【www.guakaob.com--翻译】
2. Unit 1 Encyclopaedias 语法
Date:_______ name:_______
【知识要点】
一、some 和any
some 和any都可以修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词，表示“一些…….”,但是二者在 用法上还是有一定的区别的。
1、some一般用于肯定句或者表示建议请求并希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中。
David has some friends in shanghai.
May I have some chicken?
Would you like some noodles?
2、any一般用于否定句和疑问句中，用于never, hardly, without等词之后，用于if / whether之后。
Mary hasn’t hardly got any pens.
Let us hope we can settle the matter without any more trouble.
Do you have any question?
二、复合不定代词
复合不定代词 一般是用some, any, no, every与one, thing, body组合构成的。
1、一般来说，some构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句中，any构成的复合不定代词用于否定句或疑问句中。
I saw nobody.
There is not anybody in the room.
Is there anything on the bookcase?
2、复合不定代词作主语的时候，谓语用单数形式。
Somebody wants to see you.
3、形容词修饰复合不定代词的时候，要放在代词的后面
Do you have anything important to tell us?
【典型例题】
1、(2012. 贵阳)It’s polite to take flowers as a gift when you go to visit a friend.
A. little B. any C. some D. a little
2、（北京朝阳中考）There isn’t nd get some.
A. many B. lots C. any D. some
3、(北京卷)There’s ________ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get ________ ?
A. little; some B. little; any C. a little; some D. a little; any
4、(全国卷) ―I feel a bit hungry. ―Why don’t you have ________ bread?
A. any B. some C. little D. a
5、It's polite to take _______ flowers as a gift when you go to visit a friend.
A. little B. any C some
6、They need some more workers and money to build the bridge.（改否定句）
They don't need _____ more workers _____ money to build the bridge.
7、I can't connect my computer to the Internet. There must be ______ wrong with it.
A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing
8、Mrs Brown is nice.Every day she tried to cook _______ for me during my stay in Canada.
A. something different B. anything different
C. nothing different D. everything different
【随堂小测】
一、单项选择
1. We have apples. But we don’t have bananas.
A. some; some B. any; any C. some; any D. any; some
2. Is there A. something interesting B. anything interesting
C. interesting something D. interesting anything
3. —Is here?
—Yes, we are all here.
A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody
4. —Does —Me.
A. everybody B. anybody C. somebody D. nobody
5. —Peter has nothing to do at the moment.
— Let me give him to read.
A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
6. Please keep quiet,everybody. I have _____important to tell you.
A. nothing B. something C. everything D. anything
7. There must be _______ wrong with the clock , it doesn't work.
A. nothing B. something C. everything D. Anything
8. CCTV-10 often plays________around the world. It can help us learn more about not only nature but also different cultures and customs.
A. new;something B. something;new C. anything;new D. new;anything
9. I think ________can make Andy change his mind. He is such a person who never gives up easily.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
10. Mr Wang is an excellent teacher.______in our class loves her.
A. someone B. no one C. everyone D. anyone
【针对练习】
1. They were all very tired, but _______ of them took a rest.
A. none B. all C. both D. either
2. I asked John for ______ ink,but he didn't have________.
A. any ,some B. any,any C. some,any D. some,some
3. I don't have _____ money. Could you please lend me_______?
A. any ,some B. some,any C. any,any D. some,some
4. Lincoln came from nothing, yet he did ______that changed the world.
A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything
5. --How is Helen in the new school?
--She id doing very well.There is ____to worry about.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
6. There is _____in today's homework.
A. difficult nothing
C. nothing difficult
B. difficult anything D. anything difficult
Unit 1 Encyclopaedias
1.painter paint
动词改为名词加上后缀-er
teach- teacher sing-singer read-reader
visit- visitor invent-inventor
有些动词加上-er或者加上-or变为名词多指男性，若指女性加后缀-ress actor- actress waiter-waitress tailor-tailoress author-authoress
2.cook n./v.
3.I have some questions about dinosaurs.
About指代内容比较普遍 ,on 暗指内容是专门的，是学术性的
4.There isn’t anybody in the room.
1)不定代词为单数
2)There be这里有
The books are _________ the table.
There is a bridge ____________ the river.
6.It’s always useful to have an encyclopaedia around the house.(P10)
It’s +adj+for sb to do sth...对于某人来说做某事是.....
It为形式主语，没有实际意义，正真的主语是后面的不定式短语...
7.A week later....(P12)
一段时间+later,表示一段时间之后，常用于过去时。
表将来的一段时间之后_________________________
8.表花费：
spend(s) / spent … spend(s) / spent … ( pay(s)/ paid…. cost(s) sb. … takes / took sb. …注意各句型中的主语、介词及动词(本身及后面接的动词)的形式
9. a number of & a lot of许多(P14)
a number of + 可数名词复数
a lot of + 可数名词复数/不可数名词
eg. A lot of people were queuing for the film.
许多人排队等著看那部电影.（可用a number of代替）
I haven't got a lot of time.
我时间不多了.(不可用a number of 代替)
注：短语the number of… (……的数目) 做主语时，谓语动词用单数。如： The number of the students in our school is 900. 我们学校的学生数目是900。
10. as +adj/adv(原级)+as 和……一样……(P3)
I am as tall as my sister.我和姐姐一样高。（tall,形容词） 他工作和我同样努力。(hard,副词)
She sings as well as me. 她唱得和我一样好。(well,副词)
否定形式: not as/so + adj/adv(原级)+as 不如……一样
He is not as/so tall as me.= He is shorter than me.
11.look for & find & find out
look for强调"找"的动作和过程。如：I'm looking for my book. 我正在找我的书。
find强调"找"的结果，即"找"到还是没"找"到。
如： I look for my book everywhere, but I can't find it. 我到处找我的书, 但没找到。
find out表示"查出, 努力查找"。往往是指通过努力去查明事情的真相或查找答案等。如：
The teacher tries to find out who is not in the classroom. 老师试着查出谁没在教室。
12.It was made in 1964 by John Landy.(P13)
这是一个被动句，谓语 was made 意为“被建造”
英语中有两个语态，主动语态和被动语态。
主语 be+动词过去分词 by+主动语态中的主语
13.Landy wanted something to make people come to his fruit shop, so he built the Big Banana.(P13)
Make sb do sth.....have /let
14.Many people visited his fruit shop and took pictures of Big Banana.(P13) Take pictures/take photos of ......
15.Visitors can climb up to the Big Merino’s head and look at the view through its eyes..(P13)
Through 介词 ，通过，透过，强调从物体内部通过
Look through go through
16.Sometimes an encyclopaedia tells us where to look for more information on a similar subject..(P14)
Information 信息，情报，资料。它是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
Advice, music ,work, weather, fun.............
17.at the end of ........在......的末尾，在......的尽头（P4）
There is a park at the end of the road.
In the end 最后
18.When I was young, I used to keep a notebook.(P4)
used to do..... 过去常常做某事 否定：didn’t use to........
19.They were not very good,but they helped me think and dream.
Help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事
Help ab with sth......
She often helps me to study English.=She often helps me with my English. Help oneself to ..........
Can’t help doing .....She can’t help laughing.
能力提升
一．根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。
1.Edison was a great i___________ in the world.
2.--How much is the book?--20 d___________.
3.Sall was b____________ in a small town in London.
4.There are two _____________(笔记本)on the desk.
二．用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.It is useful _____________(learn)a foreign language.
2.Can you help me __________(carry)the box ,lily?
3.Remember __________(write)to me when you get to Beijing.
4.I need some _______(photo).Do you have any?
5.About two __________(million)people listened to the programme.
三．单项选择
1.Listening is just as ____________as speaking in language learning.
A.important B.more important
C.most important D.the most important
2.Do you have __________________ to say for our travel?
A.else anything B.anything else C.else something D.something else
3.___________ birds died because of pollution.
A.Two millions B.Millions of C.Million of D.Two millions of
4.There ___________ still some milk in the fridge. You don’t need to go to the store today.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
5.What a fine day!Let’s go ___________ a walk.
A.for B.at C.out D.in
6.The poor old man ___________ a week ago.
A.dead B.death C.dies D.died
7.Don’t look _____________ the windows in class,We must listen to the teacher carefully.
A.out of B.out C.into D.up
8.The PLA man saved three ________ lives in the accident.
A.chlidren’s B.children C.child D.child’s
9.-Do you have _______ pencils?
- No ,but I have________pens.
A.some,any B.any,some C.some,some D.any,any
10.Nobody ___________ me English .I have to learn it by myself.【unit,1,encyclopaedias】
A.teach B.teaches C.teaching D.to teach
三．完形填空。
Charles Dickens, one of the greatest English writers born in 1812, in one of the small of England.
When Dickens was nine years old, the family 3 to London, the capital of England. There was several young children in the family. Their life was hard, so Dickens could not to school.
Only until his father was 5 of prison, could Charles go to school. At that time, he was already twelve years old. But he did not finish school. Two years later he The future writer often went to the library He read . Then Dickens wrote lots of novels all his life. Dickens but people are still reading his books ( ) 1. A. is B. are C. was D. were
( ) 2. A. town B. towns C. family D. country
( ) 3. A. moves B. moved C. moving D. to move
( ) 4. A. went B. go C. to go D. going
( ) 5. A. out B. at C. off D. up
( ) 6. A. work B. works C. worked D. to work
( ) 7. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
( ) 8. A. a lot B. many C. a lot of D. very much
( ) 9. A. died B. die C. dying D. death
( ) 10. A. to B. in C. with D. out
四．阅读理解
Do you know that fish come out of eggs when they were born? After the baby fish comes out of the eggs, it eats the food in the eggs. When it is big enough, it leaves the egg. It swims in the water. You can see the eyes and the nose. Its ears are hidden (藏) in the head.
Some fish eat other fish. The fish that eat plants have smaller mouths and teeth. The fish that eat other fish need larger mouths and strong teeth.
Fish are usually dark on the top and light on the bottom..
( ) 1 .Fish starts as __________.
A. eggs B. fish C. food D. Plants
( ) 2 .Fish leave eggs when___________.
A. their mothers tell them to B. they know how to swim【unit,1,encyclopaedias】
C. they are big enough D. they are still very small
( ) 3 .At the very begining the baby fish _____________.
A.Eats the food in the water B.eats the food in the eggs
C.drinks milks D.drinks water
( ) 4 .While fish are swimming in the water, you cannot see their__________.
A. tops B. heads C. eyes D. ears
( ) 5 .The fish with larger mouths and strong teeth are _________.
A. dark on the top and light on the bottom.
B. light on the top and light on the bottom.
C. Fish eaters. D. plants eater.
五．句型转换
1.There was nobody in the classroom.(改为同义句)
There__________ ________ in the classroom.
2.Bill has some books about dinosaurs.(改为否定句)
Bill______ ______ _________ books about dinosaurs.
John born?
_______ __________ did he stay there?
________ __________ you like the countryside?
六．作文
根据内容要点提示用英文写一段文章，简单的介绍一下中国的国宝（national treasure）-大熊猫（panda）。次数80字左右。
产地：中国四川，甘肃等省份。
体貌特征：黑白相间毛皮（black and white fur）,大眼睛，身体虽胖但动作敏捷（move nimbly）,非常招人喜欢。
喜好：最爱吃竹子（bamboo），会爬树，游泳。
寿命：一般20-25年
数量：现在野外生存的仅有1000多只，我们必须努力保护好它们。
Pandas are China’s national treasure._________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 1 Encyclopaedias
Part 1 基础部分
常考短语：
1、出生 2、在农村
3、例如 4、多于、超过
5、人 6、灭绝、消失
7、从……出来 8、在……的末尾
9、正如；正像 10、重要的事
11、以……而闻名 12、一些……一些……
13、多长时间 14、了解、弄清
15、想要
16、紧挨着
17、去散步 18、看起来像
重点句型及其用法集萃
1.learn to do sth 学习做某事
2、many +复数名词 许多……
3、as+形容词、副词的原级+as 与……一样……
4、used to do sth 过去常常做某事
5、help sb. do sth 帮助某人做某事
6、remember to do sth 记着要去做某事
7、so much+不可数名词 如此多的……
8、It is +形容词+to do sth 做某事是……的
9、一段时间+later ……之后
10、make sb do sth使某人做某事
11、a number of +名词复数 许多……
Part 2 课文重点句型及短语讲解
1. Look it up! 查阅一下。
●look up意为“查阅；查询”强调在词典、参考书等工具书里查询。如：
We can look up new words in a dictionary. 我们可以在词典中查新的单词.
拓展：与look 相关的短语： look around 向周围看 look out 向外看；当心 look like 看起来像 look the same 看起来相同 look forward to 盼望
（2013● 杭州） This morning I some new restaurants on the Internet for I wanted to take Mia to a nice restaurant for her birthday.
A. picked up B. looked up C. cleaned up D. gave up
2. Da Vinci 达. 芬奇出生在农村。
●be born意为“出生”.其后可接地点或时间状语，接地点用in，接时间用on或in（具体某一天用on；出生于某年某月用in）如：
Tom was born in Guangzhou on 14 July 1999. 汤姆于1999年7月14日出生于广州。 ●in the countryside 意为“在乡村，在农村”。如：
When he was a child, he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.他小时候和祖父母一起居住在乡下。
从很小的时候起，他就显示除了非凡的智慧和艺术才能
● from an early age 意为“从小起；从幼年起”.
随着年龄的增长，他学会了很多不同的事情。
●as在本句中意为“当„„时候；随着，是连词，引导时间状语从句，它类似于七下unit8
语法板块中学过的引导时间状语从句的连词when，但是含有含有as 引导的时间状语从句，主从句的动作还可以表示“一边„„一边„„”之意。如：
The boy sang as he walked to school. 这个男孩边唱着歌边迈向学校走去.
5. his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines wanted to find.
例如，他的笔记本里就有一些飞行器的有趣的图片.
●for example 意为“例如” 用于列举上文中提到的人、事或物。如：.
A lot of European countries are worth visiting, For example, I have been to the UK, France and Switzerland. 很多欧洲国家都值得一游，譬如我就去过英国、法国和瑞士。
●for example在句子中可以放在开头，也可以作为插入语放在句中。如：
You should visit Hangzhou. Lingyin Temple, for example, is very famous. 你应该去杭州游览。例如灵隐寺就很出名。
恐龙比人类在地球上早出现6000多万年
●more than意为“多于；超过”。它的近义词是over，两者可以互相替换。如：
It will take me more than/ over 2 hours to get to school. 我将要花费2个多小时去学校。
●more than的反义词 less than
有些恐龙小如鸡仔，另一些则有十头大象那么大。
●as…as 中间加形容词的原级，表示“和„„一样„„”的意思，如：
Amy is as tall as her sister. 埃米和她姐姐一样高
后来它们突然全部灭绝了。
●died out 意为“灭绝，消失”如：How did dinosaurs die out? 恐龙是如何灭绝的。
Part 3随堂练习
I. Complete the sentences with proper words.
, he works very hard every day to do a lot of experiments to learn about the life of many plants.
don’t think so.
3. Do you know about World War I and World II? If not, please look them up in that .
4. Mr. Li’voice. It can repeat what you have said.
6. Remember, when you meet a new word, write it down in and ask your teacher or friend later for help.
than Thomas Edison.
looking at me.
he misunderstood my words.
10. The boss asked me several questions. ―Why do you want to come to my company?‖
II. Complete the sentences with the words from the box. Change their forms if necessary. Use each phrase once only.
1. From yesterday’2. I am a fan of Apple products and I have already yuan on iPhones.
3. If you like shopping, you should go to Europe. ,Paris is shopping paradise for you.
4. , her parents read stories to her every night.
5. I prefer to live
6. Before Sandy , his dad died of an accident.
just like dinosaurs one day.
III. Translation
1. 我于2000年2月14日出生于武汉。（be born）
2.当我经过他的身边时，我给了他的一封信。（as, walk past）
3.左边的这张照片是我的，但右边的那张是汤姆的。(one)
4.西蒙在广州住过两年多的时间。(for, more than)
5.这本字典包括15000多个单词和大约3000幅图片。( include )
6.有些狗和狼一样大，有些则和老鼠一样小。 (as…as, Some…Others…)
7.猛犸于8000多年前灭绝，但我们可以通过它们的骨髓来了解它们。( mammoth, died out, learn about, skeleton )
8.当我突然张开双眼的时候，我的面前放着一块蛋糕。(suddenly )
Part 4 Grammar
一、some 和any
some 和any都可以修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词，表示―一些…….‖,但是二者在
用法上还是有一定的区别的。
1.some一般用于肯定句或者表示请、建议并希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中。 David has some friends in shanghai.
May I have some chicken?
Would you like some noodles?
2. any一般用于否定句和疑问句中
Mary hasn’t got any pens. 玛丽没有钢笔。
(1) (2012. 贵阳) It’s A. little B. any C. some
(2) (北京朝阳中考) There isn’t water in the glass. Let’s go and get some.
A. many B. lots C. any D. some
二、复合不定代词
1. I saw nobody.
2. There is not anybody in the room.
3. Is there anything on the bookcase?
复合不定代词 一般是用some, any, no, every与one, thing, body组合构成的。 1、一般来说，some构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句中，any构成的复合不定代词用于 否定句或疑问句中。
2、复合不定代词作主语的时候，谓语用单数形式
Somebody wants to see you.
3、形容词修饰复合不定代词的时候，要放在代词的后面
Do you have anything important to tell us?
一、单项选择
apples. But we don’t have bananas.
A. some; some B. any; any C. some; any D. any; some
in this book?
A. something interesting B. anything interesting
C. interesting something D. interesting anything
3.—Is here?
—Yes, we are all here.
必记短语
listen to 听 learn about 了解到 talk about 谈论
in the countryside 在乡村，在农村 be born 出生
human being 人 die out 灭绝，消失
at the end of 在...的尽头，在...末尾
used to 过去常常 know about 知道关于...的情况
one day 有一天 be famous for 因.....而出名 so much 如此多
find out了解到，弄清 by the window 在窗户旁边
next to 挨着 be interested in 对....感兴趣 be sure 确信
in the mountains 在山上 do with 处理
in the newspaper 在报纸上 all kinds of 各种各样的
a number of许多，大量 since then 自从那时
be made up of由....组成，构成 connect....to 把....和.....连接起来
for example =such as 例如 more than =over 多余 超过 just like=be like 正如 正像 How long 多久
would like to =want to 想要 go for a walk =take a walk 散步
from an early age 早期 从很小时 look up 向上看 查阅
词汇解析
human 人的，the human body人体
【知识拓展】human，人，也写作human being。
Dogs can hear much better than humans.狗的听觉比人灵敏的多。
练习：1.We are all h______beings.
2.Wolves will not usually attack（袭击) h__________.
3.These robots are just like h_________.
learn about 获悉，得知，了解到about是介词，后面接名词，代词做宾语，about
也可用of代替。
例：We're all sorry to learn about her illness.
听到她生病的消息，我们都很难过。
listen to 意为“听”。listen 意为“听”，指听的过程，强调动作，是不及物动
词，不能直接跟宾语，若表示听某人或某事时，后面要加介词to，to后接名词或
代词。
例：Listen to a radio programme about the “Human Encyclopedia”.
听关于“百科全书”的广播节目。
练习 1.我很高兴帮你了解中国。
I am glad to help you ______ __________China.
2.我经常听收音机学习英语。
I often _____ ________ _______ _______and learn English.
Inventor 发明家
He is a famous inventor.他是一位有名的发明家。
【知识拓展】（1）invent 发明，创造，指发明，创造出来的是以前没有的东西。 Gilbert discovered electricity，but Edison invented the light bulb.
吉尔伯特发现了电，但爱迪生发明了灯泡。
(2)invention 发明
The invention of the computer marked the beginning of a new era.
计算机的发明标志着一个新时代的开始。
musician 音乐家，可数名词。
a piece of music 一首音乐 listen to music 听音乐
【知识拓展】music 音乐，乐曲 musical 音乐的
Scientist 科学家
【知识拓展】-ist是表示人的职业类词汇的后缀：
scient 科学--------scientist 科学家
art 艺术----------artist 艺术家
piano 钢琴----------pianist 钢琴家
violin小提琴-------violinist 小提琴家
born 出生 be born on +地点 ；be born in出生于
I was bornin1980.我生于1980年。【unit,1,encyclopaedias】
ability 才能，能力，复数是abilities ， have the ability to do sth有能力做某事 perhaps 可能，大概
【词语辨析】maybe ，perhaps，possible，probably
这四个词都意为“可能”，但表示可能性大小不一样，其顺序如下：
maybe，或许，大概，主要用于非正式场合，常用于口语中，语气比perhaps轻。 perhaps，也许，可能，副词，一般指小于一半可能性，较多的含有“不大可能”的意思。
possibly，也许，或者，可能，可能性较大，用于否定句中表示“无论如何"之意 Probably，很可能，大概，在这组中可能性最大，表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。
include 包括，包含 The price of the room includes breakfast.房间的租金包括在早餐在内。
【词语辨析】include , including , included
（1）include 为及物动词，意为“包含，包括”指整体中包含明确说出的某些部分，有时不一定举出所包含的全部内容。
The price includes both house and furniture.价钱包括房子和家具
（2）including 介词，意为“包含，包括”
There are seven people, including four men. 共有七人，包括四位男士。
（3）included 为形容词，意为“包括在内的”，常用于名词之后。它和including引起的短语含义相同，但是在句中的词序位置不同。
Everybody had something to say, me included/ including me.
nobody 没有人，nobody 相当于 not ...... anybody.
I saw nobody.=I didn't see anybody.我没有见到一个人。
新词强化训练
根据汉语提示完成句子
1.I was _______(出生） in a small village.
2.I'm planning to spend some time in the beautiful __________(乡村).I love nature.
3.He has the ________(能力）to be the manager .
4.________(也许）I'll see him tomorrow,but I’m not sure.
5.I think the most helpful______(发明) is the light bulb.
6._________(甚至） a child can understand it.
7.My house is small .It's very comfortable,_______(然而）.
8._______(突然）there was a loud noise .
9.I opened the the door ,but I could see___________(无人）.
用所给词的适当形式填空
10.The Chinese __________(inventor) the compass(指南针）.
11.She likes listening to __________(musician).
12.My favorite subject is _________(scientist)
13.You'll find the plan ___________(include) most of your suggestions.
14.Their daughter is very ______________(intelligence)
more than 后接数词，意为“超过，多于" ，相当于over
He has been ill for more than two weeks,.他病了俩周多。
look up 查找，后面接名词或代词做宾语必须放在look与up之间。
Please look it up in the dictionary,if you don't know. 如果你不明白就请查字典。
on earth 在地球上，在世界上，在人间，相当于in the world.
Dinosaurs lived on earth more than 60 million years before human beings. 在人类之前，恐龙在地球上生活了6千多万年。
【知识拓展】on earth 意为“究竟”。一般用于疑问词后表示强调
Where on earth have you been just now.刚才你究竟去哪了？
as+形容词或副词原级+as 表示双方在某个方面一样，前一个as是副词，其后跟形容词或副词原级，后一个as是连词，常引导一个省略的比较状语从句。not as +形容词或副词原级+as 表示双方在某个方面不同。
We think science is as important as maths.我们认为自然科学和数学一样重要。
used to 意为“过去常常，以前常常”，后面接动词原形，表示过去的习惯，只表示过去和现在的对比，暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态。
I used to be afraid of the dark.我过去常常怕黑。
something important 意为重要的事情，something 为不定代词，形容词修饰复合不定代词时放在不定代词后面
I want to do something different. 我想做些不同的事。
remember 及物动词，意为“记得，记住”，remember to do something 意为“记得去做某事”，remember doing sth 意为“记得做过某事”。
Please remember to post the letter for me. 请记得为我邮这封信。
I remember telling you about her. 我记得告诉过你关于她的事。
famous 出名的，著名的，sb +be famous for 指某人以某种知识，技能或特征出名。 sb + be famous as 指某人以某种身份出名，其后的介词宾语与主语是同位成分。
Einstein was famous for his Theory of Relativity.爱因斯坦以他的《相对论》而闻名 Einstein was famous as a great scientist.爱因斯坦以一位伟大的科学家而著称。 sp+ be famous for 指某地以某种地产而出名。sp +be famous as 指以什么样的产地或地方出名。
This area is famous for its green tea. 这个地区以绿茶而出名。
This area is famous as a green tea producing place.这个地区是著名的绿茶产地。
else 意为别的，其他的，通常修饰不定代词something等，疑问代词what等，疑问副词when 等，else 用在这些词之后。
Who else did you see?你还看见别人了吗？
for example 与 such as
这俩个短语都是“例如”的意思，
for example 用来举例说明某一论点或情况，一般只列举同类人或事物中的“一个”为例，做插入语，可放在句首，句中或句末。
For example, I'll help you with your study.例如，我会在学习上帮助你。
such as 用来举例，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个为例，插在被例举的事物与名词之间，as后面不可有逗号。
I know many of them, such as Mike, Tom ,and Bill.
【知识巩固】
根据汉语意思完成句子
1.我们学校有三千多名学生。
There are _______ ______ three thousand students in our school.
2.关于中国文学你了解多少？
How much do you ______ ______ the Chinese literature.
3.例如，约翰就有相同的观点。
______ ________,John has the same opinion.
4.如果你不认识这个单词，可以在字典中查找它。
If you don't know this world ,you can _______ _________ _________in the dictionary.
5.地球上有上百万种生物。
There are millions of living things _________ __________.
6.我们学校有许多花，一些是红的，另一些是黄的。
There are many flowers in our school; ____are red; ________are yellow.
7.他和哥哥一样高。
He is ______ _______ __________his brother.
8.我希望有一天能参观夏威夷。
I hope to visit Hawaii __________ ___________.
用适当的介词或副词填空
9.Please connect the printer _________the computer.
10.At the end _____this road, you can see a supermarket.
11. Because of the environment problems, many kinds of animals have died _______.
12.China is famous _______the Great Wall.
13.Yao Ming is famous __________ a basketball player.
win 赢，获胜后面接match, game 等名词做宾语
He won a prize yesterday.他昨天得了一个奖。
【词汇辨析】beat 也可表示“打败，战胜”的意思，但此后只能 接表示人的词做宾语，此外，beat还有“敲打”的意思，表示连续不断的动作。
We weren't sure we could beat them.我们没有把握能打败他们。
His heart is still beating.他的心脏还在跳动。
【强化训练】
What an exciting football match !Dalian Shide Team________Shanghai Shenhua.
A. won B.lost C.failed D.beat
find out 意为“查明，弄清楚情况”指找出比较难找的抽象事物。
【知识拓展】find强调经过寻找后的结果，表示“发现”
I find a watch on the road. 我在路上发现了一块表。
find out 意为“发现，弄清，查明”强调“经过调查，研究或仔细搜寻而得出某一事情的真相或结论”
We shall find out the truth early or later.我们迟早会查明真相。
look for 意为“寻找”着重找的过程。
I look for my cat,but I didn't find it. 我到处找我的猫，但是没找到。
【巩固训练】
他下决心查明那个男孩发生了什么事情。
He decided to _____ _________what had happened to the boy.
让我们去寻找答案。
Let's go and ________ _________ the answers.
expect 及物动词，意为“期望，指望，认为'”强调等待的“心境”（即期待某事会发生，某人会来）。
广州八年级英语上
Unit 1 Encyclopedias
一．基础知识应用
A 单项选择
1. She looks as ______ as usual.
A. happy B. happily C. happier D. happiest
2. If you don‟t know the meaning of the words, you can look _____ in the dictionary.
A. at them B. them up C. after them D. them down
3. You can get much _____ about the World Expo on the Internet.
A. map B. picture C. ticket D. information
4. Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly ______ left in his house.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
5. Most people believe that success usually ______ hard work and dedication.
A. take B. spend C. takes D. spends
6. The encyclopedia ________ eight units and many different topics.
A. makes B. finds C. builds D. contains
7. Mum is ill. I have to ______ her at home
A. look for B. look at C. look around D. look after
8. —————————————— people in the world are sending and receiving e-mails every
day.
A. Millions of B. Many millions of
C. Several million of Ｄ. Several millions
9. I saw the doctor_____ in the city of Shanghai last year. Maybe he comes from Shanghai.
A anywhere B. everywhere C. here and there D. somewhere
10. Tomorrow we‟ll go to the city park _____ it is sunny.
A. as soon as B. when C. if D. as
11.Someone says, “Time is money.” But I think time is _____important than money.
A. much B. less C. much least D. even more
12.There is ______ in today‟s newspaper so I don‟t enjoy reading it
A. nothing interesting B. interesting nothing
C. something interesting D. interesting something
13.The sun goes ______ the window and warms the room.
A. into B. across C. through D. cross
14. The USB and CD-ROM are used for ____ information.
A. giving B. copying C. typing D. storing
15.—Would you like some coffee?
__ No，thanks. I ________drink coffee. Coffee is bad for my stomach.
A. almost B. already C. hardly D. still
B．补全对话。
A:I don‟t know how to find my topic in this encyclopedia, Betty, would you like to help me?
B: Sorry, I have no ___16____, either. You can ask Kelly.
A: Do you have any idea, Kelly?
C: I think an encyclopedia _ 17___ of many volumes and in each volume, the topic is in
alphabetical ____18____
A: That‟s a good idea, and what should I do next?
C: you can find the guide word on __19___ of each page.
A: That‟s great. Thank you so much.
C. If you have a computer, you can find it easily ___20_____.
A. top B. online C. consists D. order E. idea F. include
二． 完形填空
Mary and Peter were having a picnic near a river when Mary noticed something flying
overhead.“ __21__ ,” she shouted to her friends. “ That’s a spaceship up there
and it’s going to __22__ here.”
Frightened(吓唬) by the strange silver colored spaceship, __23__ of the young
people got in their __24__ and drove away quickly. Peter __25_ Mary and always close
to her. They, more __26__ than frightened, watched the spaceship land, saw a door
open. When nobody __27__ , they went to the spaceship and looked into。In the center
of the floor __28__ was a pile of food. Peter followed Mary into the spaceship and
didn’t __29__ the door close behind him. The temperature fell quickly and the __30__
young people lost consciousness(知觉).
When they woke up, they were __31__ to see that they were back by the river __32__ .
The spaceship had gone. Their car was nearby.
“What __33__ ?” said Mary.
“Don’t ask me; perhaps we had a __34__ .” Peter said slowly. “Did you „ did
you see a spaceship?”
“Yes,” said Mary. “Oh, Peter, we __35__ have seen a UFO coming from another
world.”
21. A. Look B. Come C. Stop D. Stand
22. A. arrive B. come C. land D. leave
23. A. none B. some C. many D. most
24. A. cars B. rooms C. houses D. buses
25. A. knew B. liked C. saw D. met
26. A. afraid B. worried C. careful D. curious (好奇)
27. A. come along B. came over
C. came out D. came round
28. A. it B. there C. that D. this
29. A. know B. think C. hear D. hope
30. A. two B. three C. four D. five
31. A. happy B. surprised C. interested D. ready
32. A. again B. too C. later D. finally
33. A. started B. stopped C. happened D. landed
34. A. rest B. dream C. drink D. walk
35. A. could B. would C. should D. must
三． 阅读理解 共18小题 A节每小题1.5分 B节每小题1分，共25分
A节： 阅读并选择正确答案
A
A young officer was at a railway station. On his way home, he wanted to telephone his mother to
tell her the time of his train, so that she could meet him at the station in her car. He looked in all his
pockets, but found that he did not have the right money for the telephone, so he went outside and
looked around for someone to help him.
At last an old soldier came by, and the young officer stopped him and said, "Have you got change
for ten pence?"
"Wait a moment, " the old soldier answered, beginning to put his hand in his pocket, "I'll see
whether I can help you. "
"Don't you know how to speak to an officer?" the young man said angrily. "Now let's start again.
Have you got change for ten pence?"
"No, sir, " the old soldier answered quickly.
36. The young officer wanted to telephone his mother to tell her _________. ( )
A. that he was going to visit her
B. when his train would leave
C. when his train would arrive
D. that he was now at the railway station
37. He looked around for help because he _________. ( )
A. didn't have coins for the phone call
B. had no money to make the phone call
C. didn't have the local money
D. wanted to change money
38. The old soldier _________. ( )
A. was glad to help him
B. didn't know if he had coins
C. didn't want to help him
D. was angry
39. The young officer was angry because he thought the old soldier _________. ( )
A. didn't know how to speak to him
B. didn't want to help him
C. didn't answer him correctly
D. was not friendly to him
40. The old soldier in the story was_________. ( )
A. clever B. stupid
C. polite D. friendly
B
December 25 is Christmas Day(圣诞节). Christmas is an important holiday in many countries. On
Christmas Day, most families get together for a big dinner. They give presents to each other and
visit friends. The Christmas tree is an important part of the Christmas holiday. Most families buy
trees. The families decorate(装饰) the tree together. Parents usually tell their children that Father
Christmas comes during the night and brings presents to good children. Of course, Father Christmas
isn’t real. The parents of the children are really “Father Christmas”. They put the presents under
the tree or into their children’s stocking(长统袜) after the children go to sleep.
41. When is Christmas Day? __________.
A. November 25 B. December 25 C. December 24 D. December 26
42. What do most families in America do on Christmas Day? __________.
A. They only have a big dinner together
B. They have a big dinner, exchange (交换) presents and visit friends
C. They just visit friends and exchange presents
D. They exchange presents only
43. Who is really “Father Christmas”? ___________.
A. Their parents B. Their father
C. Their mother D. Father Christmas
44. When Christmas Day is coming, the parents __________.
A. usually tell their children that Father Christmas isn‟t real
B. tell their children that Father Christmas comes during the night and brings presents to good
children
C. sometimes tell their children that Father Christmas comes during the day
D. often tell their children that Father Christmas gives presents to poor children
45. When did parents put the presents into their children‟s stocking? __________.
A. Before the children go to sleep B. After the children go to sleep
C. December 26 D. At midnight of December 25
C
No one knows how man learned to make words. Perhaps he began by making sounds like
those made by animals. Perhaps he grunted（发出呼噜声）like a pig when he lifted something heavy.
Perhaps he made sounds like those he heard all round him----water splashing（飞溅）, bees humming
（嗡嗡作响声）, a stone falling to the ground. Somehow he learned to make words. As the
centuries went by, he made more and more new words. This is what we mean by language.
People living in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about
fifteen hundred different languages in the world. Each contains four or five hundred thousand words.
But we do not need all these. Only a few thousand words are used in everyday life.
The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary
bigger. Read as many books as you can. There are plenty of books written in easy language. Your
dictionary is your most useful book.
46．What do we mean by language?
A．Sounds made by man.
B．All the words made by man.
C．Different kinds of sound.
D．The way man learns.
47．From the passage we know that long long ago ______. [ ]
A．no one learned how to make sounds or words
B．animals taught to learn the language
C．Man learned the language by lifting heavy things, falling to the ground, and so on
D．Man followed a lot of things in nature to make sounds and words
48．What is the number of language spoken in the world today? [ ]
A．500
B．5, 000
C．1, 500
D．15, 000
49．In which sentence can the word “contain (s)” be put so that it is a right one? [ ]
A．I ______several dictionary
B．Sea water______ salt.
C．A dog ______four legs
D．Mr Smith ______glasses on his nose
B节：下面短文共有六段组成，开头和结尾都已经给出，其余的四个段落都是随机排列的。
请根据段落之间的逻辑关系，用字母A 。B 。C 。D 重新排列这四个段落的顺序，使短文
通顺。 1． Soon Bob could hardly see his hands before his face. He could not find the road. Bob knew
there were two roads. One road went to the camp, and the other went to his house. But all was
white snow. Everything was the same. How could he take his friends back to the camp?
2. In the afternoon when they were about ten kilometres from their camp(营地), it started to snow.
More and more snow fell.
3． They put up their tents (帐篷) and then rode off to a forest to see how the trees were growing.
4． Bob had an idea. The horses! Let the horses take them back! But what would happen if the
horses took the road to his house? That would be a trip of thirty-five kilometres in such cold
weather! 正确顺序为 50________ 51________ 52 _________ 53 _________
第二部分 非选择题 （四大题；共90分）
四．阅读与回答问题 （共15小题, 每小题2 分；满分30 分）
阅读下列短文，然后根据其内容回答问题。
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