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Unit1 What’s the matter？
Section A
1. What’ s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？
【解析】matter/ ' mætə(r)) /n.问题；事情
What’ s the matter with you? = What’s the trouble with you?
= What’ s wrong with you? = What’s up? = What happens to sb.?
你怎么了？
【拓展】matter的用法
(1) It doesn’t matter 没关系 （用来回答别人道歉时的用语）
(2) as a matter of fact= in fact 事实上, 实际上
2. I have a cold 我感冒了
I have a stomachache 我患胃痛
I have a sore back. 我背痛。
【解析1】have a cold 受凉;感冒
have a/an + 疾病名词 “患……病” (cold/fever/cough)
have a sore throat 患喉咙痛
have a fever 发烧 患感冒
have a stomachache 患牙痛
患背痛
【解析2】back n 背；背部 at the back of......在......的后面
go/come back 返回 give back 归还
3. hand n 手
V 上交 hand on 依次传递 hand out 分发
4. She talked too much’t drink enough water.
她昨天说话太多了并且没有喝足够的水。
【解析1】too much/too many/much too
( ) Mr. Smith eats ______ food, so he’s _____ fat.
A .much too; too much B .too many; much too
C. too much; too much D. too much ;much too
【2013孝感】—Why are you so tired these days?
—Well, I have ________ homework to do.
A. too much B. too many C. much too D. many too
【2013广西玉林】— The meat is ____ delicious. — A. too much; too much C. too much ; much too 【解析2】enough 的用法
(1) adj.足够的，充分的 修饰名词时，可放在名词之前或之后 enough time
(2) adv. ―足够地， 十分，相当‖
修饰adj./adv,放在adj./adv 后 expensive enough
(3) be +adj. +enough to do sth be strong enough to carry the box.
( ) ① The boy isn’ ( ) ②—’s Crazy English?
— ’s much too _____.
B. enough wonderful; boring
D. enough wonderful ; bored
5. drink some hot tea with honey. 喝一些加蜂蜜的热茶。
【解析】with ：⑴prep “具有， 带有‖ , 表示某物带有或具有某种特征。
She is a girl with long hair.
with （反） without
⑵prep. 和......一起
I like to talk freely with my friends.
⑶ prep 用......， 表示“使用某种工具”
Cut it with a knife.
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6. see a dentist and get an x- ray. 看牙医并且拍张x光。
【解析1】see a dentist = go to a dentist看牙医
see a doctor = go to a doctor 看医生
【解析2】X-ray/'eks rei/n. X 射线；X 光
7. What should she do?她该怎么办呢？
Should I take my temperature?我应该量一下体温吗？
【解析1】should ―应该‖ 情态动词，后跟动词原形，表示责任和义务
【解析2】take one’s temperature 量体温
8. No, it doesn’t sound like you have a fever. 不需要，
【解析1】sound like 听起来像， 后接名词或名词性短语作表语。
【拓展】 “感官动词+ like
feel like 摸起来像 smell like 闻起来像 look like 看起来像
taste like 尝起来像
【解析2】fever/ 'fi:vɜ:(r)/n.发烧 have a fever 发烧
9. You need to take
【解析】need v 需要
◆用于肯定句是实义动词
(1) need sth 需要某物 I need your help.
(2) 人做主语，sb need to do sth 某人需要做某事
(3) 物做主语，sth need doing sth = sth need to be done
◆用于否定句是情态动词
needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要
must ,need 引导的疑问句肯定回答用
( ) ①— — No, you ______ .You may give it to me tomorrow.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. may not
9. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.
我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。
【解析】without doing sth.
10.If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor.
如果你的头和脖子明天还疼的话， 就去看医生。
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【解析1】neck /nek/ n.颈；脖子neck and neck 不分上下，势均力敌
【解析2】hurt /h3：(r)t/ v. (hurt /h3：(r)t/) (使痛 ；受伤)
表示肉体感到疼痛或不适，使用时应用疼痛的具体部位作主语。
My leg hurts.
11. At 9:00 a.m . yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an
old man lying on the side of the road.
昨天上午9:00 , 26路公共汽车正沿着中华路行驶，这时，司机看见一位老人躺在马路上。
【解析1】along/ down
相同点： prep “顺着；沿着‖
不同点：along 强调顺着水平方向
down 指“沿着……下坡或者往南走‖
【解析2】see （saw , seen） v 看见
see sb. do sth 看见某人做某事 （看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生）
see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 （强调动作正在发生）【look,it,up课文语法】
【解析3】lie/lai/v. (lay/lei/ )躺 ；平躺
lie → lay → lain v 躺下，(现在分词lying ).
lie down 躺下
lie down and rest 躺下休息
12.The bus 24-year-oldPing, stopped the bus without thinking twice.
【解析】24-year-old 24岁的
“数词+名词+形容词”构成复合形容词，在句中作定语，用连字符后连接，名 词用单数。【look,it,up课文语法】
( )① A. a five years old B. a five-year-old C. a five-year-olds
【2013黑龙江绥化】She is a _____ girl with two big eyes.
A. Six-years- old B. six-year - old C. Six years old
13. He got off and asked the woman what happened.
他下车问那名妇女发生了什么事。
【解析】get off 下车 (反） get on 上车
【2012江苏徐州】 Don’t forget to take your bag when you ___ the bus.
5
A. get off B. take off C. turn off D. put off
【拓展】与get相关的短语：
get up起床 get back回来；取回 get over克服；度过
get on／along well with与……相处融洽 get in a word插话 get to到达
14. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him.
但令他吃惊的是，所有的乘客都同意和他一起去医院。
【解析】surprise ⑴v 使吃惊→surprising adj. 令人吃惊的
→surprised adj. 吃惊的
surprise sb 使某人吃惊 The bad news surprised me.
be surprised at 对……感到吃惊
be surprised to do sth 做某事而感到惊讶
be surprised + that从句 因...而惊讶
Surprise ⑵ n 惊讶‖
to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是
in surprise 吃惊地
【解析2】agree v→ (反)disagree – agreement n同意
(1) agree with sb. 同意某人 I agree with you.
(2)agree to do sth 同意做某事
15. Thanks to in time.
【解析1】 thanks to 对亏；由于
⑴thanks to为习语介词，thanks不可以改为thank you，to后也不接动词原形， 这个短语表示原因，意为―由于‖、―多亏‖，to表示感谢的对象
⑵ thanks for ，意为―因……而感谢‖，for强调为何而感谢，其后可接名词或 v-ing
thanks相当于 thank you ，
【解析2】on time 准时/in time 及时
Lesson 42 Not very musical
【New words and expressions】（13）
musical adj. 精通音乐的
market n. 市场，集市
snake charmer 玩蛇者（通常借音乐控制）
pipe n.（吹奏的）管乐器
tune n. 曲调
glimpse n. 一瞥
snake n. 蛇
movement n. 动作
continue v. 继续
dance v. 跳舞
obviously adv. 显然
difference n. 差别
Indian adj. 印度的【look,it,up课文语法】
★market n. 市场，集市
① n. 市场，集市
We had a long walk through one of the markets of Old Delhi.
我们穿过旧德里的一个市场时走了很长一段路。
② n.（商品的）市场，销路，需求（可数名词）
market for„ „„市场
The foreign markets for apple this year are not as good as last year.
Can you find a market for these shoes? 你能给这些鞋找到销路吗？
★pipe n.（吹奏的）管乐器
pipe n. 两头通的东西, 如下水管道, 老爸的烟斗,或一节两头通的竹子都可以叫pipe
★glimpse n. 一瞥
have a glimpse of 瞥了一眼，映入眼帘(犹如汉语中的“惊鸿一瞥”) (无意识的看)
glance at [] 扫了一眼(有意识)
★movement n. 动作
move v. 移动（movement的动词）
action v. 采取行动
★continue v. 继续
begin/start/continue to do sth.
begin/start/continue doing sth.
I continue (to go)/going on.
continue +sth.
Let's continue our trip.
Let's continue our journey.
★dance [] v. 跳舞
dance to the music 随着音乐跳舞（固定搭配，用“to”）
★obviously adv. 显然
obviously=clearly
Obviously you are wrong.
Obviously I love you.
★difference n. 差别
tell the difference between A and B 区别差异
Can you tell the difference between them?
different adj. 不同的
be different from 与„„不同
A is different from B
differ vi. 不一致，不同
【Text】
As we had had a long walk through one of the markets of old Delhi, we stopped at a square to have a rest. After a time, we noticed a snake charmer with two large baskets at the other side of the square, so we went to have a look at him. As soon as he saw us, he picked up a long pipe which was covered with coins and opened one of the baskets. When he began to play a tune, we had our first glimpse of the snake. It rose out of the basket and began to follow the movements of the pipe. We were very much surprised when the snake charmer suddenly began to play jazz and modern pop songs. The snake, however, continued to 'dance' slowly. It obviously could not tell the difference between Indian music and jazz!
参考译文
当我们穿过旧德里的市场时走了很长一段路, 我们在一个广场上停下来休息. 过了一会儿, 我们注意到广场的那一边有一个带着两个大筐的耍蛇人, 于是就走过去看看. 他一见我们, 就拿起了一个长长的上面镶有硬币的管乐器, 并掀开了一个筐的盖子. 当他开始吹奏一支曲子时, 我们才第一次看到那条蛇. 它从筐里探出身子, 随着乐器的摆动而扭动. 当耍蛇人突然又吹奏起爵士乐和现代流行乐曲时, 我们感到非常惊奇. 然而那蛇却还是缓慢地 “舞动” 着. 显然, 它分辨不出印度音乐和爵士乐!
【课文讲解】
1、As we had had a long walk through one of the markets of old Delhi, we stopped at a square to have a rest.
stop to do sth. 停下其他活动去做不定式表示的动作
On the way to the station, I stopped to buy a paper.
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
I’ve stopped buying newspapers. 我已不再买报纸了。
How can we stop him complaining? 我们如何才能让他不抱怨呢？
2、When he began to play a tune, we had our first glimpse of the snake.
play a tune（tune 可数名词）；play music（music 不可数名词）
have/get/catch a (first) glimpse of„ 一瞥，一看
This afternoon I caught/got/had a glimpse of Debbie and Dan walking together in the park.
take a glimpse at 瞥见
He took a glimpse at the ‘No Parking’ signs outside Jasper’s gate and parked his car there.
at the first sight 一见钟情
I love you at the first sight of you.
3、It rose out of the basket and began to follow the movements of the pipe. rise（rose，risen） vi. 升
raise（raised，raised） vt. 提高
4、We were very much surprised when the snake charmer suddenly began to play jazz and modern pop songs.
很少用very much 放在一起修饰surprise, 一般用very surprised 或 most surprised
5、It obviously could not tell the difference between Indian music and jazz!
tell表示“辨别、分辨、识别”时常与can，could，be able to连用。表达这些意义时，tell可以单独使用，也可以与from构成词组：
My son can already tell the difference between beer and wine.
=My son can already tell beer from wine. 我儿子已经能分辨出啤酒和葡萄酒了。
表示两者之间的“差别、差异”时常用difference between：
There’s a lot of difference between Englishmen and Frenchmen.
What’s the difference between them?
有些情况下也可以不跟between：
It makes no difference whether you believe me or not. 你信不信我区别不大/都无所谓。
【Key structures】
“have +名词”代替普通动词
“have +名词”代替普通动词表示“完成该动作”：have a bath=bathe ；have a swim=swim；have a walk=walk；have a look=look；have a rest=rest；have a smell=smell等，类似的动词有dance，fight，ride，talk，sleep，wash：
I had two dances with Lucy.
Jim and I have just had a long talk.
一个动词的后面会加介词(如果这个动词是不及物动词)，动词能加什么样的介词，名词也可以加什么样的介词：
look at->have a look at； walk across->have a walk across
succeed<v.> in doing sth.-> be successful<adj.> in->success<n.> in
【Special difficulties】
Pick的用法
pick up 拿起、捡起；意外地找到；（偶然地）学会；开车去接
He picked up a long pipe which was covered with coins. （拿起）
The bicycle was picked up in a small village. （意外找到）
pick sb. up （顺路）接某人（meet sb.+地点 专程接）
I'll pick you up in the car this evening. 今晚我开车来接你.
pick up a lot of English =learn a lot of English
I picked up a lot of English while I was in England. (I learnt.)
在英国的时候, 我学到了不少英语.
pick up the radio program = the program on the radio 在广播上收听节目 pick out 挑出，选出，辩认出
There are so many beautiful cards on display, I can't pick out the ones I like best.
(I can't choose.) 陈列着那么多漂亮的明信片, 我挑不出最喜欢的.
When I went to the bookshop yesterday, I picked out two of the books which I needed most.
Look at these photos and see if you can pick out my mother.
The thief was picked out by several people.
【Multiple choice questions】
2 The snake probably ‘danced’___d___.
a. by listening to the Indian music b. by listening to the jazz c. by looking at the snake charmer
d. by following the movements of the snake charmer's pipe
by doing 通过做某事,通过某种方式
I show him my respect by sending him flowers. 我通过向他送花来表示我对他的尊重
by train 乘火车
by the river 沿着河边
by the end of„ 到„„时候为止
3 We stopped at a square ___d___have a rest.
a. so to b. in order c. in order that d. in order to so as to 为了，表示目的
不存在“so to”
in order 在秩序中, 有秩序的, 有次序的, 整洁的, 整齐的
Keep your room in order
in order to do sth. 为了„„
in order that+从句 为了„„
7 It could not tell the difference between Indian music and jazz. It ___d___. a. might not b. may not c. must not d. wasn't able to might not = may not 可能不 ≠ can’t / couldn’t 不能
must not 不准
wasn't able to = can’t =couldn’t 不能
【语法精粹】
1. Julie went to the___C___to buy a pair of shoes.
A.shoes store B.shoe's store C.shoe store D.shoes' store 表示类别的商店，用单数名词修饰
2.As a safety precaution,all city cab drivers carry only enough money to make change for a___A__bill.
A.ten-dollar B.ten-dollars C.tens-dollar D.ten-dollar's cab drivers(美语)=taxi drivers(英式)
bill纸币
有连字符连接的单词没有复数,连字符单词做定语,不会加 “’s”
3.Recently,he has lost all his__D__at cards.
A.wage and saving B.wages and saving
C.wage and savings D.wages and savings
wage 薪水（可数）；saving 积蓄（可数）
4.I want___C__.
A.a dollar worth candy B.candy a dollar's worth
C.a dollar's worth of candy D.a dollar worth's candy
a dollar's worth of„ 价值„„钱的东西
5.The surroundings a child grows up in usually __A__an effect on his development.
A.have B.had C.do D.has
have an effect on„ 对„„有效果
grow up 成长
in 连接作用
the surroundings 做主语 (surroundings [] n. 环境)，a child grows up 定语从句修饰 “the surroundings”
孩子成长的环境常常对他的发展有影响. 用一般现在时
课文解析
1. —What is Mike doing?—迈克在做什么？
—He’s watching insects.—他在观察昆虫。
句中主语Mike（人名）是第三人称单数，所以动词要用is。
eg: —What is Lucy doing?—露西在做什么？
—She’s catching butterflies.—她正在捉蝴蝶。
注意：he’s是he is 的缩写形式。
2. —Are they eating honey?—它们在吃蜂蜜吗？
—Yes, they are.—是的，它们在吃。
Are they...? 意思为“它们在（做）„„吗？”是进行时态的一般疑问句。 肯定回答：Yes, they are.
否定回答：No, they aren’t.
eg: —Are they climbing trees?—它们正在爬树吗？
—No, they aren’t.—不，它们不是。
3. —Is John playing chess, too?—约翰也在下棋吗？
—Yes, he is.—是的，他也在下棋。
本句是以is开头的一般疑问句，用yes或no来回答。注意答句的人称要与问句相对应。
—eg 1: Is he eating lunch now?—她正在吃午饭吗？
—Yes, he is. /No, he isn’t. —是的，他是。/不，他不是。
eg 2: —Is the kangaroo jumping?—那只袋鼠正在跳吗？
—Yes, it is. /No, it isn’t. —是的，它是。/不，它不是。
eg 3: —Is Alice watching insects now?—艾丽斯正在观察昆虫吗？
—Yes, she is./ No, she isn’t.—是的，她是。/不，它不是。
4. —Is she counting insects?—她在数昆虫吗？
—No, she isn’t.—不，她不是。
本句中, count insects为数昆虫的意思.
eg 1: John is counting insects.约翰正在数昆虫。
拓展： count为动词，表示“数；计数”。
count的-ing形式：counting
eg 2: Can you count from 1 to 1000? 你能从一数到一千吗？
注意:count中字母组合ou发[au],类似还有: cloudy (多云的),mountain(山)
词汇学习
1. take pictures（照相）
eg: —Are they taking pictures?—他们在照相吗？
—Yes, they are.—是的，他们是。
拓展：take的 –ing 形式： taking（去e加ing）同义词组：take photos 联想：take off脱衣服 take a look at看一看
2. watch insects（观察昆虫）
eg 1: —Are you watching insects?—你正在观察昆虫吗？
—Yea, I am.—是的，我是。
拓展：watch可以作动词，意思为“看；观察”。还可以作名词，表示“手表”。 eg 2: watch TV 看电视
eg 3: I have a new watch.我有一块新手表。
联想：watch out 当心；小心
3. pick up leaves（采摘树叶）
eg 1: —What is he doing?—他正在做什么？
—He is picking up leaves.—他正在采摘树叶。
拓展：pick为动词，意思为“采摘，采集”。
pick 的–ing形式：picking
eg 2: pick up mushrooms采摘蘑菇
eg 3: pick flowers采摘花朵
4. do an experiment（做实验）
eg: The students are doing an experiment.学生们正在做实验。
联想：以do开头的短语还有：do morning exercises 做早操
do sports做运动 do the dishes洗碗碟
do homework 做作业
注意：experiment 以元音因素开头，所以前面要用an。
5. catch butterfly（捉蝴蝶）
eg 1: We are catching butterflies. 我们正在捉蝴蝶。
拓展：catch为动词，意思为“捉住，抓住”。
catch的-ing形式：catching
eg 2: catch the ball接球。
助记：butterfly （蝴蝶）变复数：变y为i 加es。
联想: catch dragonflies捉蜻蜓
6. in the woods在树林里
eg: The tiger is running in the woods.那只老虎正在树林里奔跑。 联想：in the forest 在树林里 in the tree在树上
7. collect leaves（收集树叶）
eg: Collecting leaves is his hobby.收集树叶是他的爱好。
拓展：collect为动词，表示“收集”。
collect的-ing形式：collecting
collect stamps集邮
8. write a report（写报告）
eg: —Are you writing a report?—你正在写报告吗？
—No, I’m not.—不，我没有。
拓展：本词组的-ing形式：writing a report正在写报告 (write去e，再加ing)
联想：write a letter写信 write an e-mail 写电子邮件
9. play chess（下棋）
—Are the twins playing chess?—那对双胞胎正在下棋吗？
—Yes, they are.—是的，他们是。
联想：play sports进行体育活动
play the piano弹钢琴
play computer games玩电脑游戏
10. have a picnic（举行野餐）
—What are they doing?—他们正在做什么？
—They are having a picnic.—他们正在举行野餐。
联想：have开头的短语还有：
have a look看一看 have an English class 上英语课
have breakfast 吃早餐
11. honey（蜂蜜）
eg: My sister likes eating the honey.我姐姐喜欢吃蜂蜜。
语法学习
现在进行时的一般疑问句
Ⅰ. 现在进行时的一般疑问句是把动词be,即：am, is, are提前。
句型 相应be动词 + 主语 + 现在分词 + „„？
eg. Are you dancing? 他们正在跳舞吗？
Is he drawing a picture? 他正在画一张画吗？
Are you talking with your friend? 你正和你的朋友谈话吗？
Ⅱ.现在进行一般疑问句的答语
句型:
（1）肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + 相应be动词。
（2）否定回答：No, 主语 + 相应be动词 + not。
eg. Are you listening to the music? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. 你正在听音乐吗？是的，我正在听。/ 不，我没在听。
Is Aunt Wang knitting a sweater? No, she isn‘t. 王阿姨正织毛衣吗？不，她没有。
一.按要求改写句子
1. The boy is playing basketball.
否定句：____________________________
一般疑问句：_________________________
肯定回答：__________________________
否定回答：__________________________
对"is playing basketball"提问：__________________________
对" The boy"提问：__________________________
2. They are singing in the classroom.
否定句：____________________________
一般疑问句：_________________________
肯定回答：__________________________
否定回答：__________________________
对"are singing "提问：__________________________
语法填空（一）
1
Do you want a friend 1_______ you could tell everything to ,like your deepest 2_________ (feel) and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh 3______ you ,or just can’tunderstand 4_______ you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind ,so she made her diary her best friend.
Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Nethterlands 5_______ World WarⅡ.Her family was Jewish so 6_______ had to hide or they would be caught by the 7________(Germany) Nazis. She and her family hid away for nearly twenty –five months 8_______ they were discovered .
During that time the only true friend was her diary .She said ,“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary 9_______ most people do, 10______ I want this diary itself to be my friend , and I shall call my friend Kitty.”
2
I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long 1______ I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do 2_______nature. I can well remember that there was a time 3________a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here. For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose 4______ half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. But as the moon gave far too 5_______ light, I didn’t dare open a window. 6________time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs one evening 7_______ the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until 8______ window had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power. 9______ was the first time in a year and a half that I 10________ (see) the night face to face.
3
Why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. At first the English 1_______(speak) in England beween About AD 450 ___2___ 1150 was very different from the English spoken today. It was based more 3______ German than the English we speak at present. Then 4_______ (gradual) from about AD800 ____5___ 1150, English became less like German because 6______ who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. These new settlers enriched 7_____ English langguage and especially 8______ vocabulary. So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use 9_______ a wider vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 some British settlers moved to America. Later in the 18th century some British people ____10____(take) to Australia too.English began to be spoken in both countries.
4
English now is also spoken 1______ a foreign or second language in South Asia. For example, India has a very large number of fluent English 2_______(speak).This is 3_______ Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. ___4___ that time English became the language for 5___________(govern) and 6________(educate). English is also spoken in many 7________ countries in Africa and Asia. Today 8______ number of people learning English in China 9________(increase) rapidly. In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners. Will _________(China) English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.
5
My name is Wang Kun. Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed 1______ taking a great bike trip. Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me
2_______(buy) one. Last year, she visited our cousins, Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college in Kunming. They are Dai and 3_______(grow) up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river 4________ is called the Mekong River in 5_______ countries. Wang Wei soon got them
6_________(interest) in cycling too. 7________graduating from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip. I asked my sister, "Where are we going?" 8_______ was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River 9______ where it begins to where it ends. Now 10______ is planning our schedule for the trip.
6
I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming. She can be really stubborn. 1__________ she didn't know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she 2_________ (organize) the trip properly. Now I know that the proper way is always her way. I kept 3________ (ask) her, "When are we leaving and when are we coming back?" I asked her 4________ she had looked at a map yet. Of course she hadn't; my sister doesn't care 5_______ details. So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province. She gave me a determined look --- 6_____ kind that said she would not change her mind. When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than5,000 metres, she seemed to be excited about it. When I told her the air would be hard 7__________(breathe) and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience. I know my sister well. 8______ she has made up her mind, nothing can change 9_____. Finally, I had to give 10_____.
7
Although 1______ was autumn, the snow had already begun to fall in Tibet. Our legs felt so heavy and cold 2_______we thought they were ice. Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles? Wang Wei was in front of me as usual. I knew I didn't need to encourage her. 3_______( climb ) the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great fun. When we reached a valley, it became much 4_________(warm). We had to change from our caps, coats, gloves and trousers 5_______ T-shirts and shorts. Then, as we reached the colder altitudes, we had to change again. In the early evening, we stopped 6________(make0 camp. First we put up our tents and then we ate. After supper, Wang Wei went to sleep but I stayed 7_________(wake). At midnight, the sky became clear and the stars were bright. It was 8_______ quiet in the mountains that night that there was almost no wind, only the sound of the fire. We have already traveled so far. We are reaching Dali in Yunnan Province 9_______ our cousins Dao Wei and Yu Hang will join us. We can hardly wait to see 10________!
8
Many people put their thoughts into a diary but 1_______ write about their travels in 2_____ is called a travel journal. What is the 3___________(different) between the two? For one thing, a journal isn’t as personal 4______ a diary. For 5_________, a travel journal has a different purpose. In a journal, writers also record their experiences, ideas and afterthoughts about what they have seen. 6________ diary writers try to record 7_______
they feel very soon after things happen, journal writers try to better understand what has happened to them much later. Unlike a diary, a travel journal is written for lots of readers. 8________ topics can be different from a diary, often 9__________(include) people, things, and events less familiar 10_______ the readers.
9
At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing,1______ is more than two hundred kilometres away.One-third of the nation felt 2______.A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay 3_______ ruins.The suffering of the people was extreme.Two-thirds of them died or 4__________(injure) during the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. 5_______ number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
All hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers.The army organized teams to dig out 6______ who were trapped and to bury the 7________(die).Workers built shelters for survivors 8_______ homes had been destroyed.Fresh water was taken to the city 9______ train,truck and plane.10_______(slow),the city began to breathe again.
10
My name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa. The time 1______ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer 2______ whom I went for advice. He offered guidance to poor black people 3_______ their legal problems. He was generous with his time, for 4_______ I was grateful.
I needed his help because I had very little 5_________(educate). I began school at six. The school 6_______ I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare. I could not read 7______ write well. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. 8________, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 9_______(sad) I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about 10________ I would become out of work.
11
The day when Nelson Mandela helped was one of my happiest. He told me 1______ to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg. I became more 2________(hope) about my future. I never forgot how kind Mandela was. When he organized the ANC Youth League, I joined 3_______ as soon as I could. He said:
“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage 4_______ we have almost no rights at all.”
It was the 5________(true). Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. They could not get the jobs they wanted. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. No one could grow food there. In fact 6_______ Nelson Mandela said:
“…we were put into a position 7______ which we had either to accept we were less important 8_______ fight the government. We chose to attack the laws. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; …
As a matter of fact, I do not like violence…but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings. It was very dangerous because if I 9__________(catch) I could be put in prison. But I was happy to help 10________ I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.
12
We know that languages develop and change over time and that is 1______ we have new dictionaries from time to time. Many things cause languages 2________(change). Teenagers aren’t the only people 3______ change the way 4________ English is spoken. Today, more and more 5__________(tour) from English -6________(speak) countries are visiting other countries. In China, for example, thousands of 7__________(foreign) come to do business or teach. Another way English moves from one place to 8_________ is through movies, radio and TV. Satellites can also send English programmes from the BBC or CNN to countries 9_______ it is a second or foreign language. There are also lots of English programmes in China, _______ are provided by Radio English International, CCTV 9…
1---1. whom / that 2. feelings 3. at 4. what 5. during
6. they 7. German 8. before 9. as 10. but
2---1. that 2. with 3. when 4. until 5. much
6. Another 7. when 8. the 9. It 10. had seen 3---1.spoken 2. and 3. on 4. Gradually 5. to
6. those 7. the 8. its 9. of 10. were taken
4---1. as 2. speakers 3. because 4. During 5. government
6. education 7. other 8. the 9. is increasing 10. Chinese 5---1. about / of 2. to buy 3. grew 4. which / that 5. other
6. interested 7. After 8. It 9. from 10. she
6---1. Although / Though 2. organize 3. asking 4. whether / if
5. about 6. the 7. to breathe 8. Once 9. it 10. in 7---1. it 2. that 3. To climb 4. warmer 5. into
6. to make 7. awake 8. so 9. where 10. see
8---1. others 2. what 3. difference 4. as 5. another
6. While 7. how 8. its 9. including 10. to 9---1. which 2. it 3. in 4. were injured 5. The
6. those 7. dead 8. whose 9. by 10. Slowly
10---1. when 2. to 3. on 4. which 5. education
6. where 7. or 8 However 9. Sadly 10. whether
11---1. how 2. hopeful 3. it 4. where 5. truth
6. as 7. in 8. or 9. was caught 10. because 12---1.why 2. to change 3. who 4. that 5. tourists
6. speaking 7. foreigners 8. another 9. where 10. which
牛津英语七年级上期各单元知识点归纳
Chapter One Making friends Reading
1. What do you know about„„ 关于„„，你知道多少？
2. Friends often the hobbies
write to sb. about sth. 就某事写信给某人 in the box 在方框里
match„„with 把„„和„„匹配 each other= one another彼此，互相
3.写下你的爱好。 write down写下 write to sb. 写信给某人
4.blog. sb‟s 某人的
Her names. 以s结尾时，只加’即可。
5. tell sb sth. 告诉某人某事 tell a lie/ story 说谎/ 讲故事
speak to sb. 对某人说话 speak English 说英语 talk to/ with sb 与某人交谈（to :单向；with：双向） reading books playing basketball（playing the piano）
6. welcome to sp. 欢迎来到某地
7. I我来自德国。 be from= come from 来自
Germany 德国 German adj. 德国的 n.德语；德国人（two Germans） German cars are very good. She was born in Germany.
The Germans speak English very well.
8. I‟m 11 years old. 我十一岁。
问句：What is his age? = How old is he? 他多大了？
1) at the age of= when sb. was „ years old 在„„岁的时候
He could swim at the age of six. = He could swim when he was six years old
2）the same age of = as old as 和„„一样大
She is the same age of Kate. = She is as old as Kate.
（注意：the same height as = as tall as 和„„一样高； the same length as = as long as 和„„一样长）
9. I have long hair. 我有长头发。
have “有” have sth. to do 有某事要做 have a cold 感冒
have ”吃,，喝” have a cup of tea喝一杯茶
have breakfast/ lunch/ supper吃早/中/晚餐
have to 不得不 have sth. on= have on sth.=wear sth. 穿着„„
10. I my family in a house some mountains. live with与„„一起生活live in 居住在„„ close to= near 接近，离„„近（也可放于被修饰词之后做后置定语）
I live close to the shops. 我住得离商店很近。
She is buying a flat close to her office. 她正在购买一套靠近她办公室的公寓。
11. My mum is an Art teacher. My dad is a doctor. I have an r and an
younger brother弟弟 younger sister妹妹 elder sister姐姐
elder brother哥哥
12. I school bus. by bus= in a bus乘公共汽车
go to„„by„„ 乘坐„„去„„
take a bus to school=go to school by bus 乘公交车去学校
13. My subjects are Maths, Art and Science.
favourite= like„best 最喜欢
favourite: things I like doing in my free time
14. My dream is to be 成为
拓展：work as = be (am / is / are) 是„„职位
15. I am good at swimming and playing basketball.
be good at doing sth. 擅长做某事（介词+ v-ing）
拓展：be good/ nice/ friendly to sb.对某人友好 be good/ bad for 对„„有益处/害处
16. my favourite this复数为 these；that复数为those
谓语动词are与hobbies单复数统一
17. I !
want to do sth.想要做某事= would like to do sth. = feel like doing sth
make friend与„„交朋友
all over the world=every country in the world 全世界
18. I like my school because the teacher are all very friendly.
friendly: adj. 友好的
通常以ly结尾的词是副词，但friendly, lovely, lonely, lively及friendly是形容词。
“对某人友好”用be friendly to sb. = be good/ nice to sb.
make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友
The owner of the shop is very friendly to us.
区别：be good/bad for sb. 对某人有好处/坏处
补充:
19. be far away from 离„„远 how far 多远 how long 多久（回答：for+一段时间） how soon还要多久（in+ 一段时间/ after+ 时间点） how often多久一次（once, twice, three times„） how old多大 how many/ much多少（many+可数，much +不可数），此外，how much也可提问“多少钱”
20. When you listen to强调动作“听”； hear强调结果“听到”
类似：look at”看”（静止的画面）；read“阅读”，看（书）；watch “看”（运动的画面，如电视，比赛）；see 强调结果“看到”
look for寻找 find找到
need to do sth.需要做某事
pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事， 此处“to”为介词，后面跟v-ing，类似look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事 。 大部份情况下，to不定式，后面接动词原形。
拓展：hear from—receive (get) a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信
I often hear from my mother. = I often get a letter from my mother.
hear的过去式是heard; hear 强调听的结果；listen to 强调听的动作；
hear of 听说 hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做过某事
hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事
21. You should then for the answer.
should 应该 listen carefully: v+adv. be careful: be+adj.
then: 那么；然后 for: 表目的 如：look for 寻找 ask for要求，索要
buy sth. for sb.= buy sb. sth. leave for 前往
22. I got an email from Bruce.
a boy called = a boy named = a boy with the name 一个名叫„„的男孩
23. reply—answer someone by saying or writing something v. 回复、回答
answer用法较广泛，可指口头或书面的答复，后面可直接跟名词或代词;而reply则指较正式的，经过考虑后的答复，后面不能直接跟名词或代词，而要加to
answer the question = reply to the question
拓展：the answer to „„的答案 answer the phone接电话
He didn‟t reply to my letter.
24. many English football teams
There be(is/are)句型，常用来表示“某时或某地有某物”，谓语动词就近一致；如果表示某人有某物，则用have(三单：has)。
There is a pen and two books on the deak.
There are two desks and a book on the desk.
拓展：My parents own a Chinese restaurant in Newcastle.
own：v. 拥有 owner: n. 拥有者，主人
He owns a house. = He is the owner of a house.= He has a house. = The house belongs to him.
own = have / has = belong to (记得要把原句的主语和宾语位置颠倒)
There is a tall tree in front of the building.
25. 注意区分：which与what
Which color does she like, red or yellow?
What color does she like? which通常是在一个给定的范围内进行选择，“哪 一个” 而what则是笼统地提问“什么”，也与其它名词连用提问，如what color, what time等。
26. Some students are their dreams.
talk about 谈论 talk to sb对某人说话 talk with sb. 与某人交谈
此外，talk也可做名词： give a talk about 做一个关于„„的演讲
27. I want to be= My dream is 我的梦想是成为„„
to be 成为
28. I我想成为你的网友。
„d like to do sth. = would like to do sth. = want to do sth. = feel like doing sth 想要做某事 事
29. I like doing sth.= enjoy doing sth.= be fond of doing sth.喜欢做某事
too, either, also 均表示“也”。但是too用于肯定句末，also用于肯定句中, either用于否定句末。
30. I saw you blog on the Internet 在网上，通过网络
类似的用法：on the TV, on the radio, on the phone
31. My school be far away from 离„„远
32. I you soon.
hope to do sth. 想要做某事
hear from sb. = get/receive a letter from sb.= get/receive one‟s letter 收到某人的来信
learn about 了解
33. I can write address
in+语言 表示“用某种语言” speak+语言“说某种语言”
enjoy oneself = have a good time / have fun
34. reply—answer someone by saying or writing something v. 回复、回答
answer用法较广泛，可指口头或书面的答复，后面可直接跟名词或代词;而reply则指较正式的，经过考虑后的答复，后面不能直接跟名词或代词，而要加to
answer the question = reply to the question
拓展：the answer to „„的答案 answer the phone接电话
He didn‟t reply to my letter.
35. enjoy: v. 喜欢，享受„„的乐趣
enjoy后面接名词、代词或动词ing形式，即enjoy sth. / doing sth. 喜欢做某事
拓展：enjoy oneself = have a good/great time = have fun 玩得开心，过得愉快
Did you enjoy the movie last night?
36. I am 163cm tall.
“基数词+单位词+形容词”可表示身高、体重、长度、宽度、年龄等。
The room is 6 meters long, and 5 meters wide and 2.5 meters high.
The little boy is only 6 months old. My sister is 40 kilograms heavy.
区分：high与tall
tall主要用来修饰人、物、烟囱等细长物的高度，不能指山的高度。high一般用来修饰山岳以及不与地面接触的人或物。指建筑物的高度时，两者可通用。
a tall/ high building a high mountain
He is a tall man. He is high up in the tree.
36. look it up in a dictionary查字典
look them up查阅它们 look up the words查查这些单词
37. be able to = can 能够
在一般现在时和一般过去时中，两者可通过；在将来时中，表能力通常用be able to，但是当从们现在决定将来是否有做某事的能力时，can 也常常可用。
I will be able to speak English in a few months.
Can you come to my birthday party on Saturday?
38.less than 不到，少于。其反义词组是more than 多于
The boy is less than ten years old.
less 是 little 的比较级； more是 many 和 much 的比较级。
39. be like = look like
What‟s sb. like? = What does sb. look like? 某人长得怎么样？（此外，be like 也可对品性提问，而look like则不行。）
40.写信
开头语：
I am very glad to hear from you.
Thank you for your letter.
I haven‟t written to you for a long time. How I miss you. (暂时未学，可不讲此种开头) 结尾语
Best wishes to you!
I hope to hear from you soon.(hope to do sth.)
I‟m looking forward to hearing from you soon.(look forward to doing sth.)
落款签名
Yours Your truly Yours sincerely
Chapter One Making friends Language
一、带特殊疑问词的特殊疑问句 (what / where / when / how / who (whom) / whose / which / why / how old / how many / how much / how long / how often / how soon / how far)
要注意: 对时间提问的几个疑问词when, how long和how soon的区别；
对数量提问的how many和how much的区别(另外how much还可以问价格)；
二、不定冠词(a / an) 和 定冠词the的用法 (首次提到某人或某物用不定冠词, 谈到上文已经提过的人或物用定冠词)；
三、连词(and / but / so)的用法(and”和”表并列, but”但是”表转折, so”所以”表结果)。
一、疑问词的用法
以疑问代词what, who, whom, whose, which或疑问副词when, where, why, how等放在句首提问的句子，叫特殊疑问句。答句必须针对问句中的疑问词来回答。
1. 疑问代词：
what用于对句子的主语、宾语、表语提问。用于提问“事情、东西”，还可以提问“姓名、职业、时间”等。
Who, whom, whose只能指人，who“谁”，常作主语，whom“谁”，常作宾语，whose“谁的”，常作定语或表语。Who可用来代替whom,但前面有介词时只能用whom, 不能用who. which用来询问人或物，一般有特定的选择范围。
What did you say? What would you like to eat today?
What’s your brother? = What did your brother do? = what’s your brother’s job?
Who taught you English last year?
Whose father works in Beijing?
Which is your sister of the two girls?
2. when, where, why, how分别对时间、地点、原因和方式。
When did you arrive here? 你什么时候到这里的?
Where were you last night? 你昨晚在哪里？
Why were you late again? 你怎么又迟到了？
How do you go to school? 你怎样上学的？
注：when与what time的区别：when指的是大体的时间，而what time询问的是具体的时间。 --What time shall we meet? -- At ten o’clock.
--When shall we meet? --Tomorrow.
3. how many用于询问“多少”，且后面接可数名词复数。how much用于提问“多少”，后面接不可数名词，也可对“钱”提问。
--How many students are there in your class? --There are 50 students in our class. --How much time do we still have? --We have 15 minutes.
4. how old用于提问年龄“多大岁数”；how long用于提问时间或长度“多长时间，长度多长”，回答用“for+一段时间”；how soon用于提问时间“还要多久”，回答用“in+一段时间”；how far提问距离“有多远”；how often用于提问频率“多长时间一次”。
--How old is your sister? --She is 14 years old.
--How long will you stay here? --I’ll stay here for two days.
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