please是什么意思

| 翻译 |

【www.guakaob.com--翻译】

please是什么意思(一)
please是什么意思_please的用法及例句

please是什么意思呢?下面21教育小编为各位英语学生准备了这个英语单词的常用意思翻译及例句:
用作adv.翻译为:请(=plz)
please的用法和例句
原文 翻译
Please come with me. 请跟我来。
Please call if you require assistance. 如果需要帮忙,请打电话。
Please fill in the arrival card. 请填写这张入境卡。
用作动词 (v.)
原文 翻译
It is better to please a fool than to anger him. 惹得傻瓜发火,不如使他快乐。
Those new ideas will never please the old guard. 那些新的思想决不会使保守分子高兴。
It's difficult to please everybody. 很难做到人人满意。
I am not bound to please you with my service. 我没有义务非得要侍候得使你满意不可。
Take as many as you please. 你要多少就拿多少。
I have a right to go where I please . 我有权去我愿意去的地方。
And you can do the same thing if you please. 只要你愿意,你也可如此。
He's very hard to please. 取悦他很难。

please是什么意思(二)
cut是什么意思_cut的用法及例句

cut是什么意思呢?下面21教育小编为各位英语学生准备了这个英语单词的常用意思翻译及例句:
用作v.翻译为:切;割;剪;削减;伤害;切牌
cut的用法和例句
原文 翻译
This knife is not sharp enough to cut the steak. 这把刀子不够利,无法切牛排。
Don't cut your finger on the broken glass. 别让碎玻璃割伤你的手。
Face round, please, so that I can cut your hair at the back. 转一下头, 好让我可以剪你后面的头发。
Please cut out the expense in order to save the money. 为了节省钱,请削减开支。
His cruel remarks cut me deeply. 他那无情的话太伤我的心了。
He insisted that we give him the last cut before every deal. 他坚持让我们在每次发牌前都让他来最后切牌。
The fate of the game will be decided in the final cut of the cards. 这局牌的命运将由最后的切牌决定。
用作名词 (n.)
原文 翻译
His cheek was badly scarred by a knife cut. 他的面颊上留有严重的刀疤。
He had a finger cut off by a machine while working. 他在工作时被机器切掉了一个手指。
I don't trke the cut of his new suit. 我不喜欢他那套新衣服的式样。
Before this play is broadcast several cuts must be made. 这个剧目播出前必须经过数次剪辑。

please是什么意思(三)
外贸邮件常用英语

常用英语

2011年01月21日 星期五 6:19 P.M.

I will take a holiday on 13 of Oct . Will back to office on 14 of Oct

if you have any urgently matter please contact with my colleagues:

pls kindly cfm(coNfirm) the attached

d/c note ---账单

FYI(FOR YOU Inference—)

Pls fill attached application with your stamp in order to arrange telex release. Kindly find our SI for SZAWL09093093, pls send us bl copy for checking asap.

Pls kindly find the attached BL darft ,pls cfm and return ,tks

Enclosed si for subject shipment.tks!

Cfm ok, pls arrange tlx rls to us. If need application,pls advise the tlx

application format by return.

the shipment 货物

Please kindly find the telex release letter as attached, pls confirm your receipt by return, pls provide the surrendered MBL copy for the subject B/L within today, Tks

Duly noted

Kindly find attached one set of documents for your refernce

subject shipment此货

Pls check and confirm your receipt by return.收到后请回复。

Pls confirm to our enclosed debit note.

Sorry,pls see attached revised(修改) D/N: SZAWL09082046B

asap(AS SOON AS POSSIBLE)尽快

Received with thanks.

Pls confirm by return before 12:30,tks!

well received

REMINDER提醒 RESEND

Pls check if the cnee of a/m shpt picked up cargo or not.

Pls urgently check and provide devanning report(拆柜报告) for this

shipment to us.

Pls advice the status for below shipment.

1.Please release cargo to consignee without collecting o/bls.------放货

2.Dear n.watanabe,

HBL NM200910010 76CTNS/951.00KGS

Pls HOLD CARGO.-------扣货

>Dear N.watanabe,

>

>1. HBL WD2009100659 1PLT / 330KGS

>2. HBL WD2009100661 1PLT/ 480KGS

>

>Pls help to HOLD above mention two shpts.

拆柜:Pls adv when could you finish the unstuffing ? 何时能拆完柜子

发正本提单给收货人 >Please release cargo to consignee Against collecting o/bls as attachment. 请凭正本提单放货

Pls urgently check and provide devanning report for this shipment to us.请提供拆箱报告

pls ignore(不理睬) the DC note

Co-loader said they could not contact shpr now, they would try to ctc them again tomorrow.

Pls pay attention when the cnee pick up cargo.

Pls advised when the storage charges occur , for 7days free storage charges what you provided to us,

You could debit us for the 8th day ~ the 10th day.

You could debit cnee all storage charges if they did not p/u cargo on the 11th day after devanning.

As the co-loader said, they could p/u cargo on 15th, JAN

>ETA is 7th Jan.

>

>Pls check for us,tks.

Pls kindly check the exact arriving date of this shipment,and whether

consignee picked the shipment or not?(请问这货收货人提走货了没?) Besides, pls keep this HBL for yr records.

(show the wrong dest. on HBL copy , other remain unchanged)

Pls help to check with carrier(船东) about the amendment fee,thanks tax invoice发票

>Please send us arrival notice ,tks.

>

collected delivery order

Pls help revise the BL as attached.tks a lot.

Please check whether consignee picked up the cargo or not ,

if yes, please advise us the exact date.问代理提走货了没

m/bl:149000087695 (发电放单给代理)

> The m/bl have been telex released ,the release number is:MAC2010-CSD/EP2-RLS-705368

The cnee said the cargo have been broken

>Pls urgently check and provide devanning report to us.(跟代理拿拆柜报告) Will send surrendered hb/l copy to you once available.tks!

【please是什么意思】

Fw: Re: Fw: DOC/SZC10011169/Doris/Shenzhen/Yokohama/Seika/UNI-ACCORD V.0893-286N ---- GZC100122 --- O/F PP

H/BL: GZC100122(83CTN/1499KGS/9.5CBM)

>1.Please release the cargo to consignee against original bill as

attachment.(凭正本放货)

>2.O/F PP instead of O/F CC , and please cancel the ocean fee

usd30.00 ,tks.

>3.Please confirm the credit note SZAWL10012476B---USD30.00 ,tks.(g改提单,退费用)

>

> H/BL:CSSPSZLI10010005 (68CTNS/673.2KGS/4.795CBM)(取消费用 BAF ,SYS-BAF SYS高收)

1.Please charge cnee BAF USD5.00/RT in stead of BAF USD10.00/RT

2.please charge cnee SYS USD20.00/RT in stead of SYS USD45.00/RT The total balance we will credit to you as credit note SZAWL10011827B---USD143.86,TKS.

Pls cfm by return.

目的港投诉高收:

Re: DOC/SZC10021257/Doris/Shenzhen/Tokyo/EVER APEX V.0896-322N--SZAWL10022927--LOCAL CHARGE

>Dear watanabe ,

>

> H/BL: SZAWL10012330(3PALLETS/1143.4KGS/2.297CBM)

>

>Please charge cnee:

CFS:JPY3600/RT,THC:1250/RT,DO:JPY4000/SET

The local charges we instructed you first :

CFS:JPY3600/RT,THC:JPY500/RT,DO:JPY2000/SET.

>

We will debit the total balance to you as debit note no: SZAWL10012330B---- USD18.12 TKS.

>

Pls adv the devanning date.(拆柜时间)

账单错了:

The D/N has been amended ,Please kindly find and confirm attached > credit note no:SZAWL10021677B---DOC FEE USD290,TKS.

COMMODITY DESC.(更改品名)

Due to shpr still not pay local charge to us , so we can't arrange to

Surrendered HB/L . Pls be noted.(客人没付款)

2.cancel the L/C NO. in commdity.(品名处有修改)

amendment Fee(修改费用)

devanning report for this container .(此柜子的拆柜报告)

The good of description have been revised as below:(更改品名)

2.revised h/bl as attachment ,please find it.tks.

Attached amended HBL.(修改提单)

货物状态:CARGO STATUS

仓租:Warehouse rental

发货人没收到款,我们放了货:

As per Ms.Eva communicated with you, Shipper "MUSUN PACKAGE" is complaining that consignee did not settle all the goods' payment to shipper yet.

But this shipment is already released as per informed..

Pls kindly assist us to push consignee to arrange payment to shipper urgently in order to avoide more complaints from shipper..

很乐意帮助你:it completely our pleasure to hellpp you!

仓租:

>H/BL:YDX1001027B(38CTNS/519.500KGS/5.6100CBM)

>

>Please advise the devanning date and check when the cnee pick up cargo , as the co-loader said there was storage charges . tks.

HI,do you contact with cnee again? any new? could the cnee advise us the pay fee date?

Pls advise the exact arriving date of this shipment.

Pls advise the storage upto now.. USD? / CBM/DAY ?(问仓租多少,怎么算)

免堆期间:F/T is up to FEB. 15.

And pls kindly help to contact with consignee to get some information

about why they still did not pick the shipment yet?(问客人为什么不提货,不提货的原因)

Well received with tks !

目的港客人签收单 :Pls provide the receipt with cnee's signature.

>Please charge cnee sys USD20/RT in stead of USD55/RT .

Please kindly find and confirm attached credit note no:SZAWL10022711B---

please是什么意思(四)
留学美国——网申100问总结

填表工具和推荐表

1. 填写申请表有哪几种方式?

答:有三种,(1). 直接用手或用打字机填写学校寄来的表格。

(2).从网上下载申请表格的电子版(通常为pdf格式)然后打印出来用手工填写或直接在电脑上利用acrobat5.0填写完毕后打印。【please是什么意思】

(3). 上网到学校网站在线填写申请表格。(网上申请)

2. (1) In filling the recommendation form,in what capacity

3. 推荐人和你的关系,一般填Professor、Teacher或者Advisor.

4. (24) 推荐信是否waive那一栏要不要签名?

5. 最好选择waive,它表示你放弃以后查看推荐信的权利。

(10) Reference's affiliation

6. 填推荐人供职的单位

7. (3) Temporary address & Permament address该怎样填?

8. The permanent address填父母的地址。The temporary address填现在的住址,比如学校,

但需注明何时终止。如果你不注明,通常I-20会寄到permanent address。或者在Permanent address处填写你现在宿舍的地址,在temporary address处填写你租用的信箱的地址。

[84] recommendation 中的空白处填不下,另写一封,随一块recommendation

form负上行吗?

答:可以

[77] 用acrobat把表 天好只后,是不是可以email过去啊?

答:不可以

[79] 只写推荐信可以不填表吗?

答:不可以

[96] 国学校提供的推荐信表格可否在一张纸上正反面打印?

答:不可以

[76] 推荐表上 in what capacity 填什么?

答:熟悉程度

[93] 推荐表格里affiliation该怎么填?

答:affiliation应该是导师所属的大学或机构。

9. [85] p.s的头一定要用它给的form 头吗?

答:不一定

10. [75] 可不可以用PS代替申请材料中的学校要求的PS表格?

答:可以

11. 10,请见所附的PS,是不是可以说:Please see the PS attached.还是说: Please see the

attached PS.??

12. --> 前者(个人觉得)

(4) List the faculty you have contacted or expected to contact concerning your application for admission to XXX Univ.

13. 如果你和某个教授联系过,可以填上教授的名字,不会有坏处。对于有些学校的一些系,

这项是非常重要的,需要注意

14. 33.推荐表可以不填吗?

答:不可以。

15. [61] 每个学校都让我们用他们的表格,但若让每个教授都填那么多表的话,岂

不是让他们烦死了?各位是怎么处理这个问题的?

答:可以自己填,但前提是征得教授本人的同意。大多数教授会同意的。

16. 15.推荐表格的内容很多,不好让导师全写。可是自己写, 又和导师笔迹不同。怎么办? 用

打字机打推荐表格吗?

答:推荐表格可以自己填,但必须与推荐信保持一致。否则还是让推荐人亲自填写。

2.如果手工填写表格,用什么颜色的笔填写?

17. 27.所有的表格都是用的同一种笔填是不是不好呀,那些老师一看不就会知道吗?

答:推荐表格最好有所分别

答:蓝色或黑色。

3.学校表格上注明 Prints or Type 是否意味着不能用手填写?

答:不用,可以手工填写,但要注意字迹公整。

4.网上下载的申请表应该?用什么纸印出来?

答:普通A4纸,用激光打印机或者喷墨打印机都可以。

5.如何将下载PDF 文件打开?

答:下载一个acrobat reader 5.0在/acrobat 上面可以找到。

6.我下载了一个Acrobat READER 4.0, 但好象无法编辑,怎么回事?

答:acrobat reader 只能用来浏览pdf文件,无法编辑。要编辑要用acrobat 5.0 full version.

7.我使用Acrobat5.0填表;推荐信中要求由推荐人填写的部分中,有关推荐人的信息(姓名、头衔、地址等)可不可由我来填写,这样填表时省点力,纸面也好看。

答:可以。

8.那里可以下载ACROBAT 5。0 FULL VERSION?

答:ftp://202.38.80.226//pub/read&edit/adobe/acrobat5.zip 94M

ftp://162.105.70.192/setup/AcrobatReader5/Acrobat5.zip

ftp://159.226.137.110/incoming3/TextGraph_EditView/Adobe.Acrobat/5.0/Acrobat5.0.zip ftp://202.119.32.33//upload4/Personal/acrobat4full.zip 81M

ftp://166.111.64.158/pub/Src/Text&GraphicsTool/PDFTool/acrobat4full.zip

ftp://162.105.70.153/pub/EditTools/Acrobat4full.zip

9.AdobeAcrobat5.0.1的序列号是什么?

答:KWC500R6538415-885

KWW500R7150122-128

10.请问:我用Acrobat5.0填了表,但打印时却没有打印所填的内容,错在哪里?

答: 你打印时,出现打印对话框后,将左中部COMMENTS处的复选框勾上.

留学电话号码写法

固定电话:86-10-6277****(北京)

其他地区:如区号是0451,为86-451-2922****

手机:86-13*********

1. 填表的一些原则

(1) 不懂的地方应该空出来

(2) Financial以及Affidavit of Support相关的地方要么填零,要么不填。

(3) 对中国学生不适用或不知道的地方填 N/A。

(4) 最后一定要签名。

具体填写内容

[98] 在线申请时写获奖情况,地方不够,是不是可以写:…etc(please see my resume?)

答:可以

学分成绩等

11.GPA怎么算?我大学的课程都是用hours,而且是百分制,而不是用学分来算,我应该怎么转换?

答:可以用hours代替学分。(如果连hours都没有,直接填平均分)

31.我的表格中有一项:”GPA for all work taken after receiving the Bachelor’s degree”是什么意思呀?

答:研究生成绩

37.在填gpa时,表中为“JR./SR. grade-point average",请问如何填?

答:本科后2年的成绩。

40.Estimated Grade Point Average (4.0 scale) in upper division courses:__ 什么是in upper division courses, 是指最近几年的课程吗?

答:估計你將會選修的course的GPA。Upper division 是指一些研究院 course code 比較大一點的的課程,像5xxxx的,一般graduate course 都是5 ,6 ,7 字頭的。而如果申請獎的學生,GPA 不能低過3.0。所以這個Estimated GPA 你起碼要填3.0以上。

[59] 填表的时候,有的学校要求算百分制的平均成绩,而我的一些选修课是以

优秀、良好、中等以及A、B、C、D等来记分的,那么这些选修课程是否需要计算在内,如果 需要计算,该怎样计算呢?

答:选修计算在内,A=4;B=3;C=2;D=1

[54] Undergraduate School Units Completed,这个unit是指什么?

答:学时

53.我的表中有一个让写: high school的时间,地点,过分的是还让填 Major, Name of Degree or Diploma and date这两项我

[53] 我的表中有一个让写: high school的时间,地点,过分的是还让填 Major, Name of

Degree or Diploma and date这两项我们中国学生哪里有呀? 我该怎么填呢?

答:没有,就不填

39.If you are currently enrolled, list courses in progress and coursed you expect to take before enrolling in our graduate program. 其中要求填写 course description, instructor.这是不是指他们本校的学生啊?

答:是的

47.DEGREE MAJOR/HONORS CLASSIFICATION是什么意思?

答:大陸沒有分榮譽學位之類的東東,可以不用理會。

44.填表时遇到下面一个问题,很是奇怪,不知那位大侠解释一下Check here if you plan to complete teacher certification requirements.

答:不填

45.在ACADEMIC QUALIFICATION 一栏中,有POST-SECONDARY AND UNDERGRADUANTE QUALIFICATIONS POST-SECONDARY 是什么意思?

答:大學預科之類,大陸沒有,可不理會。

12.有的学校让填本科大学的代码,但是我的学校因为太不出名了,找不到代码,是不是只填学校名字,不用填代码?

答:代码是留给美国本土学校填的。

14.Social security number怎么填?

答:不用填

16.表格中有一个post-secondary Institutions Attended(可以填6个的),说是degree earned or expected 是不是把自己以前上过的学校都列上(大学以后),那还用不用写自己现在要申请的学校及专业呀?

答:从上大学开始填,不需要填你还没上的学校。

22.首先在填list all colleges and universities attented时,因为我明年才毕业,那degree一栏是否要填?

答:填写上你即将得到的学位。

[92] 什么是QPA?

答:QPA 即Quality Point Average.学校在它的CATALOG中说明就是GPA。

[86] 填表时一学校问道在本科时的"number of credits"该怎么填?如果学校没

有学分制怎么办?

答:不填

[94] List your knowledge of foreign languages and indicate the extent of

your written and spoken ability. 是不是写“English good ”就行了?

答:english, fluent

[78] semester是指一年还是半年?

答:一学期

[80] 在一些学校要求上有:last 40/60 hours GPA=3.0.请问此处的40/60hours指什

么?

答:最后的40-60学分。例如许多人本科是4年有140-180个学分。看看你自己的成绩单吧。

[91] Class of Honors 填什么呀好象国内并没有什么HONOUR DEGRESS 或UP SECOND DEGREE这样的分法呀?

答:不用填,空著。

[82] speciality 填专业还是具体的小方向?

答:专业

[89] 申请表中“what is the most advanced degree you intend to pursue at the

university?'是什么意思? 该如何填?

答:Ph.D.

[100] DEGREE SOUGHT的意思是?

答:是你打算申请的。

[66] will you begin your program of study with an off-campus course? y/n怎么

回答?

答:no

[66] ets school code dates应该怎么填,如果是本人的毕业学校,ets的bulletin中没 有,怎么办?

答:到学校网站查,或者电话询问。

[68] 学成绩有两项over-all average和average for major subject是填百分制成绩,还 是填GPA?

答:GPA

(12) GPA calculation: Undergraduate there are cumulative (overall): ____,Upper division work GPA: _____ 怎么填?

GPA的通常算法为将所有课程的成绩转换成4分制,然后按照学分加权平均。

upper division work GPA指后两年的GPA。

(13) 填表时发现填TOEFL成绩时有以下6项:Section 1,Section 2,Section 3,Ws,Total,Year Taken。Ws指的是什么?

Ws为Write sample,即TWE。

(7) GRE Mathematical Score/Percentile

总分和百分比,例如 800/99%,

(23) GPA/out of

3.8 out of 4.0 指4分制中的3.8分(即满分为4.0)

90 out of 100 指百分制中的90分(即满分为100)

(26) quarter-hours credit 指的是什么?

美国的4学期制,春秋两个长的叫semester,夏季短的称为quarter credit指你的学分。

3,在填写受教育情况时,有以下内容:dates,degree*,GPA/out of 其中dates是指什么?是不是入学及毕业时间??学校又对degree*做了进一步的解释:*includes any degree expected by end of year这是什么意思呀??GPA/out of 我们学校本科成绩只按百分制来算,那么在本科成绩那一栏中我是不是可以填写如:88/100呀?而研究生成绩既有百分制的平均分,也有按四分制来算的GPA,但按四分制来算的GPA不是很高,3多一点点。那么我是不是可以就填写百分制的平均分呢?(如果可以直接填写百分制的话)

--> DATE 是毕业证上的日期

--> includes any degree expected by end of year这是给那些还没有毕业的人

---> 可以

奖学金和信用卡,护照

Financial以及Affidavit of Support相关的地方要么填零,要么不填。

[97] 老外问How do you plan to fund your studies? List all the scholarships,

fellowships and awards for which you have applied。可我还没有申,然后他又问

Do you wish to be considered by the department for entrance scholarships or

fellowships (if available)? 怎么添?

答:第一个问题你说实话就是了.

第二个问题你把那些奖全写上,把fellowship排在前面.

(22) 在填表时如何对付financial certification form?

以下是一所学校对financial certification form所给的处理方法:

Hold on to the form,you cannot mail it to us until you know the following: That you have been admitted and what kind of financial aid you have been offered. So don't worry, mail everything else to us and wait for our response.

(14) Do you claim XXXX Residence for Tuition Purposes?

对于国际学生,该项空着不填

(5) Source of Funds

如果你申请全额奖学金,就不需要填写这一项,或者多少填一些,也可以添$0。

(8) If your acceptance of admission is contingent on receipt of a financial aid award,explain why it is necessary.

填你没有其它经济来源,必须获得奖学金资助就可以。

(9) What is the minimum amount of financial aid you need to allow you to attend XXX Univ.

学费、生活费以及医疗保险费用等的总和,一般在学校的申请材料上可以找到,也可以不填。

(25) financial affidavit of support

不需要填写,或者全部填写0$。

(20) What is FAFSA?

FAFSA——The Free Application for Federal Student Aid. It is for Americans,not for you.

8,Please list any fellowships or other scholarly aid for next year for which you are a

candidate(National Science Foundation,Danforth,Fulbright,veteran/'s benefits,industry

sponsorship,etc.)

怎么填呢?

---> 空著

9.If you can be offered a scholarship that covers only tution,do you wish to be considered for admission?填Y/N??(有人说只要免了学费就可以了,其他的生活费等到了美国自然会有机会挣得,真的是这样吗??)

---> 是

35.Financial Support即经济资助问题选parents做sponsor呢,还是选self support or others?另外我要写能被提供的钱数目到底写多少啊?

答:填零就可以了。這樣就是他們先考慮會不會給你獎,如果不給,他們會問你沒獎讀不讀..

please是什么意思(五)
货代英语

1、 telex released b/l 电放提单

2、 for your reference 做为你的参考

3、 sign back 签回

4、 Pls see attachment 请看附件

5、 Pls sign back the telex releae letter . 请签回电放信

6、 Pls find attached SO for your reference (yr ref.) 请查收附件做为你的参考

7、 Pls make sure your cargo will send to our warehouse before tomorrow afternoon(18:00pm). 请尽量将你的货在明天下午6点前送到我们的仓库

8、 Pls see attchment and cfm the b/l of XXX. 请收附件并且确认提单为XXX是否OK?

9、 I receipted the telex released requirment , but no payment receipt , we can’t telex release this cargo.Pls mail it to me hurry!

我有收到电放函,但未收到付款收据,请尽快Email过来,否则我们不能电放此票货物。

10、 any further question, pls feel free to contact me, tks! 有任何问题,请及时联络我

11、 Enclosed booking form for yr ref, pls fill it out by return 附件所涵内容给你参考,请填好后回传给我

12、 Enclosed our airport warehouse address for yr send the cargo tomorrow morning 请于明天早上送货,附件为飞机场仓库地址

13、 Pls find the attached , 1 filed for two TELEX RELEASE B/L to CHICAGO and check it ‘s OK or NOT

请收附件,我已电放好了去芝加哥的两票货物,请检查是否OK?

14、Have received 已有收到

15、Received with tks. 收到,谢谢

16、Received and will arrange it.tks 已收到且将会安排

17、The s/o can use till next week. 这份S/O下星期也可以使用

18、Please confirm the attached bill by return.tks 请确认附件并传回

19、Please kindly advice yr PO#. 请提供PO号码

20、Please find the attached invoice for yr ref.tks 请查收附件中的付款单做参考

21、I have release S/O to you , Pls received it . 我已有释放S/O给你,请查收。

22、Pls find attached the application form for telex release. 请查收附件中的电放申请函

23、Pls see the attached that we had arranged the hb/l telex release.Here is the copy for you in your information.

我们已有安排电放提单,请看附件。这里有你要的提单副本数据。

24、Attached pls find the telex release form for your reference. 附件中的电放申请函给你做参考

25、Pls kindly help to cfm with the client . 请帮忙跟客人确认

6、we need you support the commercial & P/L for our processed 我们需要提供商业发票和清单

27、Pls kindly follow up. 请追踪

28、Which is the correct cnee? 哪个是正确的收货人?

29、Pls release s/o asap. 请尽快放S/O

30、PLS OPEN FILE FOR B/L COPY, TKS! 请打开附件中的提单

31、AMEND B/L COPY, PLS CHECK & CFM 修正后的提单,请检查并确认

32、Please kindly see the attached file and kindly fill in by return, thanks. 请查收附件并填好后回传,谢谢!

33、PLS LOAD THE CARGO ASAP 请尽快装货

34、PLS ADV WHEN YOU CAN LOAD THE CARGO 请问你们何时可以装货?、Kindly pls note we’ll charge you cargo sorting fee HKD30/cbm for subject shipment as you didn’t sort the cargo at time of your loading.By the way, pls ask factory load the cargo per booking in the truck.在装货时,由于你们没有分开货物,所以你们将支付30HKD/CBM仓库将货物分类的费用,以后下booking 请与工厂说明。

36、Kindly pls note we’ll regard your bkg note which sent to our CFS as SI, you don’t need to submit SI

additionally.

And pls confirm if you request to issue combine bl if yr bookings on same vsl with same shipper & consignee & notify name

every time.确认按你们的要求合并提单,如果每次是相同的发货人、收货人及被通知人的话。

37、Kindly find attached our office moving notice. Please be noted. 我们的办公室已搬迁,请注意!

8、pls note below our New Year's holiday (Jan.01, 2006) arrangement 请注意我们安排元旦放假的时间

9、It is pleased to talk with you. 和你说话很高兴

40、Here is the debit note for you ref,pls arrange the payment to us 这儿有付款单给你做参考,请安排付款给我们。

41、Well received with thanks and will send the s/o to you asap, thanks. 我们已有收到并马上回传给你

42、Well noted with thanks.By the way, per the telephone conversation between you and our colleague/Jessie, the shipment ex

yantian, could you kindly let your consignee and ralted party contact with us freely, for it is not efficient we informed our

hkg colleague the shipment which was handled by Shenzhen branch, thanks.Any problem, welcome to contact with us freely.

43、you have not paied the freight yet 你还未支付此票费用

4、colleague 同事

5、I HAVE RELEASE S/O TO YOU , PLS RECEIVED IT. 我已有释放S/O给你,请查收。

46、XXX and XXX coalition a b/l XXX和 XXX合并为一份提单

47、Please kindly book the vessel by LCL shipment for me, Thank you. 请帮忙订散货

48、Attached please see the B/L information of S/O #(XX). XXX订舱单补提单资料

49、CORRECTION 修正

50、Direct Line 直线 an extension 分机

51、Nice to talk to you just now! 跟你说话很开心

52、Attached is the new booking. 附件是新的booking

53、YOUR BOOKING WELL RECEIVED WITH TKS.AND PLS WAIT MY FURTHER NOTICE TO ARRANGE THIS SHIPMENT

(你的booking我已收到,此外请等待我们安排这班船的通知)

54、Pls. kindly find our booking form 请收我们的booing格式

55、Pls. kindly find the revised B/L draft and confirm to me. 请看我们修正的提单并且确认给我。

56、BTW , Pls. fax your banks slip to me asap. 顺便说一句请尽快传银行水单给我.

57、PLS KINDLY OPEN THE FILE FOR TELEX RELEASED LETTER.TKS

58、Pls. kindly find the Telexed HB/L.请查收电放后的提单

59、Well noted, I'll inform our overseas agent release cargo 收到,我会通知我们的国外货代释放此货、

、Well noted.

62、we think this ship schedule is very convenient to us ,pls release me the s/o,tks.我认为这班船期很适合我们,请放S/O给我,谢谢。

63、We will ship this cargo on Feb-07 我们的货好日期为2-7

64、Here is the new booking for the AGD customer ,pls check with the customer to use cfs or 1*20GP.any problem pls let me know这是AGD客人的新booking,请和客人确认是走散货还是20”柜,有任何问题请告知我.

65、pls tell me the last cfs cut off time of this year ,and when you will have the spring vacation? he cargo is ship to chicago,USA.We need it to arrange the shipt.pls kindly understand.请告诉我今年散货最后交货时间,还有你们春节放假时间表?我们有货要到美国芝加哥,我们要安排出货,请知悉.

66、by ocean shipment 海运

67、For the attachment ,I have confirmed it to u already. 这个附件我已有确认给你。

68、Sorry for let you confused, We have checked with my factory,they can't catch this shipt,Have you give me the last shipt

S/O in this year?

(对不起给你造成了困扰,我有问过工厂他们赶不上此班船)

69 Pls kindly release me the SO asap.As you know,the CFS cut off time is FEB-12,11.00,We will arrange it in FEB-10.and then

We can catch the shipt.Pls kindly check.请尽快释放S/O,你也知道散货截关时间为2月12日,我们将安排10号出货才能赶上这般船,请确认。

71、Sorry for that, pls find attached right s/o for this shipt, pls arrange accordingly.(非常抱歉,请查收附件正确的S/O,请尽快安排)

pls check with customer to use the 1*20GP or use CFS?

77、Have you received my new booking ,i have faxed you yesterday,and i called you many times,but the phone is always busy.

78、Attached pls find the SI for the S/O#UPSXZU07010287 请查看s/o为XXX的补提单资料.

79、For this problem,I don't know much about that ,pls kindly direct check with the customer.

80、 would you provide stamped telex released B/L NO#SZX070280206 for me?

81、Thanks for your good cooperation.you have a high efficiency,we will arrange the payment asap,谢谢你的友好合作,你的办事效率真高,我们会尽快安排付款。

82、I have phoned Miss yang just now, she will fax it to you. because something wrong with her email now【please是什么意思】

我刚和杨’S通过电话,她会传真给你,因为她的邮件现在有些问题。

83、can we catch the vessel closed this week? Our goods is ready now.我们能赶上本周截关的船吗?我们的货已备好

84、We will arrange this cargo to your warehouse tomorrow.

if you are free,pls email your price list to us,maybe we can cooperate in the future .我们将尽量安排明天将货送到仓库,如果你有空的话请将你们的运输报价表Email给我,或许我们在将来有合作的机会。

86 pls send me the d/n and make b/l for original. 请将D/N传给我并制作正式提单。

87.Any problem pls feel free to contact us.

88.Cargo has been arrived at destination, please kindly arrange payment for cargo release and avoid any storage charge accordingly. 货已到港,请付款我们好电放提单。

89. Please check the attachment-revised order as per your requirements. 请查收根据你们要求修改后的附件

90. PLS FIND ATTACHED TELEX RELEASE B/L.

请查收附件的电放提单

Please see the file attached. 请查收附件

91 please find attach file —— TLX MB/L.

thanks in advance.

查收附件文件-电放的MB/L,先谢

Just now we got our customer instruction that for future shpts please do notice cnee before goods arrive at dest one week, btw, pls send us your debit note to us earlier when delivery, thanks in advance.

刚才我们收到客户的意见请我们在货物到达目的地前一个星期要通知收货人,顺便,在交货的时候请给我们付款通知,先谢谢!

please find enclosed the **

请查收附件的**

PLS ADVISE GOODS STATUS, THANKS

请告知产品的状况,谢谢!(问代理产品是否已经派送给客户时可用)

代理问货的状况,及要PRE ALERT,

如:Please confirm everything is ok and please send us your pre-alert asap.

回:PLS NOTE THE SHPT ETD 10-1,we waiting for MB/L for carrier.will send pre-alert docs to you once get available.

请注意这票货的开船时间是10月1日,收到MB/L我就发PRE ALERT给你

SHIPPER 发货人

CONSIGNEE 收货人

【please是什么意思】

NOTYFY PARTY 通知人【please是什么意思】

OCEAN VESSEL船名

VOY NO.航次

一般船名航次V/V来表示

PORT OF LOADING装货港

PORT OF DISCHARGE 卸货港

PLACE OF DELIVERY 交货地点

CONTAINER NO 集装箱号

SEAL NO.封志号

【please是什么意思】

MARKS 唛头

PKGS件数

PACKAGE 包装

DESCRIPTION OF GOODS 品名

GROSS WEIGHT 毛重

G.W

MEASUREMENT体积

ETA ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL 预计到达日

ETD ESTIMATED TIME OF DEPARTURE 预计开航日

TEU TWENTY FOOT EQUIVALENT UNITS 20'柜

FEU FORTY FOOT EQUIVALENT UNITS 40'柜

P.P FREIGHT PREPAID 运费预付

C.C. FREIGHT COLLECT 运费到付

SHUT OUT退关

CUT OFF CLOSING DATE/CUT OFF DATE 结关日

O/F (Ocean Freight) 海运费

BAF (Bunker Adjustment Factor) 燃油附加费

CAF (Currency Adjustment Factor) 货币贬值附加费

BOOKING FEE订舱费

DOC (DOcument charges) 文件费

THC TERMINAL HANDLING CHARGE 码头作业费

主要贸易术语:

(1)FCA (Free Carrier) 货交承运人

(2)FAS (Free Alongside Ship) 装运港船边交货

(3)FOB (Free on Board) 装运港船上交货

(4)CFR (Cost and Freight) 成本加运费

(5)CIF (Cost,Insurance and Freight) 成本、保险费加运费

(6)CPT (Carriage Paid To) 运费付至目的地

(7)CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To) 运费、保险费付至目的地

(8)DAF (Delivered At Frontier) 边境交货

(9)DES (Delivered Ex Ship) 目的港船上交货

(10)DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay) 目的港码头交货

(11)DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid) 未完税交货

(12)DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) 完税后交货

CY (Container Yard) 集装箱(货柜)堆场

FCL (Full Container Load) 整箱货

LCL (Less than Container Load) 拼箱货(散货)

CFS (Container Freight Station) 集装箱货运站

A/W (All Water)全水路(主要指由美国西岸中转至东岸或内陆点的货物的运输方式)

MLB(Mini Land Bridge) 迷你大陆桥(主要指由美国西岸中转至东岸或内陆点的货物的运输方式)

货运代理人a freight forwarder

货运代理业务freight forwarding

B/L (Bill of Lading) 海运提单

MB/L(Master Bill of Lading) 船东单,母提单,主提单

也可表示为:SEA B/L,OCEAN B/L,MEMO B/L

HB/L (house bill of lading)分提单,子提单,货代提单

ORDER B/L 指示提单

货物 ① goods ② freight ③ cargo

运输 ① transportation ② transit ③ conveyance

运输业 ① transportation business ② forwarding business ③ carrying trade

承运人 carrier

陆上运输 transportation by land

please是什么意思(六)
国际结算作业一答案

国际结算2009-2010下学期 第一次作业交作业时间:3月31日上课前交 Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 Negotiable instruments 1. 签发汇票 the issue of a draft 根据如下条件,签发汇票

A draft for USD$100,000.00 is drawn by The American Exporter Co. Inc. Tampa, Florida, USA on The French Issuing Bank, Paris, France payable at 60 days sight to the order of ourselves dated 25 Feb., 2008 marked “Drawn under The French Issuing Bank, Paris, France L/C NO. 12345 dated 25 Feb., 2008”

Please fill in the following blank form as per above instruction to issue a draft. 2. 完成如下汇票的票据行为

a) 承兑Acceptance

Accepted

b) 背书 Endorsement

c) 保证 Guarantee

Payment Guaranteed

Good as avail

d) 贴现 Discount: 假设汇票20天后贴现给第三家银行 The French Discount Bank, 贴

现年利率6%,请问贴现后的净现值是多少? 1000*(1-6%/360*40)=99333.33元

BILL OF EXCHANGE

Exchange for

At Pay to the order of the sum of To:

for:

3.用英文和中文两种语言做如下简答题:

A) What are the characteristics of negotiable instruments? What do these characteristics mean? 票据的特性有哪些?这些特性的具体含义是什么?

1.流通转让性,票据的权利可以背书或交付而转让。并且,票据的转让不必要通知债务人,票据的受让人获得票据的同时取得票据的全部权利。

2.无条件支付命令,无论一张票据是汇票、本票或支票,它都包含了在某一特定时间支付固定金额的一种无条件命令或承诺。

3.无因性,票据的有效性,不受票据原因的影响,票据当事人的权利和义务完全独立于其他因素,不会因票据基本关系是否有缺陷而受到影响。

4.要式性,票据是一种要式不要因的有价证券,票据的作成必须具备法定形式,才能产生法律效力,其所记载的必要项目必须合乎规范。

1. Negotiability. Although it may or may not be circulated, a negotiable instrument is usually capable of being transferred or negotiated. The title of a negotiable instrument can be passed from one person to person by merely delivery or by endorsement followed by delivery.

2. Unconditional Promise or order to pay. No matter whether it is a bill of exchange, a promissory note, or a cheque, it must contain an unconditional order or promise to pay a fixed amount of money at a certain time.

3. Requisite in form。 A negotiable instrument must be in the form of a document containing required items.

4 Non-causative Nature. A negotiable instrument exists independent of the commercial relations from which it originated or which occasioned its transfer.

a) What’s the criteria for recourse, and explain it with an example.什么是票据的追索

(recourse)行为?其追索条件是什么?请举例说明。

1)、追索是持票人在票据被拒付(不获承兑或到期不付款式等)时,对背书人、出票人对其他票据债务人行使请求偿还的权利,这种行为称做追索。 2)、追索人的条件:持有合格票据、持票人尽责、遵守时效。 3)、追索的顺序:按照多数票据法的规定,债务人无责任大小之分,只要签过字就要对票据债务承担全部责任。追索只能按债务顺序向前追索,即只能由后手向前手追索,而不能由前手向后手追索。我?lt;<票据法>>规定,持票人为出票人的,对其前手无追索结,持票人为背书人的,对后手无追索权。如:出票人A签发1张汇票给收款人B,依次转让,顺序如下:A—B—C—D—E—F—A,如果A遭拒付,他实际上是最前顺序的债务人,所以不能向其形式上的前手追索。假定另一个顺序如下:A—B—C—D—E—C,如果C遭拒付,C只能向B和A追索,而不能向其形式上的前手D和E追索。 4)、 追索金额:包括被拒付的票据金额、票据金额自到期日至付款日的利息、取得有关拒绝证明和发出通知书的费用。

b) What’s guarantee? What’s the responsibility of a guarantor?什么是票据的保证

(guarantee/aval)行为?保证人的权利和义务是什么?

1)、保证是指非票据债务人对于出票、背书、承兑、参加承兑行为所发生的债务予以保证的票据行为。在汇票、本票和支票的使用中,都有可以存在保证。 2)、保证人一旦在汇票上作保,即与被保证人承担相同的债务责任。当汇票遭到拒付时,持票人有权向保证人追索,保证人应当清偿追索金额。保证人清偿后,有权向被保证人及其前手追索。

Chapter 3 Remittance 汇付

1. 请写出汇付方式的流程图,并说明它主要用于哪些形式的贸易结算中?Please answer in

both Chinese and English (思考题) (课本P83,89-89) 2. 操作题: 按如下要求填写票汇方式下开立的汇票。 Draft No. 2008081

Amount: CHF 89,215.00

Place and date of draft: Shenzhen, March 10,2008 Paying bank: Bank of China, Bernec Branch

Payee: the order of United Trading Company, Switzerland Pay against this draft to the debit of our account Remitting Bank: Bank of China, Shenzhen branch

Remitter: China National Light Industrial Production Imp. & Exp. Corp., Shenzhen Branch, Shenzhen.

Question: Please draw a demand draft to make remittance by D/D.空白银行汇票如下 BANK OF CHINA This draft is valid for one Year from date of issue

To:

The SUM OF PAY AGAINST THIS DRAFT TO THE BANK OF CHINA ACCOUNT Chapter 4 Collection托收

1. 请写出跟单托收结算方式的流程图。Please answer in both Chinese and English. (思考题) (课本P100)

2. 银行对托收业务的融资有哪几种方式?出口商如何预防托收中潜在的风险? Please answer in both Chinese and English. (思考题) (见课本P103-108或笔记相关内容)

答:银行对托收业务的融资有:出口托收押汇和进口托收押汇。出口托收押汇是托收行买入出口商开立的以进口商未付款人的跟单汇票以及所附的商业单据,将货款扣除利息即费用后,净额付给出口商。托收行对出口商有追索权,保证由出口商负责赔偿托收行的一切损失。对出口商的托收押汇的申请,托收行还得考虑出口商的资信状况、履约那里和清偿能力。为控制出口托收押汇的风险,银行通常核定相应的融资授信额度,只在额度内叙做出口押汇。如果出口商投保了出口信用险,银行可要求出口商将保单提交银行叙做抵押,并将保单项下的权益转给银行,对这类托收的融资比例一般不超过发票金额的80%,D/P的托收押汇的风险小于D/A的托收押汇,银行的托收押汇限额控制较松,但D/P中所交的单据必须包含全套物权单据。 在托收押汇中,银行也会要求出口商安排相应的货物运输保险,并掌握保险单,以控制风险。

进口托收押汇是代收行向进口商提供的一种资金融通方式,进口商在对托收未付款前,向代收行出具一份书面担保文件,即信托收据,凭此信托收据向代收行借出货运单据,一便于进口商办理报关、提货及出售,销售后所得的货款亦属代收行所有,进口商只能向代收行付款并赎回信托收据。代收行办理进口托收押汇时有一定风险的,代收行只有在对进口商资信有把握的情况下才能借出信托收据。万一在借出物权收据后,发生汇票到期收不到货款的情况,

代收行必须向托收行和出口商负责。代收行为了防范风险,可以通过进口商与出口商协商,让出口商在托收委托书中明确规定“付款交单凭信托收据借贷”(D/P T/R)方式,日后进口商如到期拒付,则与代收行无关,一切风险有出口商自行承担。 3. 操作题

(1). 根据已知条件填写托收结算方式下使用的汇票

China National Instrument Import & Export Corporation, Tianjin Branch, Tianjin (Principal) wish to issue a draft dated 14 July, 2005 drawn on Continental Co., 46 Rue de Ancient, Paris (Drawee) (受票人) at sight for USD 1,200 payable to the order of Bank of China, Tianjin (remitting bank), which will make a special endorsement to Banque du Paris, Paris marked “Drawn against shipment of 20 sets of transistors shipped per s.s. Chenghau from Tianjin to Le Harve for collection. ”.空白汇票如下所示

(2) 根据已知条件填写托收指示书

The principal presents an application accompanied by draft and documents to the remitting bank for collection.

An application collection shows as follows: Commercial documents surrendered are below:

B/L in triplicate Invoice in triplicate

Insurance policy in duplicate Certificate of origin in duplicate Packing list in duplicate

Collection instructions are given below:

Deliver document against payment

please是什么意思(七)
answer,please answer

10.Answer,please answer

关于其他星球上是否存在智慧生命体,众说纷纭的观点往一往出现在各种文章、科幻小说及大量影片中。本·波沃所撰科幻小说的这一章节,向人们描述了两名选派到南极的美国士兵是如何探测到地球附近一颗造父变星所传激光信号的过程。

? “我没想到()ZMA工程还在搞。有什么新的收获吗?”

这回,轮到瑞佐耸肩了:“还是一无所获呢!非常时期,这工程自然就搁浅了。如果不打 仗,碟形卫星天线不被炸毁,我们还要搞。” “还是侦听那两颖星吗?”

“嗯„„还是鲸鱼座T型星和波江座E型星。还只有这两个类似太阳的星座,可能在一定 范围内附带有像地球这样的行星。” “所以你指望窃听到其他智慧族群所传出的无线电信号。” “有这个想法。”

我弹掉手指上的烟灰,“咦,想方设法去获取智慈生物传出的无线电信号,但给我的感觉总是毫无希望。”

“毫无希望,什么意思?”

我反洁道:“凭什么外星人要向星际太空传出无线电信号呢?劳神费力,而且很可能是彻 底的白费力气,因为在能够交流到的范围之内,根本就没有交谈对象。”

“可是,如果想到在别的什么行星上或什么地方可能存在着外星人,这还是值得一试的。”

“嗯。我们在设法寻找外星人。不是在发送无线电信号吗?” 他坦陈道:“没有吧!花大笔资金建造一座如此巨大的发射台,国会是不会表决通过的。”

我说道:“言之有理,所以我们只是收听信号而不是发送信息。” 瑞佐并没就此打止,而是接着说道:“我说,光凭统计数据,很可能在其他数百万个太阳 系中就有智慧生命体的存在。我们早就该与之取得联系了!对于我们人类一些至今无法解决的 唯题,他们也许倒是十分了解。”

“此话不错,”我说道:“但守着接听无线电信号这个方法本身就有问题。”

“嗯?”

“要有效地进行远程星际无线电传播,需要非常大的功率,这实在难以做到。所以,我们应不断地观察各种信号,而不是什么细心地接听。”

“观察?”

指着操纵台上微弱的小灯,我说道:“用激光,光学激射器。在太虚一片漆黑之中,小灯 发出亮光。只要通上一点适量的电力,激活几万亿颖原子,一束铅笔那么粗的强光就会出现,即便在数百万英里之外都能看得清楚。”

“数百万英里并不等于光年,”瑞住咭味道。

“我们很快就要接近用激光测量光年距离这一技术了。想必这个星系中某个智慧物体已取得了在星座与星座之间进行传输所必备的技术,那就是通过光束。”

瑞佐问道:“那我们怎么从没见过?”

“或许看见过。”

“什么?”

“我们观察到了各种各样的变星,像造父变星、天琴RR型变星以及金牛座T型星。我们假定所看到的是恒星,由于某些自然的、在我们看来又无法解释的原因,它们搏动并改变亮度。目前,或许我们所看到的就是激光光束,只不过从环绕别的星座运行的行星上发出的信号传到地球时就太弱了,我们也就看不到了吧?”

瑞佐情不自禁地霉出了好奇的神情。

“检查这种光源的光语,进而确定这种光究竟是自然星体发出的还是人造的激光光束,那就相当简单T。”

“你试过?”

我.点了点头。

“接着呢?”

我慢条斯理,使得他屏住呼吸,迫切想知道下文。“毫无结果。但我检验的每颖变星都是

实实在在的星座。”

他反感地长嘘了一口气,说道:“哈,你一直是在开玩笑。是吧。” “不错,”我说,“的确是这样。”

置身于遮风档雨的国顶崖内,时光在流逝。我早就悄悄带来了一台手持式望远镜随身放

着,打算随时进行观察,但天公往往不作美。总是迫切想找点事做做的瑞佐于是开始替我安装一台电子图像放大器。

我们与外界的惟一联系就是每周从双多主拉中心所传来的无线电报。收发电报往往随意变换频率,以便信息不容易遭到截取和干扰。而且,我们发出无线电的时段受到严格限定。

慢慢熬过数周后,我们获悉我们的一颗载人卫星在武力威胁下被红方强行登占。而我们的太空站工作人员击毁了红方的两颗无人操纵间谋卫星。双方在位于北极的一座冰岛上发生了交 火,并且,有六个国家正在进行核弹试验。

自然,我们收不到任何邮件。只有被轮换下来时,到了默多主控中心我们才能拿到信件。我免不了很想念妻子格拉里以及两个孩子,他们住在旧金山,而时旧金山曾出现的大爆炸和放 射性尘埃,只好尽量不去想了。

“我妻子硬是通着我几乎耗尽所有的钱财在家中修了一个防空洞”,瑞佐时我说,“那鬼防 空洞比我们的房子搞得还要漂亮。有帮人总觉得天灾人祸注定会要选个时候降临到头上,我妻子是那帮人的头头。要是不打仗,她竟反而觉得不可思议。”

我一声不吭。

天晴了,好天气保持了一段时间(在南极漫长的冬季里白昼和黑夜无从分辨),我把时间甲分成两部分:一部分用来监测气象探测仪,一部

分用来观察恒星。圆屋顶完全被埋在雪中,但我们通过积雪插进了一根伸向空中的“通气管”。

“圆屋顶蛮像一艘潜艇,只不过我们是在冰雪中而不是水中”,瑞佐说道,“但愿我们不会 沉底。”

“数据显示我们平安无事。”

他面含·限怒:“数据还曾证明过飞机永远不能飞离地面呢!”

又来了几股风暴,但等到风暴再次平息时,瑞佐已给我装好了图像放大器。这时候,用我自己带的微型望远镜观察起来几乎达到了那种专业设备的效果。我甚至可以做洋洋地躺在床 上,眼观放大器显示屏,遥控着整台装置。

果然如此。

开始,这只不过出于一种好奇心,但接着就成了怪癖。

我碰巧在观察研究一颗造父变体星,它属于体积极其巨大、光度相当强的那种星座,其闪烁极有规律,甚至可以用来校表。我们之所以注意到它,是因为对于一颗造父星来说,其距离 近得出奇—仅仅相距 700光年,这种距离通过测定其闪动的次数就能轻而易举地枯算出来。

顶屋的备用零件箱里搜寻有用的东西,终于拼装出一台仪器。这台仪器可以将恒星发出的光分解成构造波长,以此告近我们大量有关恒星的化学成分和表面温度的信息。

起初,对于我的观察我简直难以相信。

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