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雷声 修辞篇一
《修辞》
雷声 修辞篇二
《英语修辞法18种》
英语修辞法18种
1. 明喻 (Simile)
明喻是指为了鲜明地刻画某一事，将具有某种共同特征的两种事物加以对比。它由本体、喻
体和比喻词组成。常用的比喻词有as、like、as if、as though、as... as、similar to、to bear
a resemblance to等等。明喻能使深奥的哲理变得浅显易懂。
A man without religion is like a horse without a bridle.
人无信仰，犹如马无缰绳。
Fire is as hurtful as healthful.火能成灾，也能造福。
Use a book as a bee does flowers.读书如蜜蜂采蜜。
Wit without learning is like a tree without fruit.
没有学识的机智犹如没有果实的树。
Beauty without virtue is like a rose without scent.美而无德犹如花无香味。
2. 暗喻 (Metaphor)
暗喻亦称为“隐喻”，它同明喻一样，也是在两个不同类对象之间进行比喻，区别在于：明
喻把本体和喻体说成是相似的，而暗喻则把两者说成是一致的；明喻中有比喻词，而暗喻中
不用比喻词。
A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever.
好书如相伴终生的挚友。
A dwarf on a giant’s shoulders sees the farther of the two.
侏儒站在巨人的肩上，会看得更远。
Fire is a good servant but a bad master.火是忠仆，用之不慎成灾主。
A word spoken is an arrow let fly.出口的话如同离弦的箭。
A teacher for a day is a father for a lifetime.一日为师，终身为父。
3.类比 (Analogy)
类比是一种阐述事理的修辞格，即用人们熟悉的事例说明较深的道理，或通过具体形象阐明
抽象的概念。它主要是把两种本质上不同的事物之间的共同点加以比较。
Judicious praise is to children what the sun is to flowers.
明智的赞扬对于孩子的作用，就像阳光对于花朵的作用一样。
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.一鸟在手胜过二鸟在林。
Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.
读书之于头脑，就像运动之于身体。
A bad bush is better than an open field.矮树丛总比空地好（聊胜于无）。
4.讽喻 (Allegory)
讽喻也叫寓意，是一种比暗喻更为委婉的比喻，其基本形式是以具体形象说明抽象概念，通
过具体形象或浅近事实，给人以启发，引导人们去认清事物的本质或深邃的哲理。
No rose without a thorn.世上没有无刺的玫瑰（世上没有十全十美的事）。
It’s time to turn swords into ploughs.铸剑为犁（是应该以和平代替战争的时候了）。
Laugh and the world laugh with you; weep and you weep alone.
笑时万众附和，哭时独自垂泪。
5.换喻 (Metonymy)
换喻不像明喻、暗喻等比喻形式那样利用不同类对象的相似之处或类同点构成比较，而是借
与某事物密切相关的东西来表示该事物以唤起他人的联想，从而避免生硬直说。因此也称为
借代或转喻。换喻的主要类型有：用容器替代东西；用地名替代人；用工具替代使用工具的
人；用环境替代该环境下的人；用作家替代作品；用具体的事物代替抽象概念等。
The pen is mightier than the sword.文比武强(文字的威力强于刀枪)。
Life is a battle from cradle to grave.人生是从摇篮到坟墓的一场搏斗。
A cat in gloves catches no mice.
戴手套的猫捉不到耗子（四体不勤的人办不好事情）。
One swallow does not make a summer.
独燕不成夏（一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园）。
One takes on the color of one’s company.近朱者赤,近墨者黑。
6．提喻 (Synecdoche)
提喻是指以某事物的局部代表整体，或以整体喻指部分；也可以抽象代具体或以具体代抽象的修辞手法。提喻能使形象具体化，起到言简意赅的作用。
Two heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。
You may know by a handful the whole sack.见一把而知整袋（一叶知秋）。
There is no arguing with a large fist.
不能同大拳头争辩（秀才遇见兵，有理说不清）。
The brains don’t lie in the beard.有智不在年高。
An ape is an ape, a varlet is a varlet, though they be clad in silk or scarlet.
猴子即使穿上绸缎的衣服也还是猴子（服装无法改变穿衣者的本性）。
7.拟人 (Personification)
拟人是把无生命的东西或抽象的概念赋予人的个性的一种修辞手法。
Facts speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。
Fields have eyes, and woods have ears.隔墙有耳。
Make money your servant, not your master.
要让钱成为你的仆人，而不要成为你的主人。
To read a book for the first time is to make the acquaintance of a new friend; to read it a second time is to meet an old one.
初读一本书，结识新朋友；再读这本书，会见老朋友。
8. 拟物 (Zoosemy)
同拟人相反，拟物是把人当成物来描写，包括描写成动物、植物、无生命物、抽象概念等。 Being close to the emperor is like being close to a tiger.伴君如伴虎。
A man dies the way a lamp goes out.人死如灯灭。
A false friend and a shadow attend only when the sun shines.
伪善的朋友像阴影，阳光下才能显露出。
9.对偶 (Antithesis)
对偶是用结构相同字数相等的一对词组或句子来表达相反、相似或相关意思的一种修辞格。它能起到声韵和谐、言简意赅的作用。
First think, then speak.三思而后言。
More haste, less speed.欲速则不达。
Once bitten, twice shy.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。
Good to begin well, better to end well.善始才能善终。
Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竞成。
10.对照 (Contrast)
对照是突出差别的一种修辞手段。即把两个不同的事物或同一个事物的两个方面放在一起说，通过匀称工整的对应结构形成巧妙的对仗，以便更鲜明、更透彻、更全面地说明问题。 Be slow to promise and quick to perform.允诺宜缓，履行宜速。
Pride hurts, modesty benefits.满招损，谦受益。
Handsome women generally fall to the best of ugly men.美妇常配丑夫。
Speak is silver, silence is golden.雄辩是银，沉默是金。
Great cry and little wool.雷声大，雨点小。11. 重复 (Repetition)
重复也叫反复，是指为了强调某个思想，突出某种情感，对重点词、重要概念进行重复，引起读者注意，留下深刻印象，以达到某种效果的修辞格。
Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.不要自找麻烦。
In for a penny, in for a pound.一不做，二不休。
Nothing venture, nothing have.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
Great hopes make great men.伟大的抱负造就伟大的人。
Calf love ,half love; old love ,cold love.幼恋不成爱，年老情更深。
12. 押韵 (Rhyming)
押韵是重复相同的读音或字母进行押韵的修辞手法。谚语中使用押韵读起来朗朗上口，易于记忆，可增强音调的和谐与美感。押韵有头韵、尾韵等。
12.1 头韵 (Alliteration)
两个或更多的词以相同的辅音字母开始，即在句子的开头重复相同的字母或读音构成头韵。
A good fame is better than a good face.美誉胜过俊脸。
Death pays all debts.一死了百债。
Look before you leap.三思而后行。
Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
12.2 尾韵 (Consonance)
在句子的末尾重复相同的字母或读音的押韵构成尾韵。
April showers bring May flowers.四月骤雨带来五月鲜花。
Friend may meet, but mountains never greet.山与山不相会，人与人总相逢。
A good beginning makes a good ending.善始者善其终。
Good health is above wealth.健康胜于财富。
There is many a slip between the cup and the lip.功败垂成。
13.夸张 (Hyperbole)
运用丰富的想象，在数量、形状或程度上
Want of wit is worse than want of wealth.缺少才智比缺少财富更糟糕。
加以渲染以增强表达效果，这就是夸张。这种修辞手法能渲染深切的感情，使语言引起人们的想象，给人以深刻的印象。
A thousand years cannot repair a moment's loss of honor.一失足成千古恨。
Love makes the world go round.爱情威力大，能叫地球翻。
Content is more than a kingdom.知足胜似王国。
Faith will move mountains.决心大,大山移。
An unfortunate man would be drowned in a teacup.人到倒霉时，杯水会淹死。
14. 双关 (Pun)
双关是巧妙地利用同音异义或同形异义等现象使词或句子具有两种不同含义的一种修辞格。它能使语言活泼生动，或借题发挥，创造一种滑稽幽默的效果。双关可分为语义双关和谐音双关等。
14.1 语义双关 (Homograph)
语义双关是指利用词语的多义构成的双关。
If we don’t hang together, we shall hang separately.
如果我们不紧紧团结在一起，那就会被一个个地绞死。
Measure yourself by your own foot.
用自己的脚来量自己。（用自己的标准来衡量自己。）
这里foot有两层含义：脚或英尺。构成语义双关。
14.2 谐音双关 (Homophone)
谐音双关是指利用词语发音相同或相似构成的双关。
On Sunday they pray for you and on Monday they prey on you!
Rue and thyme grow both in one garden.
今天为你祈祷，明天对你敲诈。
芸香和麝香长在同一个园子里（悔恨与日俱增）。
这里thyme与time发音相同，构成谐音双关。
15．排比 (Parallelism)排比是以语法结构对称来突出意义的一种修辞手段。使用排比一般是为了反复强调句子意思或为了平衡句子结构。
Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man. 阅读使人完美，讨论使人机敏，写作使人严谨。
We gain knowledge by reading, by reflection, by observation or by practice.
求知门径颇多，或阅读或思考或观察或实践。
Lawsuit consumes time, and money, and rest, and friends.
诉讼使人丧失时间，金钱和安宁，也使人失去朋友。
You buy land, you buy stones; you buy meat, you buy bones.
买地就得买石头，买肉就得买骨头。（有用之物中总会包含无用之物。）
16. 蝉联 (Anadiplosis)
蝉联是Repetition的一种形式，称“链式反复” 或“尾首反复”，即在后一句的开头重复前句末尾的词语的一种修辞手法。
You can not seek Lady Luck. Lady Luck seeks you.
你不能寻找运气，运气会来找你。
He that is down , down with him.墙倒众人推。
Love asks faith, and faith asks firmness.爱情要求忠诚，忠诚要求坚定。
If you would be well served, serve yourself.要合自己意就自己动手。
If you would be loved, love and be lovable.
要想被人爱，就要付出爱，还需要自己可爱。
17. 回环 (Regression)
回环，亦称作“逆序反复”，指在一个句子或一段文字中以相反的顺序重复前面的词语的一种修辞手法。
The seed is in the fruit and the fruit in the seed.
果实里有种子，种子里有果实。
Better be ill spoken of by one before all than by all before one.
宁愿一人在众人前说你的坏话， 不愿众人在一人前说你的坏话。
Know something of everything and everything of something.通百艺而专一长。 More know Tom Fool than Tom Fool knows.认识傻瓜的人要比傻瓜所知道的多。
A place for everything, everything in its place.物物齐备，井井有条。
18．低调陈述 (Understatement)
低调陈述,也叫“含蓄陈述”，是与夸张法对应的一种辞格。其表现形式主要有两种： 18．1曲言法 (Litotes)
以反说代替正说，即通常以否定形式表示肯定的内容。
There is nothing new under the sun.世上什么事都发生过。
Love is never without jealousy.有爱情必有嫉妒。
There is no friend so faithful as a good book.好书胜益友。
There is nothing which has not been bitter before being ripe.
成功之前，必历艰辛。
Caesar is not above the grammarians.皇帝也得讲道理。
18．2弱陈法 (Meiosis)
以弱说代替强说，即用形容词或副词比较级或用程度副词如almost, hardly, kind of , rather, scarcely, something of, sort of等减弱语气。
There is hardly anybody good for everything, and there is scarcely anybody who is absolutely good for nothing.
没有人万事皆通，也没有人一无所能。
雷声 修辞篇三
《修辞的全面讲解》
雷声 修辞篇四
《高英修辞》
【英语】高级英语上册 修辞
Ⅴ. Study of the Figures of Speech in Lesson 9 & Lesson 10:
1. Irony
Irony is the expression of actual intent (意图；意思) in words that carry the opposite meaning. It is an effective literary device because it gives the impression of great restraint (抑制).
Irony spring from a perception or awareness of discrepancy (差异) ans incongruity (不一致) between words
and their meaning, or between actions and their results, or between appearance and clarity. In all cases, there
may be an element of the absurd and the paradoxical (反論的).
1) This hard-working boy seldom reads more than an hour per week.
2) Robbing a widow of her savings was certainly a noble act.
3) I fear I wrong the nonorable men whose daggers have stabbed Caesar. (Shakespeare)
4) You are as eloquent as an oyster.
2. Euphemism
Euphemism is a figure of speech in which less exact but milder or less blunt (生硬的)words or phrases are used in place of disagreeable (令人不快的)or unpleasant expression. It is a substitution of an inoffensive (不冒犯人的)expression for one that may be disagreeable.
1) Euphemisms for “mad”
Many of the expressions are funny, so as to dispell the unpleasantness of being mad. E. g. He is queer (odd; crazy; unhinged; off his head; out of his head; unsound in the mind; not of sound mind;
unbalanced; unsettled in his mind; touched in the head; out of his mind; of unsound mind; soft in mind; not all
there; far-gone; not in his right mind; simple-minded; brain-sick; all possessed鬼魂附体; not right; off in his
upper story; not quite right upstairs; nuts; nutty; dafty, dotty, goofy; loomy; lunatic; buggy; cuckoo;
feeble-minded; innocent; simple; off his chump; off his nut, off his base, off his trolley; off the truck, off his
rocker; metally ill, touched, etc.)
2) Euphemisms for “die”:
a) He is gone (to his rest, to to glory).
b) He ceased to be.
c) He is no more.
d) He passed away.
e) He is departed from me.
f) He closed his life.
g) He checked out.
h) He took leave of life and bowed himself to the will of Heaven.
i) He kicked the bucket. (or: He kicked off.)
3) Euphemisms for “drunk”
a) He is fuddled.
b) He is merry (or: jolly or happy or gay).
c) He is groggy. (grog 酒)
d) He is in his cups.
e) He is smelling of the cork.
f) He has had a drop too much.
g) He is top-heavy.
h) He is full of Dutch courage. (酒后之勇)
i) He is glorious.
j) He is reeling. (旋转)
k) He is far-gone. (He is far-gone in drink.)
l) He is tanked up.
4) Euphemisms for War and politics:
strike (罢工) ____ industrial action debt ____ cash advance
economic crisis ____ recession poor people ____ the underpriviledged, the needy people
attack ____ active defence retreat ____ strategic withdrawal (战略转移)
concentration camp (集中营)____ strategic village （战略村）
Others
old people ____ senior citizens asylum ____ mental home
pregnant ____ in the family way, in an interesting condition
free love (非法同居) ____ trial marriage (试婚)
pornographic movies (色情影片) ____ adult films; X-rated films; blue films
vagina or penis ____ private parts
3. Oxymoron
Oxymoron is a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms are combined to produce an epigrammic警句的 effect. (Longman Modern English Dictionary)
Oxymoron is a kind of paradox or antithesis that links together two sharply contrasting terms, as “cheerful pessimist”, “clever fool”, “eloquent silence”, “freezing fires”. (英语反义词的一种灵活运用)
1) adj. + n.
a. She is a clever fool.
b. Parting is such a sweet sorrow. 离别就是这样一种既甜蜜又忧伤的事。
c. I like a smuggler. He is the only honest thief. 我喜欢走私者，他是唯一诚实的贼。 d. he was puzzled at her cruel kindness.
e. I despise its very vastness and power. It has the poorest millionaires, the littlest great men, the haughtiest beggars, the plainest beauties, the lowest skyscapers, the doleullest pleasures of any town I ever saw. (O.
Henry)
这座城市（纽约）里有的是心灵最空虚的百万富翁，人格最渺小的伟人，最目空一切的草包，最使人上
眼的美女，最卑鄙龌龊的摩天大楼。
2) adj. + adj.
a. Those bitter-sweet memories can never be forgotten. 苦甜参半的往事
b. poor rich gugs 可怜的有钱人
c. a miserable, merry Christmas 又悲又喜的圣诞节
3) v-ing + adj.
a. a living death 半死不活 b. loving hate 爱中有恨
4) adv. + adj.
a. dully bright sky 阴沉暗淡的晴空 b. a mercifully fatal blow 仁慈为怀的致命打击
c. a wisely stupid idea 自作聪明的糊涂的人
5) v. + adv.
a. The moon shone darkly. 月亮暗淡地发光。 b. At last they hastened slowly. 最后他慢慢地快起来。
6) adv. + v-ing
a. deliciously aching 即令人愉快，又令人头疼 b. changlessly changing 即始终如一，又变化多端
7) n. + n.
a. They have a love-hate relationship. 他们的关系是爱中有恨，恨中有爱。 b. That‟s a life-death struggle. 那是一场生死的搏斗。
Study of the Figures of Speech Lesson Two: （1 period）
1. Irony
Irony is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. This form of irony is called verbal irony， and differs from the stylistic device of dramatic irony. It is an effective literary device because it gives the impression of great restraint [ris‟treint]（抑制）。
Irony springs from a perception or awareness of discrepancy（差异）and incongruity（不一致）betweenwords and their meaning, or between actions and their results, or between appearance and reality. In all cases there may be an element of the absurd and the paradoxical（反语的）。
In everyday life we often hear people using irony in their speech, though they may not be conscious of it. For instance, they may call a very thin boy “fatty”, or a very fat one “skinny”. Similarly we may hear people saying, “Oh, how I love queuing up” when in fact they hate it.
However, not all verbal irony is of this light and humorous type. More often it is used to veil feelings in a subtle way, using words of praise where condemnation is meant, and vice versa; such irony can be light or heavy, depending on the circumstances. Examples:
This hard-working boy seldom reads more than an hour per week.
Robbing a widow of her savings was certainly a noble act.
I fear I wrong the honorable men whose daggers have stabbed Caesar. (Shakespeare) You are as eloquent as an oyster.
“Generally speaking,”said Miss Murdstone. “I don‟t like boys. How d‟ye do, boy?” Under these encouraging circumstances, I replied that I was very well, and that I hoped she was the same, with such indifferent grace that Miss Murdstone disposed of
me in two words, — “wants manner!” (C.Dicken‟s David Copperfield)
(Here the word encouraging is used ironically, for the circumstances were not encouraging at all — they were, in fact, discouraging, for Miss Murdstone had said she didn‟t like boys.)
2. Sarcasm / Satire
While Innuendo is a mild form of irony, Sarcasm is just the opposite. It attacks in an taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage（毁谤），ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked.
Sarcasm 与Innuendo 含沙射影的温和语气不同，它常常使用尖刻的语句揭露与讽刺某人、某事或某些错误、愚蠢、丑恶等。讥讽是尖刻的，不友善的，常常是技巧的谈话或写作的方式。
Sarcasm 常出现在文娱节目或文学作品里，目的是激起人们对所讥讽的人、事的抗议和批评。许多著名作家都是运用Sarcasm的行家。
Examples:
Fool（傻瓜）
Fools had ne‟er less grace in a year,
For wise men are grown foolish,
And know not how their wits to wear,
Their manners are so apish. (ape-like) (Shakespeare: King Lear)
（这年头的傻瓜供过于求，）
（聪明人个个变了糊涂，）
（顶着个没有思想的头脑，）
（只会跟着人依样画葫芦。）（朱生豪译）
嘲讽了那种没有思想、亦步亦趋的傻瓜
Laws are like cobwebs（蜘蛛网）， which may catch small flies, but let wasps（黄蜂） and hornets（大黄蜂） break through.
Quite right. The laws are turnpikes, only made to stop people who walk on foot, and not to interrupt those who drive through them in their coaches.
太对了。法律是关卡，设立它只是阻拦步行者，并不是妨碍乘四轮大马车过关地达官显贵人。
“Mr. Bennet, how can you abuse your own chidren in such a way. You take delight in vexing me. You have no compassion on my poor nerves.”
“You mistake me, my dear. I have a high respect for your nerves. They are my old friends. I have heard you mention them with consideration these twenty years at least.” (J.Austin: Pride & Prejudice)
3. Anti-climax（渐降）
Anti-climax is a figure of speech in which successive words, phrases, clauses or sentences are arranged in
such a way that the content becomes less interesting or important as it proceeds. It is a
common literary
device used to achieve humor, surprise, satire and comic in effect.
具体地讲，就是按着由强到弱，又达到小，由远到近等格式排列语气成分，使语势递减，其目的
是为了制造讥讽或幽默的气氛。
Examples:
① He lost his empire, his family and his fountain pen. 他失出了帝国，失出了家庭，失出了钢笔。
② The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes. 战士的职责是保卫祖国和剥土豆皮。
③ Simon is a great statesman, a great warrior, a great poet, and a skilled performer on the harp.
西蒙是一个伟大的政治家，一个伟大的战士，一个伟大的诗人，一个老练的竖琴演奏者。
④ I love my motherland, I love my people, I love my wife and my son and daughter, I also love my pretty little dog.
我爱我的祖国, 我爱我的人民，我爱我的妻室儿女，我也爱我那可爱的小狗。 ⑤ She fears thunder and lightening, she fears dogs and cats, she fears moths and caterpillars.
他怕雷声和闪电，怕狗和猫，怕蛾和毛虫。
Anti-climax, as used in the text, states one‟s thoughts in a describing order of significance or intensity
from strong to weak, from weighty to light. It has achieved a humorous or surprised or even a sarcastic
effect when the mayor was introducing his city to his visitors, who were expecting his answer to have
something to do with the atom bomb, but who ironically heard “Oysters” in the end. 渐降在重要性和强烈程度上以一种降序排列的方式陈述。当市长向游客介绍他的城市时没有按人
们期待的介绍有关的原子弹的情况，反而说到“牡蛎”，这个渐降的使用取得了非常幽默、令人惊
奇甚至讽刺的效果。
4. Climax （层进）
Climax is a figure of speech in which phrases or sentences are arranged in ascending order of
importance.
结构上一系列词的并列，意义由轻到重，由弱到强，依次递进，使说话的感情渐趋强烈，最后达
到顶点的修辞方法，叫做层进。
英语的层进辞格常从语义上按下列方式排列：
A. 程度由浅到深，语气由轻到重。E.g.
① I was born an American; I live an American; I shall die an American.
我生来是一个美国人，我活着是一个美国人；我死时也还是一个美国人。
雷声 修辞篇五
《修辞》
雷声 修辞篇六
《修辞的全面讲解1》
雷声 修辞篇七
《高英修辞》
1.simile and metaphor 不同的两个事物，相似性
Simile 明喻 ：本体 喻体 比喻词(as,like,as if,as though…)
e.g. the girl is like as a flower.
1. no more than;not…any more than
2. of+n. heart of a lion
3. and love and cough can’t be hid.
metaphor 暗喻：没有比喻词
e.g. the girl is a flower.
2.metonymy and synecdoche
metonymy 转喻，换喻 （联想）
1. 象征代替事物的名称 crown-王权 ；chair-主席
2. 借资料工具代替事物的名称 fire,sword-war
3. 原因和结果互代 death-hook
4. 典型特征代替特征所有者 The blue suit scared at me.
5. 容器代替被盛的东西 pocket-money , kettle is boiling.
6. 某作品代替某作品，产地原料代制成品 He is crazy about HH
7. 感情称谓代替感情所施加的对象 she’s coming,my life,my fate. He is admiration of the whole school.
synecdoche 提喻
1. 以部分代替全体，全体代替部分。Beijing and Washington ,国家代替球队
2. 抽象-具体，具体-抽象 muscle-power
3. 某个人代替与其相类似的一类人 He is Lei Feng.-做好事的人。
3.语音
alliteration 头韵
e.g.You get bitter or better. Snowy,sleety and slushy 雪，冻，泥泞
onomatopoeia 拟声
Ouch 哎呀，boo 呸，aha ，moo 牛，coo 鸽子，meow 猪，bleat 羊，cluck 鸡，crack 爆裂，zip 子弹嗖嗖声，rumble 雷声
Hyperbole 夸张（有分寸） I beg a thousand pardon. Blood frozen.
Personification 拟人
e.g. the bird is singing. The sun is smiling to me.
Transferred epithet 移就，转类形容词 sleepless night-人
parallelism 平行 2个或者2个以上句式相同。
Antithesis 对偶
rhetorical question 修辞性疑问句 反问？
repetition 重复
climax and anticlimax 层进法 和 突降法
climax: e.g. sorry,I’m sorry.i’m terribly sorry.
Euphemism 委婉语 pass away
Irony 讽刺 Oxymoron 矛盾修饰法 对立放在一起
Zeugma 轭式修饰法
动词或者adj 支配2个或者2个以上，只有一个合乎逻辑 hankerchief Pun 双关 lie broad
Analogy 类比 A is to B what is C to d
雷声 修辞篇八
《修辞》
Unit 9
simile
Grandmother MacLeod, her delicately featured face as rigid as a cameo麦克里奥祖母那清秀的脸上此时显得像玉石雕像般的冷峻(Page194 Para12)
At night the lake was like black glass with a streak of amber which was the path of the moon.夜间的湖面看起来像一块黑色玻璃，只有一线水面因映照着月光才呈现出琥珀色 (Page198 Para39)
The jukebox was booming like tuneful thunder电唱机播放出雷声般的音乐 (Page199 Para48) Metaphor
Through the filigree of the spruce trees 透过一层云杉树叶织成的丝帘 (page195 Para17) It seemed to me „daughter of the forest,a kind of junior prophetess of the wilds 在我看来，皮格特一定可以算是森林的女儿，是蛮荒世界的小预言家。 (Page196 Para22)
I tried another line 我试着改用另一种策略(page197 Para30)
At night the lake was like black glass with a streak of amber which was the path of the moon. All around, the spruce trees grew tall and close-set, branches blackly sharp against the sky which was lightened by a cold flickering of stars. 夜间的湖面看起来像一块黑色玻璃，只有一线水面因映照着月光才呈现出琥珀色，湖的周围到处密密丛丛地生长着高大的云杉树，在寒光闪烁的星空映衬下，云杉树的枝桠呈现出清晰的黑色剪影。(page198 Para39)
Metonymy Imply the human civilization
Plaintive , and yet with a quality of chilling mockery, those voices belonged to a world separated by aeons from our neat world of summer cottages and the lighted lamps of home. (Page198 Para40)那种悲凉之中又带着冷嘲的声调属于另外一个遥远的世界，那世界与我们这个有着避暑别墅和居家灯火的美好世界相隔不下亿万年之遥。
Hyperbole
dresses that were always miles too long.长得极不合体 (Page193 Para3)
„those voices belonged to a world separated by aeons from our neat world .那种悲凉之中又带着冷嘲的声调属于另外一个遥远的世界，那世界与我们这个有着避暑别墅和居家灯火的美好世界相隔不下亿万年之遥 （page198 Para40）
Personification
A couple of months rest would give that bone a much better chance好好休养两个月会使她的骨病治愈的希望大大增加 (Page193 Para6)
The two grey squirrels were still there, gossiping„正朝着我们嘁嘁喳喳地乱叫 (Page195 Para17)
The water was always icy, for the lake was fed by springs钻石湖的水源自山泉，因此湖水总是冰凉的 (Page196 Para23)
Transferred epithet
I was ashamed, ashamed of my own timidity, the frightened tendency to look the other way.我很
惭愧，为自己的怯懦和知难而退的性格而感到惭愧。 (page201 Para58)
She’d put on an awful lot of weight, and she looked a mess.(Page202 Para69)她发胖了许多，看上去乱七八糟的
My brother„ meticulously turning it round and round in his small and curious hands.(page195 Para17)
Her defiant face, momentarily, became unguarded and unmasked, and in her eyes there was a terrifying hope.她那揭下面具和保护罩的脸上露出的是一副坚强不屈、敢于挑战一切的神色，她的眼神里也透出一种强烈得令人害怕的渴望 (Page201 Para60)
Alliteration
She had not been pretty as a child, and she was not pretty now, for her features were still heavy and blunt. But her dark and slightly slanted eyes were beautiful, and her skin-tight skirt and orange sweater displayed to enviable advantage a soft and slender body.小时候她长得就不漂亮，现在也还一样，她的五官粗糙、呆板。但是，她那双乌黑、稍稍斜视的眼睛却是美丽的。而且，一条紧身裙和一件桔黄色毛衣将她那柔软、苗条的身材衬托得恰到好处，令人羡慕。 Analogy
I did not know what had happened to the birds. Perhaps they had gone away to some far place of belonging. Perhaps they had been unable to find such a place, and had simply died out, having ceased to care any longer whether they lived or not.我不知道那些鸟儿究竟遭到了何种命运。也许它们去一个遥远的地方找到了栖身之地，也许它们找不到这样的地方，于是把生死也不再放在心上，就这样自生自灭了。
Unit 6
Metaphor
„ sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, „ preempt the airways from California.
So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious, that shut out the world.
New York was never Mecca to me.
Alliteration
„ sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, „ preempt the airways from California. Metonymy
New York was never Mecca to me.
Tin Pan Alley has moved to Nashville and Hollywood.
Personification
Nature constantly yields to man in New York: witness those fragile sidewalk trees gamely struggling against encroaching cement and petrol fumes.
Characteristically, the city swallows up the United Nations and refuses to take it seriously, regarding it as an unworkable mixture of the idealistic, the impractical, and the hypocritical.
Transferred epithet
The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.
Simile
So does an attitude which sees the public only in terms of large, malleable numbers — as impersonally as does the clattering subway turnstile beneath the office towers.
Men and women do their jobs professionally, and, like the pilots who from great heights bombed Hanoi, seem unmarked by it.
Irony
So what else is new?
Synecdoche
So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious, that shut out the world.
Euphemism
the defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of town.
Unit 3
Parallelism & antithesis
(symbolizing„signifying„
(Para 1-P43)
Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe (alliteration) alike, that the torch (metaphor)
Consonance(尾韵）
well or ill,
He laughs best who laughs last.
East or west, home’s the best.
antithesis
United we can do everything.
Divided we can do nothing.
--- the importance of unity
Metaphor
Riding the back of the tiger ended up inside
Compare “seeking the aid of socialist countries” to “riding he back of a tiger”
prey -- metaphor
Line 50-Para 9
comparing “peaceful revolution” to an animal which might fall victim to enemy nations.
We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.
Metaphor
And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.
„we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum of invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak„(para 10)
And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion„(para 19)
The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. ( Para 24)
Antithesis
1． United，there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures．Divided，there is little we can do．for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder．
2．If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich．
3．Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us．
4 And so，my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you；ask what you can do for your country．
Unit 2
rhetorical question
Are they really the same flesh as your self?
Do they even have names?
Or are they merely a kind of undifferentiated brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects?
transferred epithet
there was a frenzied rush of Jews (the Jews were in a frenzy)
Synecdoche
a white skin is always fairly conspicuous ( a person with white skin)
Simile
sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies
Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls
雷声 修辞篇九
《修辞201101》