：寿命、教育和收入。这项指标显示了一些令人意外的情况。挪威高居榜首，而美国则排在第七。位于前五位的其他国家是：冰岛（2），瑞典（3）澳大利亚（4）荷兰（5）。英法国约三分之二的艺术家和作家住在巴黎。 巴塞罗那
巴塞罗那是西班牙第二大城市，位于（西班牙的）东北海岸线上，距离首都马德里东部五百公里处。巴塞罗那最有名的标志性建筑之一是圣家大教堂，由建筑家安东尼奥·高迪设计。高迪从1882年起从事这项工程直至1926年逝世。至今教堂还没完工。 佛罗伦萨
佛罗伦萨是一座因文艺复兴而闻名的意大利城市，这场艺术运动始于14世纪并且延续了300年。在文艺复兴时期，历史上一些最伟大的画家在佛罗伦萨生活和工作。佛罗伦萨许多最美的画作和雕像都出自于莱奥纳多·达·芬奇和米开朗琪罗这样的艺术大师。佛罗伦萨每年大约有一百万旅游者来访，他们都是来参观艺术馆，教堂和博物馆的。其中乌飞齐美术馆最为著名。 雅典
希腊是希腊的首都，作为西方文明的发祥地而闻名于世。2400年前，它是世界上最强大的城市。一些诸如雅典卫城山上的巴特农神庙那样的建筑都是在这段时期建造的。希腊最为著名的作家就居住在古雅典。他们的作品影响了后世的作家。
欧盟
什么是欧盟呢？
欧盟是欧洲国家的一个组织。各个国家都是独立的而且管理方式也不同。例如，在联合王国（英国），国家的首脑是国王或女王。另一方面，在法国，国家的首脑却是总统。但是每个国家都向欧洲议会驻派代表，来控制在每个成员国所发生的事情。
欧盟是怎样创建的呢？
创建欧盟的想法是在20世纪50年代开始的。最初的成员国为法国、德国、比利时、卢森堡、荷兰和意大利。在20世纪的下半叶，成员国逐渐增加。到2000年为止，已经有15个成员国。这些新的国家是奥地利、丹麦、芬兰、希腊、爱尔兰、葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞典和联合王国。
现在有多少国家属于欧盟呢？
在2004年，欧盟的成员国增加到了25个。捷克共和国、爱沙尼亚、匈牙利、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、波兰、斯洛伐克共和国和斯洛文尼亚，还有地中海的岛国塞浦路斯和马耳他都成为成员国。扩大的欧盟人口达到5亿多，是美国人口的2倍。
国位居第十三位，而中国处于中等地位。处于末端的十个国家均是非洲国家，塞拉利昂（西非）排在最后。
报告描述了八个发展目标。其中最重要的是： 减少贫穷和饥饿；
确保所有儿童11岁之前都能接受教育； 对抗艾滋病和其他疾病；
改善穷苦人民的环境，例如，确保他们有安全饮用水； 鼓励发达国家给予其他国家更多的帮助。
2003年人类发展报告列举了一些成功发展的例子。譬如，在九年（1953-1962）的时间里，中国的人均寿命增加了13岁。过去的十年之内，中国有1.5亿人脱贫。然而，挑战仍很严峻。在发展中国家，每天有7.99亿人在挨饿。其中一半以上的人来自南亚或非洲。虽然发展中国家80%以上的儿童能上小学，但仍有1.15亿的孩子得不到教育。发展中国家里十多亿的人喝不上安全的饮用水。当然在世界的其它地方，例如东欧，现在的饮用水大多是安全的。
报告显示我们正在进步，但是我们必须做出更大的努力。虽然发达国家提供了一些经济援助，但是提供援助的数量应该大大增加。有趣的是，捐钱最多的国家是荷兰、挪威和瑞典。它们都属于世界上五个最富的国家，所以他们这样做是合情合理的。
友好城市
英国的牛津和法国的格勒诺布尔在哪些地方相似呢？嗯，它们都是人口在十万到二十万之间的中等大小城市。它们都有一些大学和工业。旅游业对它们来说都很重要，在地区上它们都靠近一些美丽的乡村。但是它们还共享一些别的东西：它们之间有一个缔结友好城市的协议。
缔结友好城市新的想法，然而它在近年来变得更受欢迎的原因是现在人们可以更容易地找到有关其他国家和城镇的信息并去参观这些国家和城镇。这个协议是在两个城镇之间有相似的特征，例如旅游业、工业、文化和娱乐等方面。
友好城市协议鼓励两个城镇的人们互相进行交流访问。学校之间、戏剧团体之间还有运动团体之间都可以进行参观和交流。来自于外国城镇的访问者通常住在他们所访问的城镇居民家里。人们通常会为访问者举行一个大型的聚会。
友好城市协议可能对于那些想练习讲另一种语言的学生和人们来说是最有用的。这是因为和一个外国家庭在一起生活一两周就意味着你必须讲他们的语言，这样你的水平就会提高很快。
Module3
什么是龙卷风？
龙卷风是指一个从空中的雷暴延伸到地面而生成的旋转气柱。最厉害的一次风速达到每小时400公里。几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国，从东南部的德克萨斯州直到北部的南达科他州。 龙卷风能卷起汽车、火车甚至房子，把它们卷到旁边的街道——甚至能卷到邻近的城镇。龙卷风可以卷走猫背上的皮毛、鸡身上的羽毛。它们能毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。 平均来说，美国每年发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡、1,500人受伤。最恶劣的一场龙卷风发生在1925年，波及到了美国的三个州：密苏里州、伊利诺斯州和印第安纳州。等到风停时，已有700多人死Module 4亚洲的沙尘暴
几百年以来，沙尘暴一直是许多亚洲国家面临的主要灾难。科学家尝试过多种方法解决这个问题，在中国，也发动了群众运动来对付沙尘暴。
沙尘暴是夹带沙尘的强烈而干躁的风。沙尘暴夹带的沙尘含量常常很大以致于可以遮天蔽日。风力强大时可以搬动沙丘。世界上沙尘暴发生的四个主要地区是中亚、北美、中非和澳大利亚。来自内蒙的任建波是这样来描述他小时候遭遇的一次沙尘暴的：“遇上沙尘暴是一个可怕的经历，”他说，“你一点办法也没有。那是我所遭遇过的最可怕、最危险的境况。你只能祈求会活下来。那时候我觉得我会消失在沙尘下。”
亡，2,700多人受伤。 什么是飓风？
飓风是强劲的热带风暴，通常发生在南大西洋、加勒比海和墨西哥海湾。飓风发生时，风暴速度达到每小时120公里或者更快，引发巨浪、暴雨和洪灾。每年平均有六次大西洋飓风，通常会影响到从得克萨斯州到缅因州的美国东部海岸。
最恶劣的一次飓风于1900年9月8日发生在德克萨斯州加尔维斯顿。时速高达200公里的狂风和五米高的巨浪袭击了加尔维斯顿城。37,000人口中有6,000人遇难，3,600幢大楼被摧毁。 一个离奇的事件
这是关于1900年加尔维斯顿飓风的故事。
查尔斯·科格伦是十九世纪一位定居加拿大的爱尔兰演员。后来他移居纽约，并在那里获得了成功。19世纪90年代后期，他迁居加尔维斯顿，直到1899年在那里去世，也就是飓风袭击的前一年。掩埋科格伦的公墓被飓风所摧毁，他的棺材最后被卷入了大海。
八年后，渔民们在位于加拿大东部爱德华王子岛他家附近发现了他的棺材。墨西哥湾流沿着美国东海岸把它（棺材）一直带到爱德华王子岛，行程3,000公里。埋葬于德克萨斯州的查尔斯·科格伦又回到了加拿大。
太平洋周围的地震
全世界每天大约发生400次地震，一年大约十多万次地震。
中国位于世界上最活跃的一个地震带上并且那里已经发生了多次严重的地震。最严重的一次地震发生在1556年陕西省的华县。这次地震影响了中国中部的八个省，涉及了800平方千米的地区。在一些地区，60%的人口死亡。总计，有83万人丧生。
1906年4月18日发生在加利福尼亚的地震是美国历史上最严重的一次地震。它在凌晨5点15分开始，仅持续了1分钟。然而，它却引发了这个国家历史上最严重的自然灾害。
加利福尼亚地震所引起的火灾造成了最大的破坏。这场火燃烧了3天，总共毁掉了二万五千座大楼。旧金山有大约500人死亡，25万人无家可归。在这个加利福尼亚，地震和火灾导致3,000人死亡。
1906年的地震由圣安德烈亚斯断层的运动引起的。一百年后，圣安德烈亚斯断层的运动持续给整个加利福尼亚带来问题。
中国的西北地区是中亚沙尘暴中心的一部分。沙尘暴发端于沙漠地区。因“荒漠化”越发严重，中国近年来发生沙尘暴的次数明显增加了。这是由于气候变化和人们伐树挖草，使土地变成荒漠后产生的一种作用。
沙尘暴有时候会影响北京。居民醒来时，看到昏黄的天空，狂风夹着黄沙在城里肆虐。暴风有时持续一整天，车辆开得很慢，因为浓浓的尘埃降低了能见度。
中国中央气象站能在沙尘暴到达北京前几周预报沙尘暴，但沙尘暴的力量有时很惊人。沙尘暴到来时，气象专家建议人们不要外出。家住北京的黄小梅说：“在沙尘暴中骑车真可怕。风力很强，呼吸困难，沙尘使人难受。所以要出门，最好带上口罩。”
沙漠离北京西境只有250公里。为阻止沙漠的逼近，政府已经开始植树。政府已经种了300亿棵树，并准备在未来的五年里继续种植。
绿色行动
一些国家对环境的保护要好于其他国家。在欧洲，德国和北欧国家非常努力地改善环境。在一些国家，例如德国，人们把垃圾放在不同的袋子里——纸放在一个袋子中，塑料放在另一个袋子中，等等。然后垃圾被运走，如果可能的话，被循环利用。在冰箱和气榕胶罐里发现的氟氯碳化学元素都被禁止了。也有法律禁止人们燃烧太多的煤。
在20世纪70年代，当人们对于环境问题了解得更多的时候，“绿色”行动就开始了，不久便遍布整个欧洲。“绿色”行动试图使各国政府认真考虑环境问题以及如何去保护环境。它搜集关于工业破坏环境的信息，并把这些信息提供给社会。
Module 5中国古代的哲学家
古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。但那也是一个产生了许多哲学家的时期。孔子（公元前551—公元前479）是影响最大的哲学家。他强调了仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。中国社会受这些思想的影响达2000多年之久。
孟子是一位思想家，他的理论和孔子的理论很相似。孟子生于公元前372年。父亲在他年幼时Module 6
三峡大坝
毛泽东写过一首词，在词中，他想象了“更立西江石壁，截断巫山云雨，高峡出平湖”的壮丽景观。如今，他的理想变成了现实。三峡大坝制伏了世界第三大河流——长江的激流。 修建三峡大坝是自修筑长城和开凿大运河以来中国最大的建筑工程，它控制了长江的洪灾并为去世，母亲把他抚养成人。他学习了孔子的学说，后来在一个诸侯国的政府内居要职。但是，当他看到统治者不采纳他的意见时， 就辞去了官职。许多年来，他周游列国，传授孔子的思想，后来成为另一位统治者的谋士。他晚年写了一本介绍他思想的书，名为《孟子》。孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。他告诫人们，假若政府仁慈，人民就会有善行。他认为人民比政府更重要，憎恨对人民残暴的政权。
墨子是又一位极具影响力的先哲。他生于公元前476年，出身贫寒。他因不修边幅行为怪异而闻名。墨子创立了墨家学说。他的学说在某些方面和孔子学说很相似。例如，他认为政府很重要。因此，他花了许多年的时间，寻找一个人们愿意遵从他思想的国家。墨子认为，人生来平等。他的仁爱思想与孔子不同。墨子告诫人们要博爱，要帮助弱者。他憎恨战争。墨子死于公元前390年。
工业革命
18世纪后期的欧洲社会发生了一次重大变革。这个变革被称为“工业革命”。截至到那时，欧洲一直都是以农业社会为主。随着工业革命的到来，工厂出现了，并且批量生产第一次成为可能。工厂都建在城镇，结果城镇的人口大量增加了。
这些变化由于有了像蒸汽机这样的发明而成为可能。蒸汽机是1769年由詹姆斯·瓦特发明的，并且成为工业革命期间最主要的能量来源。最初，蒸汽机是在采矿时使用的，但是很快就被用在工厂和铁路上了。在工业革命期间，工厂主比农场主力量更强大。成千上万的人离开乡村去城市工作。工厂的工人们经常生活在艰苦拥挤的环境中，从1830年到20世纪早期，工业革命遍及了整个欧洲和美国，然后又蔓延到日本等其他一些国家。
我国中部地区提供电力。大坝高度接近200米，宽1500米。它是世界上最大的水力发电站和大坝，造价超过历史上的任何一项工程。
早在1919年，领导了辛亥革命的孙逸仙（中山）先生就首次提出了要在长江修筑大坝的设想。中国四分之三的能量是通过燃煤获得的。1993年，中国燃掉了12亿吨煤用于供热和发电。不幸的是，燃煤造成了严重的大气污染，加剧了全球变暖。大坝将要生产相当于燃烧4000万吨煤所产生的电量，但却不会造成那么严重的空气污染。
水库淹没了两个城市、11个县、140个镇和4000多座村庄。生活在这些地区的100多万人已经搬迁了。现在，他们在不同的地区幸福地生活着。
三峡是中国风光最美丽的地区之一。由于大坝工程，一些著名的历史遗迹被水淹没，包括屈原庙、汉瞭望塔和摩崖石刻。大约800多处历史遗迹已被淹没。其中有一部分被转移，还有一部分被博物馆收藏。
纽约的帝国大厦
世界上大部分最高的建筑物都建于20世纪90年代和21世纪，但是美国最高的两座大楼却建得比这早很多。事实上，美国的第二高楼的历史已经超过75年了！
帝国大厦建于1931年5月，是当时世界上最高的建筑物。直到1972年纽约的世贸中心被建起之前，帝国大厦一直是世界上最高的建筑物。世贸中心的姊妹塔高达417米和415米，但是这两座建筑在2001年9月被毁掉了。
关于帝国大厦的资料：
·建造大厦用了1000万块砖。 ·共有6500个窗户。
·在晴朗的天气里，你可以从顶部的观察台上看见美国的五个州。 ·帝国大厦每年遭受约500次雷电袭击。
·1945年，一架在雾天飞跃曼哈顿上空的美国军用飞机撞进大厦的第78层。
外研社高一必修3英语听力原文 Module One (Page 6)
Carlos: Hello, my name is Carlos and I'm from Spain. Helen: Hi, Carlos. I'm Helen.
Amy: And my name is Amy. Pleased to meet you. Carlos: Are you English?
Helen: No! Neither of us is English.
Amy: Helen's from Scotland and I'm from Wales.
Carlos: Really? So, Helen, where do you live in Scotland? Helen: In Edinburgh.
Carlos: Edinburgh. Nice, that's the capital of Scotland, isn't it? Helen: Yes, it is.
Carlos: And Amy, you're from Wales. Amy: That's right.
Carlos: That's west of England, isn't it?
Amy: Yes, it is. It's a separate country and it's to the west of England. Carlos: And where in Wales do you live? Amy: Well, my family lives in Cardiff.
Carlos: Cardiff? I've never heard of Cardiff. Is it a big city? Amy: Yes, it is! It's the capital! Carlos: Oh, I'm so sorry! Amy: That's all right.
Carlos: There are so many capital cities in the United Kingdom.
Helen: Yes, Scotland and Wales are separate countries. And each of them has a capital city.
Carlos: So what are you doing here in London? Helen: We're students.
Carlos: What are you studying? Helen: Languages. Carlos: Which ones?
Helen: Well, there are about 60 students in the class, and all of them are studying at least two languages. I'm studying French and Chinese.
Amy: And I'm studying German and Russian.
Carlos: So neither of you is studying Spanish.
Amy: No, sorry. In fact, none of the students in our class is studying Spanish. Carlos: Oh. That's sad.
Helen: Where in Spain do you live? Carlos: In Valencia.
Amy: Valencia? Whereabouts is that?
Carlos: It's on the east coast. It's about 200 kilometers south of Barcelona. Amy: I see. Is it a big city? Carlos: Yes. Quite big. Amy: What's it like?
Carlos: It's a wonderful place. And our soccer team is fantastic. Helen: What kind of work do people do there? Carlos: Well, a lot of them work in tourism.
Helen: Really? And what are you doing here in London?
Carlos: Well, I'm studying English at university, so I'm here for a month. Amy: Really? That's nice.
Carlos: Yes. In fact, my whole class is coming. Helen: How many students are there in the class?
Carlos: Forty-seven. But none of them has arrived yet!
Module 2
Lingling: Is this your first time in Beijing, Richard? Richard: Yes, it is.
Lingling: How do you find it?
Richard: It's totally fascinating. It's so different from Sydney, where I live. Lingling: Now I'm fascinated. Tell me about the differences, as you see them. Richard: Well, Sydney's a younger city than Beijing. Beijing has a lot more inhabitants and ismuch more crowded.
Lingling: Yes, we certainly have a huge population, like most Chinese cities.
Richard: It's very exciting, as a result. And there's so much construction going on. Lingling: I know, we're growing very fast. For example, I don't think we have as many freeways as Sydney does, but we soon will!
Richard: I believe you! I think there are fewer tourists in Beijing-at least for now. And I get the feeling that Beijing's less dangerous.【高中英语听力必修三外研版】
Lingling: Yes, there's probably a lot less crime here.
Richard: What about the climate? I think Sydney has less rain. Lingling: Yes, we can get a lot of rain in July and August. Richard: I've noticed! It's pouring at the moment!
Lingling: The good thing about the rain, of course, is that it washes the pollution
away.
Richard: I've noticed that too. We don't have as much pollution as you do.
Lingling: That's because you have less industry. The air can get quite polluted here...Ok, so that covers a lot of the differences. But are there any similarities?
Richard: Oh yes...for example, I notice the wealth and the energy. Lingling: Sorry, I didn't get that. Richard: The wealth and energy. I think there are as many rich people here as in Sydney... and I think your city is just as lively as mine.
Lingling: That's good to hear. So shall we go out this evening and find some of the action?
Module 3
Reporter: I'm standing in the centre of Plymouth, the capital of Montserrat, where just one week ago, a volcanic eruption took place. With me is Frank Savage, the governor of the island. Mr Savage, thank you for talking to us.
Savage: You're welcome.
Reporter: What exactly happened last week?
Savage: Well, the volcano erupted, and ash and lava poured down the mountain towards the sea. Unfortunately, there are several villages in its path.
Reporter: That's terrible. Was anybody hurt?
Savage: No. Luckily, we had plenty of warning and I told people who lived in the path of the ash and lava to leave the island. We managed to get half the population to another island before the eruption took place.
Reporter: Why are you still here?
Savage: Well, I'm still working because there's a lot to do. Reporter: How many people live on the island?
Savage: Eleven thousand people live here and about six thousand people have left. Reporter: Which areas are the most dangerous?
Savage: Well, the most dangerous places are between the volcano and the sea. There are a lot of villages there. And it was very dangerous. Sadly, hundreds of houses caught fire when the lava reached them.
Reporter: Oh, I'm very sorry to hear that. Savage: Thankfully, no one was killed. Reporter: Are the houses still on fire?
Savage: No. Fortunately, we put all the fires out quite quickly.5Reporter: That's very good news. Well, it's a beautiful sunny day here in Plymouth. Does this mean that the danger
is over?
Savage: No! The volcano could erupt again! People must understand that it is still very dangerous and they can't go back to their houses.
Reporter: OK-so that's the message from the governor -don't go back to your houses. When will people be able to return home?
Savage: We don't know at the moment. Hopefully, it won't be too long. Reporter: Thank you for your time, Mr Savage. Savage: Thank you.
Module 4 (int=interviewer)
Int: David, what do you see as the main problems with the environment?
D.U: Well, in a nutshell, the most urgent problem of all is the climate. The world's climate seems to be getting warmer.
Int: We've seen a lot of evidence of that, haven't we? Hotter summers, warmer winters, that kind of thing.
D.U: Yes, we have. Also, scientists have found that the ice at the Poles is beginning to melt.
Int: We've heard that too. Is that really happening?
D.U: Yes, I'm afraid it is. And at sometime in the future, the ice may completely. Then it's possible that the sea could rise and coastal cities like New York and Shanghai could disappear under water.
Int: It sounds very frightening.
D.U: I couldn't agree with you more. It's scary!
Int: Can you explain why the climate's getting warmer?
D.U: Well, I'll do my best! It's pollution that's the problem. Gases from cars enter the atmosphere and stop the sun's heat from leaving the atmosphere. And factories give out chemicals that do the same thing. So as a result, the climate is getting warmer.
Int: From what I understand, carbon dioxide from cars is a major problem.
D.U: You're absolutely right. Carbon dioxide is the gas that does most damage to the atmosphere. But we have a problem with trees too. You see, trees give out oxygen and take in carbon dioxide. So they're very useful because they use up the carbon dioxide.
Int: I know what you're going to say. We're cutting down all the trees.
D.U: Yes, we cut them down because we need the land and because we use the wood for paper and furniture. That leaves more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Int: It's a terrible situation.
D.U: Yes, and another problem is all the garbage that we produce. We burn a lot of
外研版高中英语必修三 课文
3.1 Great European Cities
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city of France, situated on the River Seine. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris. One of the world's largest art galleries, the Louvre, is also located in Paris. The city is also famous for its restaurants, cafés and theatres. About two-thirds of France's artists and writers live in Paris.
Barcelona
Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is situated on the northeast coast, about five hundred kilometres east of the Spanish capital, Madrid. One of Barcelona's most famous landmarks is the Church of the Sagrada Familia, which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi. Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926. The church hasn't been finished yet!
Florence
Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years. During the Renaissance, some of the greatest painters of all time lived and worked in Florence. Many of Florence's most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Florence is visited each year by about a million tourists who come to see the art galleries, churches and museums. The Uffizi Palace is the most famous art gallery in the city.
Athens
Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western civilisation. Two thousand four hundred years ago, it was the world's most powerful city. Buildings such as the Parthenon on the Acropolis Hill
were built during this period. Greece's best writers lived in ancient Athens. Their works has influenced other writers ever since.
3.2 The Human Development Report
In the year 2000, 147 world leaders agreed to work together to reduce poverty by 2015 or earlier. From this agreement came the Human Development Report. One of the most important sections of this report is The Human Development Index. This examines the achievements of 175 countries. The index measures a country's achievements in three ways: life expectancy (how long people usually live), education and income. The index has some surprises. Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7. The other top five countries are: Iceland
(2), Sweden (3), Australia (4), the Netherlands (5). The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list. The bottom ten countries are all African countries, with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list.
The report describes eight development goals. The most important goals are to:
•
•
•
•
• reduce poverty and hunger; make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11; fight AIDS and other diseases; improve the environment of poor people, e.g. make sure they have safe drinking water; encourage developed countries to give more help to other countries.
The 2003 Human Development Report gives examples of successful development. For example, in nine years (1953–1962), China increased life expectancy by 13 years. In the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of poverty. However, the challenges are still great. Every day 799 million people in developing countries are hungry. Over half of these are in South Asia or Africa. Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated. More than 1 billion people in developing countries do not drink safe water. However, in other regions of the world, e.g. Eastern Europe, water is now mostly safe to drink.
The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts. Although developed countries give some financial help, they need to give much more. Interestingly, the countries that give the most money
are the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it is right that they should do so.
3.3 The Violence of Nature
What Is a Tornado?
A tornado is a rotating column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground. The most violent have winds of more than 400 kilometres per hour. Almost all of them occur in the US, in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.
Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street—or even in the next town. They can take the fur off the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken. They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries. The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925, affecting three US states: Missouri, Illinois and Indiana. By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.
What Is a Hurricane?
Hurricanes are strong tropical storms, and they usually occur in the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. There are violent winds of 120 kilometres per hour or more, which cause huge waves, heavy rain and floods. There are on average six Atlantic hurricanes each year and they usually affect the east coast of the US from Texas to Maine.
The worst hurricane disaster of all time occurred on the 8th September 1900 in Galveston, Texas. Winds of 200 kilometres per hour and five-metre-high waves hit the city. The disaster killed 6,000 people in a population of 37,000 and destroyed 3,600 buildings.
An Extraordinary Event
This is a story about the 1900 Galveston hurricane.
Charles Coghlan was a nineteenth-century Irish actor who went to live in Canada. He then moved to New York, where he became famous. By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck. The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan's coffin ended up in the sea.
Eight years later, the coffin was found by fishermen in the sea near his home on
Prince Edward Island in the east of Canada. The Gulf Stream had carried it 3,000 kilometres up the eastern US coast to Prince Edward Island. Coghlan travelled back to Canada—after he had been buried in Texas.
3.4 Sandstorms in Asia
Sandstorms have been a major disaster for many Asian countries for centuries. Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started to help solve it.
Sandstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand. They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes. The four main places in the world where there are sandstorms are Central Asia, North America, Central Africa and Australia. Ren Jianbo, from Inner Mongolia described a terrible sandstorm he experienced as a child in the desert. "To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience," he said. "There was nothing to be done. It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation I've ever been in. You just had to hope you'd survive. I thought I was going to disappear under the sand."
Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia. Sandstorms begin in desert areas. Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of "desertification". This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.
Sandstorms sometimes affect Beijing. Citizens wake up to an orange sky and strong winds that cover the city in a thick, brown-yellow dust. The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.
The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing, but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people. When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out. Huang Xiaomei, who lives in Beijing says, "To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening. The winds are very strong. It's difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill. So if you want to go out, you'd better wear a mask."
The desert is only 250 kilometres away to the west of Beijing. To
prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees. Already the government has planted more than 30 billion trees and plans to continue planting for the next five years.
3.5 Philosophers of Ancient China
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers. Confucius (551 BC–479 BC) is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest. He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society. Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2,000 years.
Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius. Mencius was born in 372 BC. His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother. He became a student of Confucius's ideas, and was then given an important position in the government of a state. However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice, he resigned. For many years he travelled from state to state, teaching the principles of Confucius. He then became an adviser to another ruler. He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius. Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. He taught that if the government was kind, then people would be good. He believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly.
Mozi was another teacher who was very influential. Born in 476 BC, he came from a family which was very poor. He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour. Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism. In some ways, his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius. For example, he considered that government was most important. As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings. Mozi believed that all men were equal. His idea of
必修三Module 1
⒈be located/ situated ( on/ in / to…) = lie/ stand (on/ in/ to)
位于…的；坐落于…的；处于…地位（状态的）
⑴我们学校坐落于一个美丽的地方，周围有青山绿水环绕。
Our school is situated in the beautiful place, with green mountains and clear rivers around.
◆ situation n. 立场；局势；形势
in a …situation 处于….状况中；在…形势下
1). In the present situation, I wouldn‟t advise you to sell your house. 在目前的形势下，…
2). You‟re putting me in a very embarrassing situation. 你使我处于非常尴尬的境地。
3). With no rain for three months and food supplies running out, the situation here is getting worse.
三个月无雨，食品供应也将消耗殆尽，这里情况越来越糟糕了。
⒉face
1). face up to 勇敢面对（接受并处理）
(be) faced with 面对；面临
face (to the) south/north/east/west 面朝南/北/东/西
2). face to face 面对面(地)
in (the) face of 面对；在…面前
make a face at 向…做鬼脸
save/lose face 保全/丢面子 to one‟s face 当着某人的面
stare sb. in the face 盯着某人
turn red in the face 涨红了脸
ed形式,be 去掉）
be faced with； be compared with
be seated； be hidden；
be lost / absorbed/occupied in
be abandoned/ addicted to（沉溺于）；
be born； be dressed ； be tired of （厌烦）等
⒊表示 “某物在哪个方向”可用 south/north/east/west等，构成以下几种表达方式。
(1). …is in the south of 在…的南部（在内部）
…is on the south of 在…的南边（接壤）
…is to the south of 在…以南（在外部）
…is south of 在…的南部（不指明在内部还是外部）
(2). 把表示方位、地点的介词或副词短语放在句首，句子用完全倒装语序。
①.Jiangsu is on the south of Shandong.
South of Shandong is Jiangsu.
②.East of our school lies a railway.
⒋倍数表示法：
as…as
◎A is …↓… (more than) times -er than B
倍数 size, length, height, weight…
⒌主谓一致
⑴三原则：
①语法一致的原则：
语法一致的原则是指主语为单、复数与谓语动词要相呼应。但要注意一些特殊情况；
1）以along with, together with, with, as well as, accompanied by, rather than, but, except 连接的两个主语，其谓语的单复数以第一个主语为主。例如：
Several passengers, together with the driver, were hurt.
2）表示时间，重量，长度，价格等的复数名词，作主语从整体来看时，谓语动词用单数。例如：Fifty years is not a long time.
3） 非谓语动词，从句或其他短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：Early to bed and early to rise is healthful.
4）如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词，但前面有each, every, no 等词修饰时，谓语用单数。例如： Every boy and girl in this region is taught to read and write.
②意义一致的原则：
意义一致的原则指谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志，主要表现为某些集体名词后可跟动词单数或复数。如果这些集体名词指整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；指具体成员时用复数。例如：The population of the earth is increasing very fast.
类似这样的集体名词有： family, class, audience, committee （委员会）, crowd, crew, group, party, population, team, public, council （理事会）, village等。
③就近原则：
所谓就近原则是指谓语动词单复数取决于离它最近的词语，而无须考虑其他的词。
1） 以either…or, or, neither…nor和not only…but also连接的两个主语，其谓语的单复数形式应与离谓语最近的主语保持一致。例如：Either you or he has to go there with me.
2） 由there或here引起的主语，而又不止是一个时，采取就近原则。例如：
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.
谓语动词用单数的情况：
必修三Module2
1. till ：直到
be fit for ：胜任
be busy in doing sth ：忙着做…
be up to sb=be left to sb to decide ：由…决定/ 负责
1）I can take up to four people in my car. 我的汽车最多能做四个人
2）I have never heard from her up to now. 我至今也没有她的音讯。
3）What‟s he up to ? 他在忙什么？
4) It‟s up to you to decide where we go for a picnic.
由你决定我们应去哪儿野餐。
5）李平不能胜任他的工作。6)这个帐篷至多能睡十人。Up to ten people can sleep in this tent.
2. measure
measure sth in/by sth用···来衡量，用···来计算
take measures to do采取措施做某事
1）People in Los Angels measure distance in time, not miles.翻译
洛杉矶人用时间来计算（两地）距离而不是用英里数。
2）The Chinese government is taking effective measuresto develop the economy. 中国政府正在采取强有力的措施来发展经济。
3. sure
1) make sure表示“务必”，“确信”，“弄明白”，后面常接 of/about sth.或that引导的宾语从句。
Make sure(that) you will arrive there on time. 你务必准时到这。
I know there‟s a train this afternoon, but I must make sure of the time. 我知道今天下午有列火车，但我必须弄清楚(发车)时间。
2）be sure of, be sure that 对···有把握，对···确定，确信
Can we be sure of his honesty. /Can we be sure that he is honest? 我们能相信他是诚实的？
I‟m sure of winning the game. 我有把握能赢得比赛。
3) be sure to do 说话人推测主语“一定；必然会”或 (常用于祈使句)务必做某事 He is sure to be back soon. 他一定会很快回来。
Be sure not to forget it. 千万别忘了。
注意：be sure of 与be sure to do的区别：
①.He is sure of his success. =He is sure that he will succeed. 他确信他会成功。 ②.He is sure to succeed. 他一定会成功。(说话人的看法)
③. Be sure to write and tell me all your news. 务必来信把你所有情况都告诉我。
另外，常见的与sure相关的短语还有：be sure of oneself 有自信心，for sure的确；确实地， sure enough果真，果然。 用于口语，此时的“Sure.”相当于“Of course.” 与“Certainly.”。
4. From the agreement came the Human Development Report.
表示方位或方式的副词和介词短语放在句首用完全倒装, 即谓语动词完全臵于主语之前。 在山脚下有一个小村庄。
车来了。
【部分倒装】
①only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，放于句首
②否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom等放于句首
③ so+adj/adv+(倒装)+ that
1. Only when he returned did we find out the truth (We found out the truth only when he returned.)
2. Never before have I seen such a moving film.(I have never seen such a moving film before)
3. So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.(He speaks English so clearly that~)【高中英语听力必修三外研版】
5. figure n./v.
1).He had always looked upon Sarah as a kind of mother figure. 形象
2).How does she manage to keep her figure when she eats so much? 体形
3).He was the outstanding political figure of his time. 人物 v.
4).I figured that he was drunk and shouldn‟t be allowed to drive. 认为
5).It took me hours to figure those problems out. 分析；想出
6).Women. I just can‟t figure them out. 理解
7).Many economists have been figuring out what makes China develop so fast. 分析
8).指望figure on【高中英语听力必修三外研版】
6． S.+ be + adj. + to do
easy/ good/ safe/comfortable/ dangerous/hard/ difficult…
1).The water is not pure to drink (drink)
2).He needs a chair comfortable to sit on.(sit )
3).The young man felt the room cold to live in (live)
必修三Module 3
1.occur 过去式occurred 过去分词occurred
1)发生，出现
Earthquakes occur frequently in this area.
2) sth occur to sb某人想到，某事浮现脑海
It never occurred to me that he might be in trouble.
A brilliant idea occurred to me.
【回忆“发生”】
①.A big earthquake occurred /happened in the south of China last month. ②.It occurred to me that she didn‟t know I had moved into the new house.
③.I happened to see him on my way home. = It happened that I saw him on my way home.
④. A fire broke out in the hospital in the mid-night.
⑤. After the flood, diseases broke out here and there.
⑥.Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years. ⑦.How did it come about that such a short journey took such a long time.
B区高一英语Book Ⅲ
Module 5 Listening
China has given the world many important inventions。____________, it is the country _________silk was first invented. Silk was made there ___________3200 BC. Chinese farmers grew mulberry leaves because they knew that a certain kind of caterpillar ate them. The Chinese did not tell other countries ______________and other countries paid a lot for this soft, strong material.
Su Song was an eleventh century monk _________very little is known. However, we ___know that in 1092 AD he invented the first real clock._________________, it became possible to tell the time. In the 1950s a copy was built and this copy can be seen today in Beijing.
____________a man called Cai Lun made paper from the bark of a tree in about 105 AD.________, he is a man _________China can be proud. Paper was a very important invention because it was cheap and people could ________buy it. Before that time, writers had used expensive materials such as silk. The invention was
immediately successful. However, paper did not _________other countries for another 500 years.
Printing was invented in China as early as 868 AD. The book _________printing first appeared was called The Diamond Sutra._________, it became possible to produce many copies at the same time. In 1041 AD, a chemist called Bi Sheng invented a type of print that could move. It was _________1454 that the first book was printed in Europe.
The first time ______we hear of a real toothbrush is in a Chinese book of 1498 AD. This toothbrush could clean teeth quickly and well. The toothbrush only _______Europe in the seventeenth century, _______it quickly became very popular.
4/11/2013
prep. 横过；穿过 (SH3 M1 P1) 2. boot n. 长统靴；皮靴 (SH3 M1 P1) 3. continental adj. 大陆的；大洲的 (SH3 M1 P1) 4. face vt. 面向；面对 (SH3 M1 P1) 5. range n. 山脉 (SH3 M1 P1) 6. landmark n. 标志性建筑 (SH3 M1 P2) 7. gallery n. 美术馆；画廊 (SH3 M1 P2) 8. situated adj. 坐落（某处）的；位于（某处）的 (SH3 M1 P2) 9. symbol n. 象征；符号 (SH3 M1 P2) 10. located adj. 位于 (SH3 M1 P2) 11. architect n. 建筑师 (SH3 M1 P2) 12. project n. 计划；项目；工程 (SH3 M1 P2) 13. sculpture n. 雕刻；泥塑 (SH3 M1 P2) 14. birthplace n. 发源地 (SH3 M1 P2) 15. civilisation n. 文明 (SH3 M1 P2) 16. ancient adj. 古代的 (SH3 M1 P2) 17. opposite prep. 在……对面 (SH3 M1 P4) 18. sign vt. 签署 (SH3 M1 P7) 19. agreement n. 协议；契约 (SH3 M1 P7) 20. whereabouts adv. 在哪里 (SH3 M1 P8) 21. govern vt. 统治；治理 (SH3 M1 P9) 22. head n. 领袖；领导人 (SH3 M1 P9) 23. representative n. 代表 (SH3 M1 P9) 24. parliament n. 国会；议会 (SH3 M1 P9) 25. region n. 地区；区域 (SH3 M1 P10) 26. geographical adj. 地理的 (SH3 M1 P10) 27. feature n. 特点 (SH3 M1 P10) 28. produce n. 产品；农产品 (SH3 M1 P10) 29. because of 因为；由于
30. be known as 作为……而出名/闻名 31. ever since 自从……一直
32. in terms of 据……；依据……
33. on the other hand 另一方面；反过来说 34. little by little 一点点地；逐渐地
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n. 饥饿 (SH3 M2 P11) 2. income n. 收入 (SH3 M2 P11) 3. poverty n. 贫穷 (SH3 M2 P11) 4. human n. （与动物等对比的）人 (SH3 M2 P12) 5. development n. 发展 (SH3 M2 P12) 6. index n. 指数 (SH3 M2 P12) 7. measure vt. 测定；测量；评估 8. goal n. 目标 9. expectancy n. （根据概率得出的）预期数额 10. position n. 位置 11. educate vt. 教育；培养；训练 12. figure n. 数字 13. household n. 一家人；家庭 14. homeless adj. 无家可归的 15. charity n. 慈善团体 16. crowded adj. 拥挤的 17. freeway n. 高速公路 18. inhabitant n. 居民 19. similarity n. 类似；相似 20. unfortunate adj. 不幸的；遗憾的 21. location n. 位置；所在地 22. tourism n. 旅游业 23. transport n. 交通工具 24. industrial adj. 工业的 25. polluted adj. 受到污染的 26. smart adj. 漂亮的；整洁的；时髦的 27. vast adj. 巨大的；庞大的；浩瀚的 28. entertainment n. 娱乐 29. exchange n. 交换 30. at the top of 在……顶端 31. at the bottom of 在……底部 32. make effort 努力
33. be connected with 与……有联系；与……有关 34. be close to 接近；靠近
(SH3 M2 P12) (SH3 M2 P12) (SH3 M2 P12) (SH3 M2 P12) (SH3 M2 P12) (SH3 M2 P13) (SH3 M2 P14) (SH3 M2 P14) (SH3 M2 P15) (SH3 M2 P16) (SH3 M2 P16) (SH3 M2 P16) (SH3 M2 P16) (SH3 M2 P16) (SH3 M2 P16) (SH3 M2 P16) (SH3 M2 P16) (SH3 M2 P17) (SH3 M2 P17) (SH3 M2 P17) (SH3 M2 P17) (SH3 M2 P19) (SH3 M2 P19) 2
n. 灾难 2. flood n. 洪水 3. hurricane n. 飓风 4. lightning n. 闪电 5. thunderstorm n. 雷暴 6. tornado n. 龙卷风 7. column n. 柱状物；柱状体 8. experience vt. 经历 9. cause vt. 引起；导致 10. current n. 海流；潮流 11. latitude n. 纬度 12. furniture n. 家具 13. bury vt. 埋葬 14. feather n. 羽毛 15. fur n. （动物的）毛皮 16. occur vi. 发生 17. tropical adj. 热带的 18. equator n. 赤道 19. rotating adj. 旋转的；循环的 20. violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的 21. wave n. 波浪 22. strike vt.& n.
(struck; struck/striken)（雷电、暴风雨等）袭击23. cemetery n. 墓地；公墓 24. coffin n. 棺材 25. ruin vt. 毁坏 26. ash n. 灰 27. erupt vt. （火山的）爆发；喷发 28. lava n. 熔岩；岩浆 29. tidal adj. 受潮水影响的；有涨落的 30. volcano n. 火山 31. previous adj. 以前的 32. eruption n. （火山的）爆发；喷发 33. possibility n. 可能；可能性 34. earthquake n. 地震 35. terrifying adj. 吓人的；可怕的
(SH3 M3 P21) (SH3 M3 P21) (SH3 M3 P21) (SH3 M3 P21) (SH3 M3 P21) (SH3 M3 P21) (SH3 M3 P21) (SH3 M3 P21) (SH3 M3 P21) (SH3 M3 P22) (SH3 M3 P22) (SH3 M3 P22) (SH3 M3 P22) (SH3 M3 P22) (SH3 M3 P22) (SH3 M3 P22) (SH3 M3 P22) (SH3 M3 P22) (SH3 M3 P23) (SH3 M3 P23) (SH3 M3 P23) (SH3 M3 P23) (SH3 M3 P23) (SH3 M3 P23) (SH3 M3 P24) (SH3 M3 P25) (SH3 M3 P25) (SH3 M3 P25) (SH3 M3 P25) (SH3 M3 P25) (SH3 M3 P25) (SH3 M3 P25) (SH3 M3 P25) (SH3 M3 P27) (SH3 M3 P28)
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36. luckily adv. 幸运地；幸亏 37. thankfully adv. 感激地；满怀感谢地 38. hopefully adv. 满怀希望地；有希望地 39. sadly adv. 伤心地；不幸地 40. fortunately adv. 幸运地；幸亏 41. warning n. 警告 (SH3 M3 P28) (SH3 M3 P28) (SH3 M3 P28) (SH3 M3 P28) (SH3 M3 P28) (SH3 M3 P28) 42. worldwide adj. 全世界的 43. active adj. 积极的；活跃的 44. damage n.& v. 损失；损害 45. pick up 卷起；掀起 46. take off 去掉
47. on average 平均起来
48. end up 结果为……，以……结束 49. set fire to 放火（焚烧）…… 50. catch fire 着火
51. put out 扑灭（火） 52. take place 发生 53. in all 总共；总计
n. 沙尘暴 2. frightening adj. 吓人的；可怕的 3. inland adj. 内地的；内陆的 4. mass adj. 大量的；大规模的 5. campaign n. 战役；活动 6. dune n. 沙丘 7. desertification n. （土地的）沙漠化 8. process n. 进程；过程 9. citizen n. 公民；市民 10. dust n. 沙尘；灰尘 11. forecast vt. 预报；预告 12. strength n. 力量；力气 13. cycle vi. 骑自行车 14. mask n. 面罩 15. atmosphere n. 大气；大气层 16. carbon n. 碳 17. dioxide n. 二氧化物
(SH3 M3 P29) (SH3 M3 P29) (SH3 M3 P29) (SH3 M4 P 31) (SH3 M4 P 31) (SH3 M4 P 31) (SH3 M4 P 32) (SH3 M4 P 32) (SH3 M4 P 32) (SH3 M4 P 32) (SH3 M4 P 32) (SH3 M4 P 32) (SH3 M4 P 32) (SH3 M4 P 32) (SH3 M4 P 32) (SH3 M4 P 32) (SH3 M4 P 32) (SH3 M4 P 35) (SH3 M4 P 35) (SH3 M4 P 35)
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18. chemical n. 化学药品 19. environment n. 环境 20. garbage n. 废料；垃圾 21. melt vi. 融化 22. pollution n. 污染 23. recycle v. 重新利用；再循环 24. coastal adj. 沿海的 25. concerned adj. 关心的；担心的 26. evidence n. 根据；证明 27. major adj. 主要的；多数的 28. urgent adj. 紧急的 29. pollute vt. 污染 30. complain vi. 抱怨；发牢骚 31. nutshell n. 坚果壳；简单的一句话 32. scary adj. 恐怖的；吓人的 33. absolutely adv. 绝对地；完全地 34. protection n. 保护 35. cut down 砍倒
36. be caught in 突然遭遇（风暴等） 37. one after another 一个接一个地
38. have a bad effect on 对……有坏影响 39. take in 吸收
40. give out 放出；发出
41. in a nutshell 简言之；概括地讲 42. look through 浏览
equal adj. 平等的 2. importance n. 重要；重要性 3. philosopher n. 哲学家 4. philosophy n. 哲学 5. teaching n. （常作复数）教导；学说 6. thinker n. 思想家 7. kindness n. 善良 8. order n. 秩序 9. principle n. 原则；准则 10. position n. 职位
(SH3 M4 P 35) (SH3 M4 P 35) (SH3 M4 P 35) (SH3 M4 P 35) (SH3 M4 P 35) (SH3 M4 P 35) (SH3 M4 P 35) (SH3 M4 P 35) (SH3 M4 P 35) (SH3 M4 P 35) (SH3 M4 P 35) (SH3 M4 P 35) (SH3 M4 P 36) (SH3 M4 P 38) (SH3 M4 P 38) (SH3 M4 P 38) (SH3 M4 P 40) (SH3 M5 P 41) (SH3 M5 P 41) (SH3 M5 P 41) (SH3 M5 P 41) (SH3 M5 P 41) (SH3 M5 P 41) (SH3 M5 P 41) (SH3 M5 P 42) (SH3 M5 P 42) (SH3 M5 P 42)
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