田家欧阳修翻译

| 翻译 |

【www.guakaob.com--翻译】

田家欧阳修翻译篇一
《田家 欧阳修 阅读答案》

田 家

绿桑高下映平川,赛罢田神①笑语喧。

林外鸣鸠②春雨歇,屋头初日杏花繁。

注释:①赛田神:是指古代农村以祈盼丰收为内容的一种祭祀活动。②鸠:一种小鸟

9.诗中描写农村生机勃勃的兴旺景象的诗句是: (1分)

10.这首诗描绘了一幅 图画。(1分)

11.这首诗表现了诗人这样的情怀?(2分)

答案:

9.屋头初日杏花繁(1分)

10.春光明敏、欣欣向荣的“农家欢乐图”(

11.对田园生活的热爱和赞美。(2分)

1分)

田家欧阳修翻译篇二
《田家泽翻译》

文献翻译

利用马绒毛膜促性腺激素控制泌乳

奶牛的繁殖

专 业

姓 名

学 号

导 师

联系方式

: 兽医硕士 : 田家泽 :2014408019 : 李劼 : 18299080899

前言

马绒毛膜促性腺激素和促黄体素、促卵泡素、促甲状腺激素都属于糖蛋白激素家族。在非马属动物上,马绒毛膜促性腺激素展示了比较高的促卵泡素和促黄体素类似的活动和在卵巢上有一个高亲和力的促卵泡素和促黄体素的受体。在粒细胞和壳细胞的卵泡上,ECG有长而持久的促卵泡素和促黄体素类似的作用,这个作用促进了雌激素和孕酮的分泌。因此,马绒毛膜促性腺激素在泌乳奶牛的使用可以引起较少的闭锁卵泡,补充了一些具有较高的生长率的小卵泡,维持中等卵泡和大卵泡的生长,增加优势卵泡的发展。因此,黄体的质量得到了提高,从而孕酮的分泌也增加了。

基于这些特点,马绒毛膜促性腺激素被用在兽医学中来控制奶牛的繁殖活动:第一,在产后早期提高繁殖性能;第二,使不发情牛增加排卵和提高受孕率;第三,提高延期排卵奶牛的受孕率;第四,在使用孕酮释放装置诱导同期排卵后使用ECG进行定时人工受精。以上这些作用不是用在发情周期正常的动物上而是用在能用ECG诱导LH分泌和促进卵巢活动的动物上,例如:动物的产后早期、热量较低的季节、不发情的动物和低体况的动物上。

内容

ECG以前叫PMSG,第一次是被Cole和Hart所描述,1930年,Zandek检测到PMSG。1938年,使用PMSG的国际标准被建立了。1941年,两步走的方案(先使用ECG促进卵泡的生长然后使用hCG进行诱导排卵)被实行。1972年,促性腺激素的制备诱导抗体的形成导致PMSG在人类上的使用被消除。然而,自从1934年750单位的ECG诱导发情排卵的介绍以来,eCG目前任然应用在奶牛上。

eCG和促黄体素、促卵泡素、促甲状腺激素都属于糖蛋白激素家族。然而在哺乳动物中LH和FSH是有脑垂体分泌的,eCG却是有怀孕马的子宫内膜杯分泌的。eCG是有非共价的α和β亚基组成的,β亚基的蛋白结构跟LH相同。eCG和LH结构的不同很可能有助于α和β多肽链相连的N和O多糖链的不同。其实,eCG含有的的碳水化合物比LH多,尤其是eCG在β亚基上含有的唾液酸使eCG在马属动物上具有一个长达26小时的半衰期,比LH和FSH都长。

事实上,eCG在牛科动物上半衰期最长是因为它的分子上有一个低聚寡糖,这使得eCG在肝脏和肾脏的代谢和过滤减少。因此,在使用eCG 150单位时,它可在牛血流中持续118—123小时。eCG受体和促黄体素受体、促卵泡素受体一样都属于糖蛋白激素受体的一个亚科。因此,在非马属动物中eCG能决定FSH和LH的活动。由于它在卵巢上有一个高亲和力的FSH和LH受体,因此,eCG在兽医学中用来控制泌乳奶牛的繁殖。

在诱导排卵上不同剂量的eCG产生不同的影响。事实上,Bllows 和Short指出:当eCG剂量为500单位是。eCG在诱导超数排卵上剂量是不足的;当超过1000个单位时,会诱导超数排卵。以上这些结果是被证明过的。因此,当要求诱导单排时候应该将剂量安排在200—1000之间,当要求超数排卵时因将剂量控制在2500单位左右。研究目标是检查eCG在卵泡上和黄体上发展和活动的标准计量。因此,定时人工授精方案很轻松的应用在泌乳奶牛上,使用eCG进行同期排卵已经有报道。

eCG处理卵巢卵泡反应

在泌乳奶牛上,eCG的处理引起较少的闭锁卵泡,补充一些生长率高的小卵泡,维持大卵泡和中等卵泡的生长Newcomb 和Rowson报道:在发情后9—12天eCG的处理对卵泡没有影响;在产后用eCG处理,可以增加卵泡的生长,克服被妊娠子宫影响的消极卵泡。最近一报纸报道: 产后六天用eCG处理有助于恢复卵泡的活动和提高卵泡的生长和提前排卵。关于优势卵泡的排卵与卵泡率的提高有关,尤其是在产后早期、低体况、不动情的奶牛和温度较低的季节。

总之,eCG的处理不改变排卵前和排卵后的内分泌机制,同时也得出一个结论,eCG的处理促进优势卵泡率的提高。

eCG对卵泡和黄体细胞上类固醇激素活性的影响

eCG的处理会增加粒细胞和壳细胞上雌激素和孕酮的分泌,因此影响了LH和FSH的分泌,尤其使LH大量增加。尤其是在排卵前LH波动阶段。就是这些成熟的卵泡调节了大量雌激素的合成,由于雌激素的大量合成反馈性的抑制了促性腺激素的合成,从而使促性腺激素的分泌减少。在产后泌乳奶牛上,当注射750

个单位的eCG后两天内发现雌激素的分泌增加;注射250个单位发现四天雌激素增加;在未经处理的奶牛上六天雌激素的分泌增加。结果表明:在奶牛产后期间eCG的处理会使雌激素分泌提前。

在黄体期,eCG的处理会增加孕酮的分泌水平。在这个周期的第七天会诱导黄体更快的生长,血浆中孕酮的含量升高。在使用eCG处理两天后发现孕酮的含量增加。eCG的这个直接影响是依靠增加黄体上大的黄体细胞的比例和功能来发挥作用的,但是黄体的大小改变肉眼不可见。大的黄体细胞有利于百分之八十的孕激素的产生。

在排卵前,eCG的处理能够增加孕酮的水平。这种影响与eCG对排卵前卵泡上的粒细胞和壳细胞的刺激有关。从而用有利于大卵泡的排卵,引起黄体变大。这就增加了孕酮的分泌和循环水平,这种增加与黄体的尺寸有关。

总之,以上数据结果显示:eCG的处理增加了孕酮的分泌,然而更大的影响是在临床上是可以观察到的,使得卵泡变大,使卵泡更加具有功能性,促进黄体的生长,增加了类固醇激素的活动,从而是孕激素的水平增加了。

利用eCG同期方案进行定时人工受精

联合促性腺激素释放激素、孕激素、前列腺素和雌激素进行定时人工受精方案可以产生一致性的受胎率(下列情况除外:营养限制、产后早期、低体况、寒冷季节、间情期)。由于eCG作用于卵泡使得FSH和LH受到影响,从而提高了受胎率,eCG用于定时人工受精方案已经得到评估。

结果表明:eCG在使用孕酮后处理可以增加同期排卵和受孕率。eCG的这种积极的影响在间情期是可以观察到的。利用eCG在同步方案中对孕酮的水平产生一个积极的影响在确保发情周期上。然而这种积极影响与eCG的剂量是有关的。当剂量为800单位时,在将孕酮消除七天后用eCG处理,可是孕酮你的水平增加。当剂量为200时,14天之后孕酮的量增加。

最近研究发现,在使用前列腺素,促性腺激素释放激素和马绒毛膜激素释放激素后48小时泌乳奶牛将会出现静排卵。这种处理提高了自然发情期的生育。体况评分比较高的牛用eCG进行处理效果不明显。尽管自然多胎可以发生,但

是在泌乳奶牛上是不好的,因为会导致围产期疾病的增加和风险损失。最近同期方案已经双胎妊娠相联系,eCG所发挥的些功能是有它的机制决定的,如果eCG能够促进双排卵它就会产生两个卵母细胞,外源性的加入孕酮是为了同期发情提高幸存率。

总之eCG的这种积极影响是清楚可见的在间情期牛和低体况牛。,表一结果显示eCG在农场水平上进行同期发情和胚胎移植已经能够提高受胎率和产仔数。 结论

eCG在粒细胞和壳细胞上有一个长而持久的LH和FSH类的活动,能够诱导雌激素的分泌。因此,eCG的处理可以增加一些小的,中等的和一些大的卵泡的发展对闭锁卵泡没有影响。eCG可以提高优势卵泡和排卵卵泡的排卵率。黄体质量的确保也得到了提升是的孕酮分泌增加,从而对胚胎产生积极的影响。以上影响有些可以在动物上观察到有些却观察不到。但是LH和卵巢的活性得到了诱导。例如:在发情早起,在温度比较低的季节,在发情间期,在低体况动物上eCG用在同期发情和定时受精上已经得到了评估。结果表明:eCG可以提高同期排卵和定时后经。因此,eCG的管理在发情周期不正常的动物上,它的功效是无其它药物可替代。

田家欧阳修翻译篇三
《采桑子 欧阳修 (翻译)》

百花凋零之后,这西湖竟然有一种特别的美:满地的落花凌乱错杂,柳絮扑面而来,转眼又飞得无影无踪,那湖边的垂柳整日在风中摇曳不止。

笙吹歌舞都已经平息,游人也渐渐离去。这时,我才感觉到暮春的空寂。放下窗帘,那双双对对的燕子在微风细雨中上下翻飞.

田家欧阳修翻译篇四
《欧阳修 《蝶恋花》翻译》

田家欧阳修翻译篇五
《欧阳修《蝶恋花》英译 - 英语专业文学翻译材料》

唐宋古诗词汉译英

《蝶恋花》【宋】欧阳修 汉译英

作者简介:欧阳修(1007-1072),字永叔,号醉翁,晚年又号“六一居士”,吉州永丰(今江西吉安永丰)人,自称庐陵人。谥号文忠,世称欧阳文忠公,北宋卓越的政治家、文学家、史学家,与(唐朝)韩愈、柳宗元、(宋朝)王安石、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、曾巩合称“唐宋八大家”。后人又将其与韩愈、柳宗元和苏轼合称“千古文章四大家”。

诗词简介:蝶恋花,商调曲;原唐教坊曲名,本采用于梁简文帝乐府:“翻阶蛱蝶恋花情”为名, 又名《黄金缕》、《鹊踏枝》、《凤栖梧》、《卷珠帘》、《一箩金》、《江如练》、《西笑吟》。其词牌始于宋。双片共六十字,前后片各四仄韵。《蝶恋花》此词牌作者一般以抒写缠绵悱恻或抒写心中愁的情感为多。虽有部分山水,但还是寄情于物的表现。

原文

蝶恋花

庭院深深深几许,杨柳堆烟,帘幕无重数。

玉勒雕鞍游冶处,楼高不见章台路。

雨横风狂三月暮,门掩黄昏,无计留春住。

泪眼问花花不语。乱红飞过秋千去。

英译

Butterflies in Love with Flowers

By Ouyang Xiu (Song Dynasty)

Translated by 许渊冲 and 许明

Deep, deep the courtyard where he is, so deep

It’s veiled by smokelike willows heap on heap,

By curtain on curtain and screen on screen.

Leaving his saddle and bridle, there he has been Merry-making. From my tower his trace can’t be seen. The third moon now, the wind and rain are raging late;

At dusk I bar the gate,

But I can’t bar in spring.

My tearful eyes ask flowers, but they fail to bring An answer, I see red blooms over the swing.

田家欧阳修翻译篇六
《欧阳修《醉翁亭记》中文版和英文版(翻译)》

欧阳修·《醉翁亭记》英译

环滁皆山也。其西南诸峰,林壑尤美。望之蔚然而深秀者,琅琊也。山行六七里,渐闻水声潺潺,而泄出于两峰之间者,酿泉也。峰回路转,有亭翼然临于泉上者,醉翁亭也。作亭者谁?山之僧曰智仙也。名之者谁?太守自谓也。太守与客来饮于此,饮少辄醉,而年又最高,故自号曰“醉翁”也。醉翁之意不在酒,在乎山水之间也。山水之乐,得之心而寓之酒也。

若夫日出而林霏开,云归而岩穴暝,晦明变化者,山间之朝暮也。野芳发而幽香,佳木秀而繁阴,风霜高洁,水落而石出者,山间之四时也。朝而往,暮而归,四时之景不同,而乐亦无穷也。

至于负者歌于途,行者休于树,前者呼,后者应,伛偻提携,往来而不绝者,滁人游也。临溪而渔,溪深而鱼肥;酿泉为酒,泉香而酒冽;山肴野蔌,杂然而前陈者,太守宴也。宴酣之乐,非丝非竹,射者中,弈者胜,觥筹交错,坐起而喧哗者,众宾欢也。苍然白发,颓然乎其中者,太守醉也。

已而夕阳在山,人影散乱,太守归而宾客从也。树林阴翳,鸣声上下,游人去而禽鸟乐也。然而禽鸟知山林之乐,而不知人之乐;人知从太守游而乐,而不知太守之乐其乐也。醉能同其乐,醒能述以文者,太守也。太守谓谁?庐陵欧阳修也。

The Roadside Hut of the Old Drunkard

Ouyang Xiu

The District of Chu is enclosed all around by hills, of which those in the southwest boast the most lovely forests and dales. In the distance, densely wooded and possessed of a rugged beauty, is Mt. Langya. When you penetrate a mile or two into this mountain you begin to hear the gurgling of a stream, and presently the stream — the Brewer's Spring — comes into sight cascading

between two peaks. Rounding a bend you see a hut with a spreading roof by the stream, and this is the Roadside Hut of the Old Drunkard. This hut was built by the monk Zhixian. It was given its name by the governor, referring to himself. The governor, coming here with his friends, often gets tipsy after a little drinking; and since he is the most advanced in years, he calls himself the Old Drunkard. He delights less in drinking than in the hills and streams, taking pleasure in them and expressing the feeling in his heart through drinking.

Now at dawn and dusk in this mountain come the changes between light and darkness: when the sun emerges, the misty woods become clear; when the clouds hang low, the grottoes are

wrapped in gloom. Then in the course of the four seasons, You find wild flowers burgeoning and blooming with a secret fragrance, the stately trees put on their mantle of leaves and give a goodly shade, until wind and frost touch all with austerity, the water sinks low and the rocks at the bottom of the stream emerge. A man going there in the morning and returning in the evening during the changing pageant of the seasons can derive endless pleasure from the place.

And the local people may be seen making their way there and back in an endless stream, the old and infirm as well as infants in arms, men carrying burdens who sing as they go, passersby stopping to rest beneath the trees, those in front calling out and those behind answering. There the governor gives a feast with a variety of dishes before him, mostly wild vegetables and mountain produce. The fish are freshly caught from the stream, and since the stream is deep and the fish are fat; the wine is brewed with spring water, and since the spring is sweet the wine is superb. There they feast and drink merrily with no accompaniment of strings or flutes; when someone wins a game of touhu or chess, when they mark up their scores in drinking games together, or raise a cheerful din sitting or standing, it can be seen that the guests are enjoying themselves. The elderly man with white hair in the middle, who sits utterly relaxed and at his ease, is the governor, already half drunk.

Then the sun sinks towards the hills, men's shadows begins to flit about and scatter; and now the governor leaves, followed by his guests. In the shade of the woods birds chirp above and below, showing that the men have gone and the birds are at peace. But although the birds enjoy the hills and forests, they cannot understand the men's pleasure in them; and although men enjoy accompanying the governor there, they cannot understand his pleasure either. The governor is able to share his enjoyment with others when he is in his cups, and sober again can write an essay about it. Who is this governor? Ouyang Xiu of Luling.

(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)

The Story of the Old Drunkard Tower

Ou-yang Hsiu

The prefecture of Chu is surrounded with hills on all sides. The wooded ravines of the

south-west peaks are particularly beautiful. Lo, there is Lang Ya Hill shrouded in deep, luxuriant blue. After a few miles' walk in the mountains, the murmur of a stream will gradually come within hearing — that is the Brewing Fountain pouring down between two peaks. By turning round the peak along a bending path there appears a tower standing like a perching bird above the fountain — that is the Old Drunkard Tower. Who built the tower? A Buddhist monk, the Wise Immortal. Who gave it the name? The Prefect refers to himself. The Prefect comes to drink here with his guests. Only a little drinking will make him drunk; and being the eldest he therefore calls himself the old drunkard. The old drunkard is not interested in the wine, but in the hills and rivers. The joy of hills and rivers, found in the heart, mingles itself with the wine.

To illustrate, the sunrise dispersing the mists over the woods, and the return of clouds

dimming the caves below the rocks — this is the alteration of light and shade, which represents the morning and evening in the mountains. Sweet smell emitting from the fresh wild grass;

luxuriant shades made by the fine trees; the high, clear skies, windy and frosty; rocks standing out of receding water — these are the changes of the four seasons in the mountains. Going out in the morning and coming back in the evening, one finds each of the four seasons has its different scenery, and the pleasure is inexhaustible.

As for the carriers on the road, the wayfarers taking rest under the trees, some shouting ahead and some score behind, and others bent with burdens going to and fro without a break — these are visitors from Chu itself. To angle at the stream where the stream is deep and the fishes are fat; to brew the fountain water into wine where the water is delicious and the wine is clear; and with mountain game and wild vegetable placed before him in a confused manner — that is the Prefect at banquet. The pleasure of revelry is music neither of string, no of bamboo. The shooters hitting the marks; the chess-players scoring victory; winecups and counters mixed together; and people sitting down and rising up with much noise — the guests are happy and merry. And amidst the crowd a man with a sallow face and white hair, being hardly able to stand firm — that is the Prefect made drunk.

Soon the sun touching the mountain, and the shadows of men being scattered in confusion — the Prefect, followed by his guests, is going back. In the shades of the groves warbling is heard up and down — the birds are enjoying themselves after the departure of the visitors. The birds enjoy

mountains and woods, but understand not the pleasure of men; and men enjoy the pleasure of following the Prefect in excursion, but they know not what pleasure the Prefect enjoys. He who shares their pleasures in drunkenness, and when awake can relate it in writing — this is the Prefect. Who is the Prefect? — Ou-yang Hsiu of Lu Ling.

(潘正英 译)

The Pavilion of the Drunken Old Man

Ouyang Xiu

Chu Zhou is surrounded with mountains. The forests and valleys on the southwest ridge are especially beautiful. Lying in the distance, where the trees grow luxuriantly and gracefully, is the Langya Mountain. Six or seven li up the mountain path, a gurgling sound grows clearer and clearer. It is from a spring that falls between two mountains. The spring is called the Wine-Making Spring. The path turns and twists along the mountain ridge, and above the spring rests a pavilion perching aloft like a bird with wings outstretched. This is the Pavilion of the Drunken Old Man. Who built this pavilion? Monk Zhixian, who lived in the mountain. And who furnished it with that name? It was the prefect, who named it after his own alias. The prefect often comes here to drink wine with his friends and he easily gets tipsy after a few cups. Being oldest in age among his companions, he calls himself "the drunken old man". The drinker's heart is not in the cup, but in the mountains and waters. The joy he gets from them is treasured in the heart, and now and then he will express it through wine-drinking.

In the morning, the rising sun disperses the forest mists, and in the evening, the gathering clouds darken the caves and valleys. This shifting from light to darkness is morning and evening in the mountains. In spring, blooming flowers send forth a delicate fragrance; in summer, the flourishing trees afford deep shades; in autumn, the sky is high and crisp, and the frost, snowy white; in winter, the water of the creek recedes and the bare bedrock emerges. These are the mountain scenes in the four seasons. Going to the mountain in the morning and returning home in the evening and enjoying the beauties of the mountain in different seasons is a delight beyond description!

Carriers are singing all along the way, and pedestrians are taking rest beneath the trees. Some are shouting from the fore and are answered by others from behind. There are hunchbacked old folks, and children led by their elders. They are people from Chuzhou who have come here in an endless stream. Some are fishing by the creek where the water is deep and the fish are big. The water itself is faintly scented and the wine brewed from it is crystal clear. Upon the prefect's banquet table is a sundry layer of dishes, including the meat of wild beasts and the flavorings of edible mountain herbs. The joy of the feast lies not in the musical accompaniment of strings or flutes, but in winning the games, such as throwing arrows into the vessel, or chess playing. Wine cups and gambling chips lay scattered in blithe disarray. The revelers, now sitting, now standing, cavort madly among themselves. These are the prefect's guests, and the old man with wizened face and white hair among them, who is half drunk, is none other than the prefect himself.

As dusk falls, one sees shifting shadows scattering in all directions. The prefect is leaving for home, and his guests are following him. The shadows of the trees are deepening, and birds are chirping high and low. The people are going home, leaving the birds free to enjoy themselves. The birds only know their joy in the wooded mountains, but are unaware of what makes the people joyful. The people only know that they are joyful on their excursion with the prefect, but are unaware that the prefect finds his joy in seeing them joyful. He, who enjoys himself with the people when drunk, and records this excursion in writing when sober, is the prefect himself. And who is the prefect? He is Ouyang Xiu of Luling.

(罗经国 译)

The Arbour of the Drunken Graybeard

Ouyang Xiu

Surrounding Chu Prefecture are all mountains. Those standing in the southwest with wooded peaks and valleys are the most sublime. The one that commands a view of luxuriant forests, imparting a sense of seclusion and veiled beauty, is Mount

Langya. A walk of six or seven li along the mountain trail brings one within earshot of gurgling water, which announces Niang Spring gushing out between two peaks. The path twists and the peak gives a changed aspect. Then one comes in sight of an arbour soaring like a bird spreading its wings over the spring. This is namely the Arbour of the Drunken Graybeard. Who set up the arbour? The monk of the

mountains called Zhi Xian. Who gave it the name? His Excellency the prefect. The prefect and his guests often come here to drink. Even with a few sips, the former would become intoxicated, and being the oldest, styled himself the Drunken

田家欧阳修翻译篇七
《欧阳修《章望之字序〈庆历三年〉》原文及翻译》

欧阳修《章望之字序〈庆历三年〉》原文及翻译

原文:

校书郎章君,尝以其名望之来请字,曰:“愿有所教,使得以勉焉而自勖者。”予为之字曰表民,而告之曰:古之君子所以异乎众人者,言出而为民信,事行而为世法,其动作容貌皆可以表于民也。故纟延冕弁以为首容,佩玉环以为行容,衣裳黼黻以为身容。手有手容,足有足容,揖让登降,献酬俯仰,莫不有容,又见其宽柔温厚、刚严果毅之色,以为仁义之容。服其服,载其车,立乎朝廷而正君臣,出入宗庙而临大事,俨然人皆望而畏之,曰此吾民之所尊也。非民之知尊君子,而君子者能自修而尊者也。然而行不充于内,德不备于人,虽盛其服,文其容,民不尊也。

名山大川,一方之望也,山川之岳渎,天下之望也。故君子之贤于一乡者,一乡之望也;贤于一国者,一国之望也;名烈著于天下者,天下之望也;功德被于后世者,后世之望也。孝慈友悌达于一乡,古所谓乡先生者,一乡之望也。春秋之贤大夫,若随之季良、郑之子产者,一国之望也。位于中而奸臣贼子不敢窃发于外如汉之大将军;出入将相,朝廷以为轻重,天下系其安危,如唐之裴丞相者,天下之望也。其人已殁,其事已久,闻其名,想其人,若不可及者,夔、龙、稷、契是也。其功可以及百世,其道可以师百王,虽有贤圣莫敢过之者,周、孔是也。此万世之望,而皆所以为民之表也。

传曰:“其在贤者,识其大者远者。”章君儒其衣冠,气刚色仁,好学而有志。其絜然修乎其外,而辉然充乎其内,以发乎文辞,则又辩博放肆而无涯。是数者皆可以自择而勉焉者也,是固能识夫远大者矣。虽予何以勖焉,第因其志,广其说,以塞请。庆历三年六月日序。

译文:

校书郎章君,曾以他的姓名来请我为他取字,他说:“希望您能(为我取个字)教导我,让我能以此奋发自勉。”我为他取字叫“表民”,并对他说:古时君子所不同于众人的,(是他们)说出话来百姓就相信,做出事来就可为世间的规范,他们的行为动作和形象容貌都可以做人们的模范。所以戴各种礼帽束冠作头上的装饰规范,佩各种玉环玉佩作身上的装饰规范,穿各种衣裳礼服作身形的装饰规范。手有手的形象,脚有脚的表现,作揖谦让进前后退,献礼应酬俯仰行思,无不合于规范;再表现出他们宽厚柔和、温文而雅,又不失刚毅果敢、严肃正直的神色,大家就把这看作仁义之士的表现了。(就这样)穿上他们的礼服,登上他们的车子,就站在朝堂之上指正君臣,出入宗庙之间决断大事,庄重工稳的样子大家都一看就生出敬畏之情,说这是我们的百姓所尊敬的。并非百姓知道尊敬君子,而是君子能自我约束不断精进从而变得值得尊崇。这样若是行为不能充实自己,德行不能泽及他人,即使穿着华美庄重的衣服,精致地装饰自己的容貌,百姓也不会尊崇他的。

名山大川,是一个地方的模范标志,山川中的五岳四渎,是天下共尊的模范标志。因此君子若是一乡之中的贤能之人,就是一乡之间的模范标志;若是一国之中的贤能之士,就是一国之中的模范标志;名望气节天下闻名的,就是天下人的模范标志;功德泽及后世的,就是后世共尊的模范标志。孝顺慈爱友好谦敬影响一地,古时称为“乡先生”的,就是一地之人共敬的模范标志。春秋时期的贤明大夫,如随侯季良、郑国子产,都是一国的模范标志,他们身处朝廷奸臣贼子就不敢表现出恶行来;如汉朝的大将军们,出为将入为相,朝廷依靠他们行事,天下安危系于其身;如唐时的裴丞相,也是天下共同敬仰的模范标志。

1 Greysky整理 TeacherM翻译

这些人都已经离世,他们的事迹已经过去很久,听着他们的名字,就想到他们的行事为人,还有更远而难及,如夔、龙、稷、契这样的。他们的功德可以泽被千百年之后,他们的道可供后世百千帝王取法。就算这些圣贤都不敢超越的,是周公、孔子。这二位是万世不朽的模范,都是万民所景仰的表率啊。

传(论语)中说:“(文王、武王传承下来的)道在贤明之士身上表现出来,贤明之人看事物会看大局,看得长远。”章君端正他的衣冠服饰,神气刚正而神色宽仁,热爱学习又有志向。他行事为人洁身自好,思想气节深蕴内涵,表现出来成为文章辞句,就雄辩滔滔汪洋无际。这几点都是章君可以挑出来用以鼓励自己的,他本来就是那种能看大局看远景的。就算是我又能拿什么来勉励他呢,就顺着他的志向,传播他的言辞想法,聊以满足他的请求吧。庆历三年六月某日作此序。

TeacherM翻译2 Greysky整理

田家欧阳修翻译篇八
《戏答元珍原文翻译及赏析_欧阳修简介》

>戏答元珍朝代:宋代

作者:欧阳修

原文:

春风疑不到天涯,二月山城未见花。

残雪压枝犹有桔,冻雷惊笋欲抽芽。

夜闻归雁生乡思,病入新年感物华。

曾是洛阳花下客,野芳虽晚不须嗟。

写翻译 写赏析 分享 评分: 678910 很差 相关翻译 写翻译 戏答元珍译文及

注释

我怀疑春风吹不到这荒远的天涯,不然已是二月这山城怎么还看不见春花?残

余的积雪压在枝头好象有碧桔在摇晃,春雷震破冰冻那竹笋也被惊醒想发嫩芽。

夜晚听到归雁啼叫勾起我对故乡的思念,带 ...

相关赏析 写赏析 戏答元珍主旨

欧阳修对政治上遭受的打击心潮难平,故在诗中流露出迷惘寂寞的情怀,但他

并未因此而丧失自信、而失望,而是更多地表现了被贬的抗争精神,对前途仍充

满信心。 ...

戏答元珍导读

宋仁宗景三年(1036),欧阳修被贬为峡州夷陵县令。此诗乃次年春在夷陵 作。

一本题为《戏答元珍花时久雨之什》。题目冠以“戏”字,是声明此篇不过是游

戏之作,其实正是他受贬后政治上失意 ...

戏答元珍评析

以浅近自然的语言写景抒情,但琢磨很细,意脉完足,有一种亲切流畅的风格。首二句是欧阳修很得意的。据《苕溪渔隐丛话》引《西清诗话》,他曾对人说:“若无下句,则上句不见佳处,并读之,便觉 ...

作者介绍欧阳修 欧阳修(1007-1072),字永叔,号醉翁,晚号“六一居士”。

[1]汉族,吉州永丰(今江西省永丰县)人,因吉州原属庐陵郡,以“庐陵欧阳修”自居。谥号文忠,世称欧阳文忠公。北宋政治... 版权声明:本文内容由网友上传(或整理自网络),原作者已无法考证,版权归原作者所有。古诗文网免费发布仅供学习参考,其观点不代表本站立场。

转载请注明:原文链接 | 古诗大全 古诗文网 KKD6BM转载请注明出处,谢谢合作.

田家欧阳修翻译篇九
《英译宋词_欧阳修集_201102》

英譯宋詞 - 歐陽修集

English Translation of Song Poems

written by OUYANG Xiu

譯者 / Translated by : 南緯28° / 28utsc

2011.02.28

目錄 Table of Contents

025 OUYANG Xiu – Lyrics to Mulberry Pickers

026 OUYANG Xiu – A Recital of a True Heart

027 OUYANG Xiu – Lyrics to the Melody of Walking on the Grass

028 OUYANG Xiu – Lyrics to the Melody of Butterflies Chasing Flowers

029 OUYANG Xiu – Lyrics to the Melody of Butterflies Chasing Flowers

030 OUYANG Xiu – Lyrics to the Melody of Butterflies Chasing Flowers

031 OUYANG Xiu – Magnolia Lyrics

032 OUYANG Xiu – Lyrics to Linjiang Narcissi

033 OUYANG Xiu – Lyrics to Sandy Creek Washers

034 OUYANG Xiu – Lyrics to the Melody of Sand Dredging Waves

035 OUYANG Xiu – Lyrics to Green Jadeite Bowl

025 歐陽修 - 采桑子

025 OUYANG Xiu – Lyrics to Mulberry Pickers

中文原文﹕

群芳過後西湖好,狼籍殘紅,飛絮濛濛,垂柳闌干盡日風。

笙歌散盡游人去,始覺春空,垂下簾櫳,雙燕歸來細雨中。英文翻譯 / English Translation﹕ After the season of bloom the West Lake shows its best, Petals fall in disarray, flitting catkins float, And willows hanging over balustrades waver in the wind all day long. Instruments and singing comes to a lull, guests scatter, I begin to feel the absence of spring, so I let down the screen over the window, In the drizzle return a pair of swallows.

026 歐陽修 - 訴衷情

026 OUYANG Xiu – A Recital of a True Heart

中文原文﹕

清晨簾幕捲輕霜,呵手試梅妝。都緣自有離恨,故畫作、遠山長。 英文翻譯 / English Translation﹕ Raising of the curtains in the morning also light frost lifted away, I warmed my hands to try on her plum make-up. Feeling surrounded in sorrows of parting, The brows I drew were long like mountain ranges.

思往事,惜流芳,易成傷。Recollecting bygones and bemoaning loss of time predispose one to suffer pain.擬歌先斂,欲笑還顰,Before she sang she'd prepare herself, when she smile her brows close remain, 最斷人腸。Most gut-wrenching is when I these retrace.

027 歐陽修 - 踏莎行

027 OUYANG Xiu – Lyrics to the Melody of Walking on the Grass

中文原文﹕

候館梅殘,溪橋柳細,草薰風暖搖征轡。離愁漸遠漸無窮,迢迢不斷如春水。

寸寸柔腸,盈盈粉淚,樓高莫近危闌倚。平蕪盡處是春山,行人更在春山外。英文翻譯 / English Translation﹕ Around the high-rise plum blossoms wither, by the bridge tender willows thrive, The fragrance of grass wafts across in warm breezes wavering marching riders. The further I move on the more my parting grief grows and infinite becomes, Like vernal waters it springs endlessly spreading far and wide. With inches and inches of wrenched gut and tear-filled eyes, Lean not against balustrades of tall buildings to overlook the height. At the end of grasslands lie mountains in spring, Beyond the blue mountains, those who saw me off remain far behind.

028 歐陽修‧蝶戀花

028 OUYANG Xiu – Lyrics to the Melody of Butterflies Chasing Flowers中文原文﹕

庭院深深深幾許?楊柳堆煙,簾幕無重數。玉勒雕鞍游冶處,樓高不見章臺路。

雨橫風狂三月暮,門掩黃昏,無計留春住。淚眼問花花不語,亂紅飛過鞦韆去。英文翻譯 / English Translation﹕ How deep is the inner garden that is deep? Shrouded in smoky mist are willows, as if filtered by many a screen. On a horse with a rein set with jade and sculpted bridle I saunter, Many buildings soar yet no longer existent is the Terrace of the Seal. Stormy is the wind and rain of this March evening, Doors close in the remains of day, yet there's no way to hold on to spring. With my teary eyes I appeal to blossoms, yet silent they keep, Astir and adrift they are flitting across swings.

029 歐陽修‧蝶戀花

029 OUYANG Xiu – Lyrics to the Melody of Butterflies Chasing Flowers中文原文﹕

誰道閒情拋棄久?每到春來,惆悵還依舊。日日花前常病酒,不辭鏡裏朱顏瘦。

河畔青蕪堤上柳,為問新愁,何事年年有?獨立小橋風滿袖,平林新月人歸後。英文翻譯 / English Translation﹕ Says who that love could be forgone for long? Every spring comes to find me as sorrowful and regretful as before. Day after day I drink till I'm drunk before blossoms, The mirror shows me losing flesh yet I care no more.Willows by the levee and grasslands by the river, What say you of melancholy that comes year after year? Standing on a small bridge with the breeze filling my sleeves I ponder, Over woods on a flatland rises a new moon as I make my return.

030 歐陽修‧蝶戀花

030 OUYANG Xiu – Lyrics to the Melody of Butterflies Chasing Flowers中文原文﹕

幾日行雲何處去?忘了歸來,不道春將暮。百草千花寒食路,香車繫在誰家樹?

淚眼倚樓頻獨語,雙燕來時,陌上相逢否?撩亂春愁如柳絮,依依夢裡無尋處。英文翻譯 / English Translation﹕ For days I've been going like fleeting clouds, where have I been? Forgetting to home return, I'm about to see the end of spring. On the day of Cold Fare, verdure and flowers of various kindsw line the streets, Where can I find her fragrant coach, tied to whose tree? With teary eyes I think aloud leaning over the building, When swallows return in pairs, have they seen her in the field? Astir is the melancholy of spring, much like willow catkins, Elusive are the lingering feelings that evade even dreams.

田家欧阳修翻译篇十
《初2013级嘉祥外国语英语九上入学考试题及答案》

2012—2013学年度初三上期语文入学测试答案卷

卷首寄语:亲爱的同学,长长的暑假,你一定徜徉在语文的世界里,穿行在文山墨水中,

你定然明白了“天行健,君子以自强不息”以及人应该刚毅坚卓,奋发图强的道理。站在

初三的起跑线上,祝愿你如强弓劲弩,开弓中的,一举成功!

友情提示:全卷分A卷和B卷,A卷100分,B卷50分,满分共150分,完成时间120

分钟。所有试题均完成在答题卷上。

A卷(共100分)

第I卷(选择题,共18分)

一、基础知识(9分,每小题3分)

1.根据语境,下面加点字注音正确的一项是( D )

A.理想使你倔强(juè)地反抗着命运。理想使你忘记鬓发(bìn)早白。 ..

B.这道目光就像一把锃(zèn)亮的钢刀刺了过来,击中要害。令你无法动弹(tán) 。 ..

C.对于广大的关东原野,我心理怀着炽(chì)痛的热爱,我无时无刻不听见她召(zhā..

o)唤我回去。

D.这片巨大的空间,不过是咫(zhǐ)尺之间而已,就如同鲲鹏看待斥鴳一般,只是蓬

蒿(hāo)之间罢了。

2.下面语句中书写准确无误的一项是( B )

A.这腰鼓,使冰冷的空气立即变得躁热了,使恬静的阳光立即变得飞溅了,使困倦的世

界立即变得亢奋了。

B.这叫声与我平时听到的羊叫迥然不同,没有柔和的颤音,没有甜腻的媚态,也没有绝

望的叹息,音调虽然也保持了羊一贯的平和,但沉郁有力,透露出某种坚定不移的决心。

C.北雁南飞,活跃在田间草际的昆虫也都消声匿迹。到处呈现一片衰草连天的景象,准

备迎接风雪载途的寒冬。

D.明白过后便想,天津卫九河下梢,人情炼达,生意场上,心灵嘴巧。

3.下列语句中加点的成语使用不准确的一项是( B )

A.大自然这一超级画家用出神入化的笔法,将深浅浓淡,隐显明暗搭配组合,使极光 ....

变成了五彩缤纷的万花筒。

B.小王在李老师的帮助下终于完成了一篇文章,可谓是妙笔生花。 ....

C.年轻意味着责任,意味着希望,年轻人怎能遇到一点挫折就自暴自弃呢? ....

D.富有创造性的人总是孜孜不倦地汲取知识,使自己学识渊博。 ....

二、阅读下面的文言文,完成4~6题。(9分,每小题3分)

秦王谓唐雎曰:“寡人以五百里之地易安陵,安陵君不听寡人,何也?且秦灭韩亡魏,

而君以五十里之地存者,以君为长者,故不错意也。今吾以十倍之地,请广于君,而君逆寡

人者,轻寡人与?”唐雎对曰:“否,非若是也。安陵君受地于先王而守之,虽千里不敢易也,

岂直五百里哉?”

秦王怫然怒,谓唐雎曰:“公亦尝闻天子之怒乎?”唐雎对曰:“臣未尝闻也。”秦王曰:

“天子之怒,伏尸百万,流血千里。”唐雎曰:“大王尝闻布衣之怒乎?”秦王曰:“布衣之怒,

亦免冠徒跣,以头抢地耳。”唐雎曰:“此庸夫之怒也,非士之怒也。夫专诸之刺王僚也,彗

星袭月;聂政之刺韩傀也,白虹贯日;要离之刺庆忌也,仓鹰击于殿上。此三子者,皆布衣

之士也,怀怒未发,休祲降于天,与臣而将四矣。若士必怒,伏尸二人,流血五步,天下缟

素,今日是也。”挺剑而起。

秦王色挠,长跪而谢之曰:“先生坐!何至于此!寡人谕矣:夫韩、魏灭亡,而安陵以五

十里之地存者,徒以有先生也。”

4. 加点词语解释有误的一项是( A )

A.“虽千里不敢易也,岂直五百里哉?” (直:通“值”,价值 ) .

B. 秦王曰:“布衣之怒,亦免冠徒跣,以头抢地尔。”(抢:撞 ) .

C. 此三子者,皆布衣之士也,怀怒未发,休祲降于天,与臣而将四矣。( 祲:不祥 ) .

D.若士必怒,伏尸二人,流血五步,天下缟素,今日是也。”(是:这样 ) .

5.下列句子中加点字含义相同的一组是:( B )

A.今吾以十倍之地,请广于君 要离之刺庆忌也,仓鹰击于殿上 ..

B.安陵君受地于先王而守之 野芳发而幽香 ..

C.大王尝闻布衣之怒乎? 仲永之通悟,受之天也。 ..

D.虽千里不敢易也 故余虽愚,卒或有所闻 ..

6.对文段内容理解有误的一项是( B )

A.《唐雎不辱使命》最引人注目的是人物的对白。除了很少几句串场的叙述,几乎全是对

白。用对白交代事情的起因、经过、结果,重点突出,层次清晰。

B.秦王先摆出一副施恩加惠的姿态,接着又指责唐雎“逆寡人者,轻寡人与?”,可谓是

软硬兼施。

C.《唐雎不辱使命》采用了多种形式的对比衬托来刻画人物,。秦王先倨后躬,唐雎先躬后

倨,对比十分鲜明。

D.在这场斗争中,唐雎十分讲究说话的技巧,主要表现在三个方面:“巧”在言辞委婉,

言之有节上;巧在针锋相对,言之有据上;巧在以行正言,言之有力上。 第II卷(共82分)

三、翻译、默写(10分)

7.翻译下面的句子(4分)

(1)以君为长者,故不错意也。

译文: (我)把安陵君当作忠厚的长者,所以不打他的主意。

(2)夫韩、魏灭亡,而安陵以五十里之地存者,徒以有先生也。”

译文:那韩国魏国灭亡,但是安陵国却凭借五十里的土地幸存的原因,只是因为有先生啊!

8.默写古诗文中的名篇名句。(6分)

(1)默写名句的上下句(任选两句填写)(2分)

① 万里来游还望远 ,三年多难更凭危。

② 只恐双溪舴艋舟 ,载不动,许多愁。

③有朋自远方来, 不亦乐乎 ___。

(2)王安石《等飞来峰》和温庭筠《商山早行》中任选一首默写。(4分)

答: 飞来山上千寻塔,闻说鸡鸣见日升。 晨起动征铎,客行悲故乡。鸡声茅店月,

四、阅读下面文章,然后完成9~12题(12分) 因思杜陵梦,凫雁满回塘。

太阳风暴对地球影响有多大?

林 泉

一些科学家预测2012年地球将遭遇强太阳风暴袭击,届时将给地球带来“多米诺骨

牌式”的影响,其影响力将渗透到现代社会的方方面面。人们不禁会问,这次太阳风暴是

否真的会到来?它究竟会给人类带来什么影响?

太阳风暴是指太阳在黑子活动高峰阶段产生的剧烈爆发活动。它爆发时释放大量带电粒

子所形成的高速粒子流,严重影响地球的空间环境,破坏臭氧层,干扰无线通信,对人体

健康也有一定的危害。

空间天气和人类关系密切,太阳风暴可能对高度信息化的人类社会以灾难性打击。首

当其冲的受害者是人造卫星。2000年7月14日,日本的“宇宙学和天体物理高新卫星”

(ASCA)在太阳风暴中失去能源,姿态失控,几个月后便坠入了大气层。在几个小时内,太

阳风暴就能使人造卫星的寿命缩短大约两年。因为带电粒子会侵蚀卫星的太阳能电池板,

同时它还会在电路中引发错误的指令,或者造成放电等卫星故障。此外,太阳风暴能量的

注入会使得地球大气层膨胀,增加了低轨卫星的大气阻尼,让它们提早坠落。

接下来毁坏的是供电系统。1989年3月13日,加拿大魁北克省有600万人在没有

电力的情况下度过了9个小时,因为太阳风暴毁坏了电网中的变压器。原来,随太阳风暴

爆发时侵入的等离子体,会造成地球磁场的快速变化,变化的磁场在电网中诱导产生电流。

但是电网的设计无法应付这些直流电,于是最大的危险就会出现在电网中造价高昂且难于

更换的变压器上。不断上升的直流电会产生强磁场,它会使得不堪重负的变压器磁核饱和,

其结果就是变压器的铜线升温熔化。

太阳风暴还会影响GPS的无线电信号。它不仅会干扰传播信号的电离层,还会产生

额外的噪音信号。在2003年万圣节的太阳风暴中,除了民航客机的导航系统受到影响,太

阳风暴中的高能粒子还干扰了飞机的无线电通讯。特别是对于高纬度地区的航线,由于地

球磁场的保护作用较弱,太阳风暴甚至会使得航班改变航线达数天之久。

太阳每隔11年就会进入一次活动高峰年,会向外面抛出很多物质,就像“打喷嚏”

一样,这让离它1.5亿万千米的地球也“感冒”。其实太阳风暴对人类的影响一直存在,只

是近年来随着科学技术的发展,人类建立的高科技系统规模越来越大,对这些系统的依赖

程度越来越高。而这些系统对周围环境的变化也越来越敏感,因而技术系统的灾害事件对

人类社会影响的程度也就越来越大。目前来看,对于太阳爆发活动敏感的高技术系统主要

有:航天、通信、导航、电网、输油管道等系统。

但是太阳风暴对地球的影响并非那么“耸人听闻”。太阳风暴的影响主要集中在外

太空,而由于地球磁场和大气层的阻挡效应,生活在地球上并不会因此受到过于明显的干

扰。专家们表示,当太阳风暴活动活跃时,黑子不断燃烧、爆炸,期间释放的大量紫外线

会使地球上空的电离层浓度突然增加,吸收掉短波的能量,从而造成对短波无线电信号的

干扰。但日常生活中人们使用的手机,包括部分无线电都不通过电离层传播信号,因此一

般的太阳风暴对地球表面的通信影响不会太大。理论上,一般的太阳风暴强度还不至于冲

破地球大气和磁场的保护,对地球上的现存物种构成致命威胁。

(节选自《百科知识》2010年第8期)

9. 文章开头连续发问“这次太阳风暴是否真的会到来?它究竟会给人类带来什么影响?”

作用是什么?(2分)

①引发读者思考,激发读者的阅读兴趣;②引出下文关于太阳风暴对人类带来影响的内容

的说明。(标准:一点一分)

10.阅读全文,概括太阳风暴可能对高度信息化的现代社会造成怎样的灾难性打击?(3分)

①损害人造卫星;②毁坏供电系统;③影响GPS的无线电信号。(标准:一点一分。必须

在中心句中提取。答案是动宾短语形式或者文中中心句,其余答案太长都不给分)

11.从文章内容看,作者认为太阳风暴对人类的影响是否会逐渐加大?为什么?(2分)

①是会逐渐加大。②因为近年来随着科学技术的发展,人类建立的高科技系统规模越来越

大,对这些系统的依赖程度越来越高。而这些系统对周围环境的变化也越来越敏感,因而

技术系统的灾害事件对人类社会影响的程度也就越来越大。(结论和理由阐述,一步一分)

12.文中以“打喷嚏”“感冒”来说明太阳风暴对地球的影响,这样写有什么表达效果?(3

分)①这是运用打比方的说明方法。②生动形象地说明了太阳风暴对地球的影响其实就像

人类“打喷嚏”和“感冒”一样很平常,一直都存在。通俗易懂,易于理解。(指出说明

方法一分;有生动形象、通俗易懂等表达效果的词语一分;说明的内容归纳一分。内容归

纳不够准确酌情扣0.5分)

13.太阳风暴强度还不至于冲破地球大气和磁场的保护,对地球上的现存物种构成致命威胁,

因此人类大可不必担心。联系原文分析,这种说法正确吗?为什么?(2分)

①这种说法不正确。因为原文中有“理论上”“一般”等限定词语,用语很准确。没有这些

限定词语,原句的意思就变成了“不管什么太阳风暴都对地球上的现存物种不构成致命威

胁”,这种说法与原句是不符合的。(判断和理由阐述各一分。理由阐述不够清楚可酌情扣

0.5分。)

五、作文(60分)

请以“垒高自己”为题目 ,写一篇文章。

要求:①自定立意,自选文体;②不少于600字;④不得抄袭、套作;③不得出现真实的人

名、校名和地名。

B卷(50分)

一、诗歌鉴赏(4分)阅读欧阳修《田家》完成下面的题

田家 欧阳修

绿桑高下映平川,赛罢田神(1)笑语喧。

林外鸣鸠(2)春雨歇,屋头初日杏花繁。

注释:(1)赛田神:是指古代农村以祈盼丰收为内容的一种祭祀活动。(2)鸠:一种小鸟

1.这首诗的画面感很强,基本上每句都为我们勾勒了一幅画面,请用简洁的语言完成下面

画面的概括:

,春祭笑语,初日繁花。 (2分)

(要求:仿照示范,归纳应是四字短语才得分;答案不唯一,有诗句中的意象及意

象特点即可。)

2.这首诗抒发了诗人怎样的情怀(2分)

表现了作者对田家生活的热爱和与民同乐的情怀。

(一点一分)

二、阅读下面文言文,完成3~5题(12分)

汝阴侯夏侯婴,沛人也。为沛厩司御。每送使客还,过沛泗上亭,与高祖语,未尝不移

日也。婴已而试补县吏,与高祖相爱(1)。高祖戏而伤婴,人有告高祖。高祖时为亭长,重

坐伤人,告故不伤婴,婴证之。后狱覆,婴坐高祖系(2)岁余,掠笞数百,终以是脱高祖。

高祖之初与徒属欲攻沛也,婴时以县令史为高祖使。还定三秦,从击项籍。至彭城,

项羽大破汉军,汉王败,不利,驰往。见孝惠、鲁元,载之。汉王急,马罢,(3)虏在后,

常蹶两儿欲弃之,婴常收,竟载之,徐行面雍树(4)乃驰。汉王怒,行欲斩婴者十余,卒得

脱,而致孝惠、鲁元于丰。

追北至平城,为胡所围,七日不得通。高帝使使厚遗阏氏,冒顿开围一角。高帝出

欲驰,婴固徐行,弩皆持满外向,卒得脱。

婴自上初起沛,常为太仆,竟高祖崩。以太仆事孝惠,孝惠帝及高后德婴之脱孝惠、

鲁元于下邑之闲(5)也。乃赐婴县北第第一,曰“近我”,以尊异之。孝惠帝崩,以太仆事

高后。高后崩,代王之来,婴以太仆与东牟侯进清宫,废少帝,以天子法驾迎代王代邸,与

大臣共立为孝文天子,复为太仆,八岁卒,谥为文侯。 (节选自《史记》)

注解: (1)相爱:亲近 (2)系:关押 (3)罢 :同“疲”,劳累的意思。

(4)面,面向,面对。 雍,通“拥”,抱着。 (5)闲:路上。

3.下面加点词解释有误的一项是:( B 此处应该为“最终” )

A.高祖时为亭长,重坐伤人 (为:当,做) .

B.汉王怒,行欲斩婴者十余,卒得脱,而致孝惠、鲁元于丰。(卒:士兵) .

C.孝惠帝及高后德婴之脱孝惠。 (德:感激) .

D.婴固徐行 (固:坚决) .

4.将文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(6分)

(1)高祖戏而伤婴,人有告高祖

翻译: 高祖开玩笑伤害了夏侯婴,有人就揭发了高祖。(落实“戏”和“告”各1分,句

意大致通顺1分) (戏:开玩笑;告:揭发或者告发)

(2)追北至平城,为胡所围,七日不得通

翻译:高祖追赶逃跑的士兵到平城,被匈奴围困,七天都不能逃脱。(落实“为”和“通”

各1分;句意大致通顺1分)(为:被;通:逃脱)

5.你认为夏侯婴是一个怎样的人?请结合文章内容分析。(4分)

①夏侯婴是一个他重情重义的人。他年轻时就和刘邦有所交往,“与高祖相爱”。高祖无意

中伤害了自己,犯“重坐伤人”罪,但夏侯婴却为高祖开脱,并替高祖受过,“终以是脱高祖”。

②夏侯婴是一个善良的人。他在关键时刻,冒着被杀头的危险,救护高祖的子女;

③夏侯婴还是一个做事谨慎,有谋略的人。当高祖被围平城而脱险时,夏侯婴劝高祖“徐

行”,以防敌人用诈。④夏侯婴还是一个为刘氏江山尽心尽力,无怨无悔的忠臣。他以太仆

身份先后侍奉高祖、惠帝、高后、文帝,他毫无怨言,忠心耿耿,废少帝,立代王,稳定

了刘氏基业,促进了汉王朝的长治久安。

本文来源:http://www.guakaob.com/yingyuleikaoshi/87325.html