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过华清池绝句篇一
《《过华清宫绝句》》
8.《过华清宫绝句》 杜牧
长安回望绣成堆,山顶千门次第开。 一骑红尘妃子笑,无人知是荔枝来。
【注释】1、华清宫:故址在今陕西临潼县骊山,是唐明皇与杨贵妃游乐之地。 2、绣成堆:指花草林木和建筑物像一堆堆锦绣。 3、次第:按顺序。 4、一骑:指一人一马。
5、妃子:指贵妃杨玉环。
【译文】从长安回望骊山,只见林木、花卉、建筑,宛如一堆锦绣,山顶上一道道宫门逐层地开着。驿马奔驰神速,看不清所载何物,惟有杨贵妃在山上远望,知道是最心爱的荔枝被运来,欣然而笑。
【赏析】这首诗选取为贵妃飞骑送荔枝这一件事,形象地揭露了统治者为满足一己口腹之欲,竟不惜兴师动众,劳民伤财,有力地鞭挞了唐玄宗与杨贵妃的骄奢淫侈。诗歌前两句为背景铺垫,后两句推出描写的主体,提示诗歌主旨。“一骑红尘”和“妃子笑”两个具体形象的并列推出,启人思索,留有悬念。“无人知”虽三字,却发人深省,耐人寻味。
9.《山居秋暝》唐 王维
空山新雨后,天气晚来秋。明月松间照,清泉石上流。
竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟。随意春芳歇,王孙自可留。
【注释】1.暝:夜,晚。此指傍晚。2.随意:任凭。3.浣女:洗衣服的姑娘。4.春芳歇:春天的芳华凋谢了。歇:消散。5.王孙:原指贵族子弟,后来也泛指隐居的人,此处指诗人自己。
【译文】:一阵新雨过后,青山翠谷越发显得静幽,夜幕降临,凉风习习,更令人感到秋意浓厚。明亮的月光照映着松林,泉水从石上潺潺流过。竹林中传来阵阵欢声笑语,原来是洗衣少女们归来,莲叶浮动,那是顺流而下的渔舟。尽管那春天的芬芳早已逝去,我陶醉在这美妙的秋色中,依然向往长留。
【赏析】这首山水名篇,于诗情画意之中寄托着诗人高洁的情怀和对理想境界的追求。诗的中间两联同是写景,而各有侧重。颔联侧重写物,以物芳而明志洁;颈联侧重写人,以人和而望政通。同时,二者又互为补充,泉水、青松、翠竹、青莲,可以说都是诗人高尚情操的写照,都是诗人理想境界的环境烘托。
10.李白《登金陵凤凰台》
凤凰台上凤凰游,凤去台空江自流。 吴宫花草埋幽径,晋代衣冠成古丘。 三山半落青天外,二水中分白鹭洲。 总为浮云能蔽日,长安不见使人愁。
【注释】 1吴宫:三国时吴国的宫殿。2晋代:东晋亦建都于金陵。3衣冠:指豪门贵族。4丘:坟墓。5 三山,山名,在南京市西南长江边,因三峰并列、南北相连而得名。6半落:形容三山有一半被云遮住。7 二水:又做一水。二水说认为“白鹭洲为长江中小洲,在金陵水西门外,因常有白鹭聚歇得名。秦淮河经金陵,西入长江,因自鹭洲中分为二”;一水说认为“指秦淮河流经南京后,西入长江,被横截其间的白鹭洲分为一支"。赵昌平的《唐诗三百首全解》和陶今雁的《唐诗三百首详注(2009年第六版)》均作“二水中分白鹭洲”。8白鹭洲:古代长江中的沙洲,在今南京市水西门外。洲上多集白鹭,故名。今已与陆地相连。9 浮云能蔽日:比喻奸臣遮拦贤臣。浮云,陆贾《新语·慎微篇》:"邪臣之蔽贤,犹浮云之
障日月也。" 10金陵,今天的江苏省南京市,金陵为南京古称,是江苏省省辖市,简称宁,是江苏省省会。11晋代衣冠,吴宫花草和南京被称为“六朝古都”,“十朝都会”。
【译文】古老的凤凰台曾有凤凰翔集遨游,凤去台空唯有长江流水日日依旧。
东吴时代的宫苑杂草埋没了幽径,晋代的名门望族也都成古墓荒丘。
高耸的三山有半截露出青天之外,白鹭洲把秦淮河分割成一派支流。
只因为浮云能够遮蔽光辉的白日,登高不见长安城怎么不使人发愁?
【赏析】该诗虽属咏怀古迹,然而字里行间隐寓着伤时的感慨。开头两句写凤凰台的传说,点明了凤去台空,六朝繁华,一去不返。三、四句就“凤凰台”进一步发挥,东吴、东晋的一代风流也进入坟墓,灰飞烟灭。五、六句写大自然的壮美。对仗工整,气象万千。最后两句,面向唐都长安现实,暗示皇帝被奸邪包围,自身报国无门,十分沉痛。 该诗与崔颢《登黄鹤楼》相较,可谓“工力悉敌”。其中二联,虽是感事写景,意义比之崔诗中二联深刻得多。结句寄寓爱君之忱,抒发忧国伤时的怀抱,意旨尤为深远。但李白的诗就气魄而言,却远不及崔颢的诗宏伟。
过华清池绝句篇二
《过华清宫绝句》
过华清池绝句篇三
《过华清宫绝句》
《过华清宫绝句》教案
肖应勇
教学目标:1.了解作者的生平和创作。
2.把握本诗的思想感情。
3.把握本诗的写作特点。
教学重点:通过理解诗句对诗人的情感进行把握。
教学难点:对本诗中讽刺手法的把握。
教学过程:
一、作者简介:
杜牧,字牧之,京兆万年(今陕西西安)人,与李商隐齐名,人称“小李杜”,另称杜樊川,有《樊川诗集》。其诗以七言律绝见长,俊爽圆淳,风流华美,气势豪宕而情韵缠绵,并常能寓讽喻、感慨于景物描写之中。其咏史诗成就颇高,其中多有诗人深沉的历史感慨。
二、背景简介:
华清宫在长安东二十五公里临潼县城南骊山下,长生殿就在此宫内,唐玄宗和杨贵妃曾在这里寻欢作乐。安史之乱后,华清宫遭到了破坏,多年过后,杜牧经过这里时,早已冷落残败。面对断壁残垣,诗人回忆史事,感慨万千,写下了这首七绝。
三、诗歌解读:
起句写华清宫所处的骊山秀丽景色。“绣成堆”既指骊山两旁的东绣岭和西绣岭,又暗含赞美骊山景色美不胜收之意,有双关意味。长安离临潼已远,事实上是看不到此二岭的,所以此句应为想象之词。
次句写华清宫的景象。用特写镜头:平时紧闭的宫门一道道开启,给人感觉似有军国要事发生了。“次第开”,可见使者被重视,也说明唐玄宗与杨贵妃对私人享受生活的重视。
最后两句一气呵成,答案出来,原来只是杨贵妃要吃的荔枝紧急送到了。帝王贵妃们的骄奢淫逸,平民百姓哪里会知道啊!诗人感慨中含深深的嘲讽。
四、中心思想:
本诗借咏杨贵妃吃荔枝之事,寄寓自己对历史兴亡的感慨。
五、写作特点:
1.以小见大,寓意深刻。
2.运用讽刺,表意含蓄。
过华清池绝句篇四
《过华清宫绝句--杜牧》
过华清宫绝句
原文
长安回望绣成堆,山顶千门次第开。
一骑红尘妃子笑,无人知是荔枝来。
赏析
这首诗选取为贵妃飞骑送荔枝这一件事,形象地揭露了统治者为满足一己口腹之欲,竟不惜兴师动众,劳民伤财,有力地鞭挞了唐玄宗与杨贵妃的骄奢淫侈。诗歌前两句为背景铺垫,后两句推出描写的主体,提示诗歌主旨。“一骑红尘”和“妃子笑”两个具体形象的并列推出,启人思索,留有悬念。“无人知”虽三字,却发人深省,耐人寻味。
这首咏史诗是杜牧路经华清宫抵达长安时,有感于唐玄宗、杨贵妃荒淫误国而作的。华清宫曾是唐玄宗与杨贵妃的游乐之所,据《新唐书·杨贵妃传》记载:“妃嗜荔枝,必欲生致之,乃臵骑传送,走数千里,味未变,已至京师”,因此,许多差官累死、驿马倒毙于四川至长安的路上。《过华清宫绝句》截取了这一历史事实,抨击了封建统治者的骄奢淫逸和昏庸无道,以史讽今,警戒世君。
“长安回望绣成堆”,叙写诗人在长安回首南望华清宫时所见的景色,“回望”二字既是实写,又启下。诗人在京城眺望骊山,佳木葱茏,花繁叶茂,无数层叠有致、富丽堂皇的建筑掩映其间,宛如一
堆锦绣。蓦地升腾起一种回顾历史、反省历史的责任感,由景而发历史之感慨。正是“山顶千门次第开”以下三句,承上而来,是回顾历史。骊山“山顶千门”洞开写出唐玄宗、杨贵妃当年生活的奢华,并给读者设下疑窦:“山顶千门”为何要“次第”大开?末两句“一骑红尘妃子笑,无人知是荔枝来”是答案。原来这都是杨贵妃使然。当她看见“一骑红尘”奔驰而至,知是供口腹享受的荔枝到了,故欣然而“笑”。
而其他人却以为这是来传送紧急公文,谁想到马上所载的是来自涪洲的鲜荔枝呢!诗的结句既是全诗的点睛之笔,揭示“安史之乱”的祸根。
咏叹天宝轶事,旨在警醒后来的君主,不要因贪图享乐而延误国事。但是,诗人既未写“安史”乱起、玄宗仓惶出逃、马嵬坡演出悲剧的惨状,也没有罗列玄宗游乐疏政、骄奢淫逸的生活现象,而是把千里送荔枝博取贵妃一笑这样一件“小事”突现出来。
于细微处发现历史问题。“一骑红尘妃子笑”,把骑马飞奔,千辛万苦赶送鲜荔枝的差官,同贵妃嫣然一笑进行了绝妙的对比,把如此严肃的历史主题在一个“笑”字中形象表现出来,具有高度的概括性和典型性。
《过华清宫》其一:长安回望绣成堆,山顶千门次第开。一骑红尘妃子笑,无人知是荔枝来。与以上两首不同的是,这首诗另翻新意地选取“荔枝”这一特殊物象将贵妃的恃宠而骄,皇帝为讨宠妃欢心
无所不为的荒唐和驿骑会汗淋漓,苦不堪言衔接成一幅画面。全诗通过以小见大的独特视角,选择“一骑红尘”与“妃子笑”之间的戏剧性冲突烘托全诗的中心主题,构思、布局之妙,令人叹服。当然还有很多其他写法特别之处需要我们慢慢品味。
如果只是读前三句“长安回望绣成堆,山顶千门次第开,一骑红尘妃子笑”,不读最后一句,恐怕我们读者会产生很多悬念。其一,我们压根儿不知道为什么要从长安回望骊山;,再者,我们不明白“山顶千门”为什么要一重接一重地打开;还有,我们恐怕更不知道“一骑红尘”是干什么的、“妃子”又为什么要 “笑”„„诗歌有卒章显志的写法,所以当我们读完最后一句“无人知是荔枝来”,便会恍然领悟:原来,卷风扬土,“一骑”急驰,华清宫千门,从山下到山顶一重重为他敞开,只是为了把新鲜的荔枝尽快送到杨贵妃嘴里。但是这确实是我们“无人知”的,一个否定句,既解了悬念,又画龙点睛,蕴含深广。
读完首句,皇帝在当时的京城—长安,日理万机,而妃子自应留在京城,因而飞送荔枝者直奔长安,而皇帝、贵妃却在骊山行乐!这就出现了“长安回望绣成堆”的镜头。次句承 “绣成堆” 写骊山华清宫的建筑群。这时候, “一骑”已近骊山,望见“山顶千门次第开”;山上人也早已望见“红尘”飞扬,“一骑”将到,因而听到皇帝谕令将“山顶千门”次第打开。紧接着,便出现了“一骑红尘妃子笑”的戏剧性场景。一方面,是以卷起“红尘”的没日没夜奔驰,送来荔枝的“一骑”,挥汗如雨,苦不堪言;另一方面,则是得到新鲜
荔枝的贵妃,嫣然一笑,乐不可支。两相对比映衬,蕴含着对骄奢淫逸生活的无言谴责,虽是无言的谴责恐怕胜过千言万语。前三句诗并未提到荔枝,如果象前面分析的那样句句讲荔枝,就会太平淡很多。
这正如吴乔《围炉诗话》说:“诗贵有含蓄不尽之意,尤以不著意见声色故事议论者为最上。”杜牧这首诗的艺术魅力就在于含蓄、精深,诗不明白说出玄宗的荒淫好色,贵妃的恃宠而骄,而形象地用“一骑红尘”与“妃子笑”构成鲜明的对比,就收到了比直抒己见强烈得多的艺术效果。“妃子笑”三字颇有深意。不由使人想到春秋时周幽王为博褒姒一笑“烽火戏诸侯” 而最终导致国破身亡典故。“无人知”三字也发人深思。其实“荔枝来”并非绝无人知,至少“妃子”知,“一骑”知,还有一个诗中没有点出的皇帝更是知道的。这样写,意在说明此事重大紧急,外人无由也没有机会得知,这就不仅揭露了皇帝为讨宠妃欢心无所不为的荒唐,也与前面渲染的不寻常的气氛相呼应。全诗不用难字,不使典故,不事雕琢,朴素自然,寓意精深,含蓄蕴藉。
过华清池绝句篇五
《过华清宫绝句三首》
过华清池绝句篇六
《华清池》
华清池位于西安市临潼区骊山北麓,是我国最古老的皇家园林之一。华清池,给人的感觉是清净明秀、古朴雅致。飞霜殿、宜春殿、龙吟榭、龙石舫、九曲回廊等十多座古式建筑雕梁画栋、金碧辉煌、环湖而列、错落有致。石牛、石狮、石象及自然碑石点缀其间、相映成趣。宫殿楼阁与山水风光融为一体,景色宜人,庭深廊回,亭阁错落,池水碧波粼粼,垂柳依依,一抹烟波雾气让人顿感心旷神怡,仿佛置身天上人间。“不尽温柔汤泉水,千古风流华清宫”。作为著名的景点,华清池的历史非常悠久,尤其是倍受历代帝王垂青。相传三千年前周幽王曾在此修建骊宫,曾上演过烽火戏诸侯的历史闹剧。周幽王,一个非常残暴而腐败的君主,他有个爱妃名叫褒姒,长得非常美丽,《东周列国志》中有这样一段话来形容褒姒:“目秀眉清,唇红齿白,发挽乌云,指排削玉,有如花如月之容,倾国倾城之貌。”褒妃虽然很美,但是“从未开颜一笑”。为此,周幽王对大臣们说:“谁要能叫娘娘一笑,就赏他一千斤金子。“于是有人想出了一个点起烽火戏诸侯的办法,想换取娘娘一笑。一天傍晚,周幽王带着爱妃褒姒登上城楼,命令四下点起烽火。诸侯们看到烽火,以为西戎来犯,便领兵赶救驾,但见灯火辉煌,鼓乐喧天。一打听才知是周幽王为了取乐于娘娘而干的荒唐事儿。诸侯们敢怒不敢言,只好气愤地收兵回营。褒姒见状,果然淡然一笑。但事隔不久,西戎果真来犯,虽然点起了烽火,却无援兵赶到。原来各诸侯以为周幽王又是故伎重演。结果都城被西戎攻下,周幽王也被杀死,从此西周灭亡了。
秦始皇时,在此以石筑室砌池,取名“骊山汤”。汉武帝时扩建为离宫。到了唐代又数次增建,名曰汤泉宫,后改名温泉宫。到了唐玄宗时又大兴土木,治汤井为池,环山列宫殿,此时才称华清宫。因宫在温泉上面,所以也称华清池。“安史之乱”时,华清池的大部分建筑都毁于兵火,以后历代均进行过整修。解放后,依照唐代形制几经扩建,始具现今规模,游客可以尽情在温泉水中沐浴。1959年,郭沫若先生游览华清池后感慨万千,挥笔写下“华清池水色清苍,此日规模越盛唐。不仅宫池依旧制,而今庶民尽天王”的诗句,恰如其分地概括了华清池的风貌与发展。1982年,华清池被列入全国重点风景名胜区。1996年,国务院公布华清宫遗址为第四批全国重点文物保护单位。2000年,华清池跻身全国首批AAAA景区之列。
唐代华清池是帝王妃嫔游宴的行宫,每年十月到此,年终返回。白居易在不朽诗篇《长恨歌》中曾形容帝妃们在华清池取乐的情景道:“骊宫高处入青云, 仙乐风飘处处闻。”据记载,唐玄宗从开元二年(714年)到天宝十四年(755年)的41年时间里,先后来此36次之多。1982年4月,人们在基建施工时偶然发现了唐华清宫御汤建筑遗址。经考古专家发掘清理,在4200平方米面积内发现了5个汤池遗址,并确认它们分别是历史上记载的星辰汤、莲花汤、海棠汤、太子汤和尚食汤。“星辰汤”传说原址上面及四周无遮物,沐浴时可见天上星辰,故得名;“尚食汤”是供大臣们沐浴之处;“莲花汤”池形如石莲花,供皇帝沐浴;“海棠汤”池形如海棠,供贵妃享用,相传杨贵妃在此沐浴了近十个春秋。关于杨贵妃沐浴,白居易的《长恨歌》曾写道:“春寒赐浴华清池,温泉水滑洗凝脂”。 “长安回望绣成堆,山顶千门次第开,一骑红尘妃子笑,无人知是荔枝来。”则是唐代著名诗人杜牧在《过华清宫绝句》中对当时华清宫盛况的绝佳描述。在这些遗址上建成的唐华清宫御汤博物馆于1990年10月正式开放。华清池现有4个泉眼,浴池面积约有3000平方米,可供400余人同时沐浴。温泉水每小时流量112吨,水温达43度,泉水含有石灰、碳酸钠和硫酸钠等多种矿物质,适于沐浴疗养,对皮肤病、风湿病、关节炎、肌肉痛等多种疾病有一定的疗效。它是一座国内罕见的大型温泉池,有 “天下温泉二千六,惟有华清为第一”之说。
华清池大门上方有郭沫若书写的“华清池”匾额。进了大门就见两株高大的雪松昂然挺立,两座宫殿式建筑的浴池左右对称。往后是新浴池,由新浴池往右行,穿过龙墙便是九龙湖,湖面平如明镜,亭台倒影,垂柳拂岸。湖东岸是宜春殿,北岸是以飞霜殿为主体的建筑群,沉香殿和宜春殿东西相对,西岸是九曲回廊。由北向南过龙石舫,再经晨旭亭、九龙桥、晚霞亭,便到了仿唐“贵妃池”建筑群。出了贵妃池向前行便进望湖楼,先见荷花池然后经飞霞阁,传说此阁是贵妃浴后观景及晾发之处。接着来到五间亭,震惊中外的西安事变发生时蒋介石曾在此居住过。后面骊山的半腰间虎斑石处建有一座“兵谏亭”,兵谏亭匾额是用贵重的蓝田玉制成。走出望湖楼,向右可沿着一条砖砌的台阶上行,直登苍翠葱绿、美如锦绣的骊山游览。
Huaqing Hot Spring
Located at the north foot of Lishan Mountain in Lintong District of Xi’an City, Huaqing Hot Spring is one of the oldest royal gardens. Visitors are impressed with its luster, beauty, elegance and primitive simplicity. One dozen splendid ancient buildings with beams and pillars carved or painted, such as Frost-drifting Hall, Spring Hall, Dragon-chanting Pavilion, Stone Dragon Boat, Nine-bend Cloister, etc. are randomly ranked around the lake. Stone cattle, lions, elephants and natural steles and rocks are scattered among them. The palaces, halls and pavilions are in harmony with the landscape. Courts, corridors, pavilions and towers, are in harmonious disorder. Emerald water in the pool rippled by a light breeze and willows waving in the gentle wind provide a refreshing view. Visitors are so enchanted in the misty air here that they feel as if in a fairyland. As a poem goes, “Endless gentle spring water flows, perpetual romances Huaqing Palace retains.”
As a famous tourist spot, Huaqing Hot Spring has a very long history and attracted great attention of emperors of the past dynasties. It is said that King You of the Kingdom of Zhou had Li Palace built here 3000 years ago and this place witnessed the historic farce in which the king tricked the vassals by setting off the war beacons to coax a smile from his favored concubine. King You, a very atrocious and corrupt monarch, had a beautiful concubine named Bao Si. A paragraph in The Annals of All Kingdoms in East Zhou Dynasty describes her beauty as follows. “Her features are so finely chiseled, and her cherry lips, ivory teeth, lustrously dark hair and slender fingers all contribute to her unmatched beauty that outshines the moon and flowers. Beautiful as she was, she had never given a hearty smile. So, King You said to his ministers, “Anyone who can make her smile would get 500 kilos of gold.” Finally, someone came up with the idea of tricking the vassals by setting off a fire at the beacon tower. One evening, King You ascended the city gate tower with his beloved concubine, Bao Si and ordered to light the war beacons all around. When the vassals saw the flame, they thought Xirong (a northern minority) invaders were coming to attack the kingdom and rushed there to save the king. When they arrived, they saw nothing but a scene of debauchery and heard loud music. Later, when they got to know that the ridiculous action was taken by King You merely to please his concubine, all the vassals were in a rage but dared say nothing and drew back to their barracks. When Bao Si saw this, she couldn’t help smiling indifferently. But not long afterwards, Xirong invaders really arrived. Although war beacons were lighted, no help arrived because all the vassals thought it was King You’s same old trick. Finally, the capital city of Zhou was besieged by Xirong nationality and the king himself was killed. Thus Western Zhou came to an end.
In the reign of Emperor Shihuang of Qin Dynasty, stones were laid to build chambers and pools here and this place was named “Hot Spring of Lishan Mountain”. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, this place was expanded as a resort palace. During the Tang Dynasty, it was enlarged several times with its name changed from Hot Well Palace to Hot Spring Palace. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang dynasty, large-scale construction resumed. The hot spring well was enlarged into a pool and palaces were constructed at the foot of the mountain. With the completion of this project, the place was called Huaqing Palace.The palace was built at the site of a hot spring, hence the name Huaqing Hot Spring. During the Rebellion Led by An Lushan and Shi Shimin, most of the buildings at Huaqing Hot Spring were destroyed during the war. But later, they were restored and renovated in consecutive dynasties. After Liberation (1949), the site was expanded several times after the Tang style and finally reached its present scale. Visitors can now bathe in the hot spring water to their hearts’ content. In 1959, Guo Moruo (a famous Chinese writer) was so touched after visiting Huaqing Hot Spring that he wrote the following verse succinctly describing the views and development of Huaqing Hot Spring:
Limpid is the water of Huaqing Hot Spring, Its present scale puts the Tang prosperity to shame. The style of the palaces and pools remains the same, Commons now enjoy the pleasure of former kings. In 1982, Huaqing Hot Spring was ranked a key national scenic spot. In 1996, the State Council declared the site of Huaqing Palace the fourth group of important cultural relics under state protection. In 2000, Huaqing Hot Spring stepped up to the first group of national AAAA tourist spots.
During the Tang dynasty, Huaqing Hot Spring was the Xanadu for the emperors and their concubines. They came here in October every year and stayed there till the end of the year. Once Bai Juyi (a famous poet) described in his immortal poem Song of Everlasting Sorrow how the emperors and their concubines enjoyed themselves at Huaqing Hot Spring:
Li Palace tips into the blue clouds,
Celestial music spreads here and there by winds.
According to the annals, Tang Xuanzong visited this place as many as 36 times during the 41 years from 714 BC to 755 BC. In April 1982, the ruin of the imperial bath house of Huaqing Palace of the Tang Empire was accidentally discovered by workers while digging foundations for a building. After archeologists’ excavation, ruins of five pools were discovered in 4200 square meters which were identified as the Star Pool, the Lotus Pool, the Crabapple Pool, the Crown Prince Pool and the Shangshi Pool, all of which are recorded in history. Originally, in the Star Pool, one could see stars while bathing, for there was no cover above or around, hence its name. Shangshi Pool was the bath house for the ministers. The Lotus Flower Pool, shaped like a lotus flower, was the emperor’s bathing place. Finally, the Crabapple Pool, which was in the shape of a crabapple flower, was the exclusive use of Lady Yang, Emperor Xuanzong’s favorite concubine. It is said that Lady Yang had bathed here for ten years, as was written about by Bai Juyi in his poem: In cold spring she was favored with a bath at Huaqing Hot Spring, where with slippery spring water she washed her creamy skin. The prosperity of Huaqing Palace was described by Du Mu, a celebrated Tang poet, in his Passing by Huaqing Hot Spring
The Museum of Imperial Huaqing Palace Pools in the Tang Dynasty, built on these ruins, was opened to the public in October 1990. At this spa there are four hot springs. The bathing area covers approximately 3000 square meters and can accommodate more than 400 people at the same time. They have a flow of 112 tons of hot spring water an hour and a constant temperature of 43 Celsius degrees. The spring water contains lime, sodium carbonate, sodium sulphate and many other minerals, therapeutic for quite a number of diseases such as dermatosis, rheumatic arthritis and muscle pain. It is a large-scale hot spring rare in China. A saying goes that of all the 2600 hot springs on earth, Huaqing Hot Spring ranks the best.
Above the gate of Huaqing Hot Spring, there hangs a horizontal board with the words—Huaqing Hot Spring, written by Guo Moruo. Entering the gate, one catches sight of two tall cedars that stand majestically, with two palace-style bath houses laid out in symmetry on both sides. The new bathing pools are located further back. On the right side of the new pools is Nine-dragon Lake behind the Dragon Wall. The surface of the lake, even as a mirror, reflects the pavilions around the lake, where weeping willows stroke the shore with their drooping branches. On the east shore of the lake is Delightful Spring Palace, with Deep Aromatic Palace on its opposite side On the north shore are structures with the Frost-drifting Palace as the main edifice. On the west shore rests the Nine-bend Corridor. From the north to the south, one passes the Marble Dragon Boat, Morning Glow Pavilion, Nine-dragon Bridge, Sunset Pavilion, and finally, the reproduced Tang-style architectural complexes of Lady Yang Pool. Walking further, one comes to the Lake-watching Tower where one can see the Lotus Pool. Then one walks through Swift Glow-clouds Pavilion, which is said to have been the place where Lady Yang enjoyed the scenery and dried her hair after bathing. Next comes the Five-Room Pavilion, which witnessed the famous Xi’an Incident, and in which Chiang Kaishek stayed. Walking out of the Lake-watching Tower on the right, one can step up a brick-paved path to the beautiful shadowy Lishan Moutain for sightseeing. Halfway up Lishan Mountain, Armed Exhortation Pavilion was erected at Tiger Spot Rock, Chiang’s hiding place in the Xi’an Incident. The plague engraved with the name of the pavilion on its top is made of precious Lantian jade.
过华清池绝句篇七
《绝句三首_塞下曲__从军行_过华清宫》
过华清池绝句篇八
《过华清宫》
过华清宫
三
万国笙歌醉太平,倚天楼殿月分明。
云中乱拍禄山舞,风过重峦下笑声。
注释
1、华清宫:故址在今陕西临潼县骊山,是唐明皇与杨贵妃游乐之地。 2、绣成堆:指花草林木和建筑物像一堆堆锦绣。 3、次第:按顺序。 4、一骑:指一人一马。
5、妃子:指贵妃杨玉环。
6、探使:帝曾使探试探安禄山反否,使受安金,言不反。
7、乱拍:安禄山肥,但能在玄宗前作《胡旋舞》,疾如风,宫人拍节乱。
译文
从长安回望骊山,只见林木、花卉、建筑,宛如一堆锦绣,山顶上一道道宫门逐层地开着。驿马奔驰神速,看不清所载何物,惟有杨贵妃在山上远望,知道是最心爱的荔枝被运来,欣然而笑。
作者
杜牧
杜牧,字牧之,晚唐著名诗人,京兆万年(今陕西西安)人。宰相杜佑之孙,祖居长安南郊樊川,因称杜樊川。工诗、赋、古文。诗学杜甫而有独创,骨气豪宕,风神俊朗,尤擅七律七绝,为晚唐大家。也擅长创作咏史绝句。《过华清宫》便是他脍炙人口的代表作之一。(《过华清宫》同题作品共有三首,这是其中的第一首。)与同时代的李商隐齐名,并称为“小李杜”。有《樊川文集》,《全唐诗》存诗八卷。
品评
首句“长安回望”四字极为重要。长安是当时的国都,明皇应在京城日理万机,妃子自应留在京城,因而飞送荔枝者直奔长安,而皇帝、贵妃却在骊山行乐!这就出现了“长安回望绣成堆”的镜头。唐明皇时,骊山遍植花木如绵绣,故称绣岭。用“绣成堆”写“一骑”遥望中的骊山总貌,很传神。次句承 “绣成堆” 写骊山华清宫的建筑群。这时候,“一骑”已近骊山,望见“山顶千门次第开”;山上人也早已望见“红尘”飞扬,“一骑”将到,因而将“山顶千门”次第打开。紧接着,便出现了“一骑红尘妃子笑”的戏剧性场景。一方面,是以卷起“红尘”的高速日夜奔驰,送来荔枝的“一骑”,挥汗如雨,苦不堪言;另一方面,则是得到新鲜荔枝的贵妃,嫣然一笑,乐不可支。两相对照,蕴含着对骄奢淫逸生活的无言谴责。前三句诗根本不提荔枝,压根儿不知道为什么要从长安回望骊山,不知道“山顶千门”为什么要一重接一重地打开,更不知道“一骑红尘”是干什么的、“妃子”为什么要“笑”,给读者留下一连串悬念。最后一句,应该是解释悬念了,可又出人意料地用了一个否定句:“无人知是荔枝来。”的确,卷风扬尘,“一骑”急驰华清宫千门,从山下到山顶一重重为他敞开,谁都会认为那是飞送关于军国大事的紧急情报,怎能设想那是为贵妃送荔枝!“无人知”三字画龙点睛,蕴含深广,把全诗的思想境界提升到惊人的高度。
周幽王的烽火台也在骊山顶上。作者让杨贵妃在骊山“山顶”望见“一骑红尘”,并且特意用“妃子笑”三字,是有意使读者产生联想,想起“褒妃一笑倾周”的历史教训的。
此诗以“一骑红尘”与“妃子笑”之间的戏剧性冲突为中心组织全诗,构思、布局之妙,令人叹服。
赏析
这首诗选取为贵妃飞骑送荔枝这一件事,形象地揭露了统治者为满足一己口腹之欲,竟不惜兴师动众,劳民伤财,有力地鞭挞了唐玄宗与杨贵妃的骄奢淫侈。诗歌前两句为背景铺垫,后两句推出描写的主体,提示诗歌主旨。“一骑红尘”和“妃子笑”两个具体形象的并列推出,启人思索,留有悬念。“无人知”虽三字,却发人深省,耐人寻味。
这首咏史诗是杜牧路经华清宫抵达长安时,有感于唐玄宗、杨贵妃荒淫误国而作的。华清宫曾是唐玄宗与杨贵妃的游乐之所,据《新唐书·杨贵妃传》记载:“妃嗜荔枝,必欲生致之,乃置骑传送,走数千里,味未变,已至京师”,因此,许多差官累死、驿马倒毙于四川至长安的路上。《过华清宫绝句》截取了这一历史事实,抨击了封建统治者的骄奢淫逸和昏庸无道,以史讽今,警戒世君。
“长安回望绣成堆”,叙写诗人在长安回首南望华清宫时所见的景色,“回望”二字既是实写,又启下。诗人在京城眺望骊山,佳木葱茏,花繁叶茂,无数层叠有致、富丽堂皇的建筑掩映其间,宛如一堆锦绣。蓦地升腾起一种回顾历史、反省历史的责任感,由景而发历史之感慨。正是“山顶千门次第开”以下三句,承上而来,是回顾历史。骊山“山顶千门”洞开写出唐玄宗、杨贵妃当年生活的奢华,并给读者设下疑窦:“山顶千门”为何要“次第”大开?末两句“一骑红尘妃子笑,无人知是荔枝来”是答案。原来这都是杨贵妃使然。当她看见“一骑红尘”奔驰而至,知是供口腹享受的荔枝到了,故欣然而“笑”。
而其他人却以为这是来传送紧急公文,谁想到马上所载的是来自涪洲的鲜荔枝呢!诗的结句既是全诗的点睛之笔,揭示“安史之乱”的祸根。 咏叹天宝轶事,旨在警醒后来的君主,不要因贪图享乐而延误国事。但是,诗人既未写“安史”乱起、玄宗仓惶出逃、马嵬坡演出悲剧的惨状,也没有罗列玄宗游乐疏政、骄奢淫逸的生活现象,而是把千里送荔枝博取贵妃一笑这样一件“小事”突现出来。
于细微处发现历史问题。“一骑红尘妃子笑”,把骑马飞奔,千辛万苦赶送鲜荔枝的差官,同贵妃嫣然一笑进行了绝妙的对比,把如此严肃的历史主题在一个“笑”字中形象表现出来,具有高度的概括性和典型性。 全诗以“回望”起笔,层层设置悬念,最后以“无人知”揭示谜底。这不仅揭露了唐明皇为讨好宠妃的欢心而无所不为的荒唐,同时以前面渲染的不寻常气氛相呼应,全诗无一难字,不事雕琢,清丽俊俏,活泼自然,而又寓意精深,含蓄有力,确是唐人绝句中的上乘之作。
《过华清宫》其一:长安回望绣成堆,山顶千门次第开。一骑红尘妃子笑,无人知是荔枝来。与以上两首不同的是,这首诗另翻新意地选取“荔枝”这一特殊物象将贵妃的恃宠而骄,皇帝为讨宠妃欢心无所不为的荒唐和驿骑会汗淋漓,苦不堪言衔接成一幅画面。全诗通过以小见大的独特视角,选择“一骑红尘”与“妃子笑”之间的戏剧性冲突烘托全诗的中心主题,构思、布局之妙,令人叹服。当然还有很多其他写法特别之处需要我们慢慢品味。
如果只是读前三句“长安回望绣成堆,山顶千门次第开,一骑红尘妃子笑”,不读最后一句,恐怕我们读者会产生很多悬念。其一,我们压根儿不知道为什么要从长安回望骊山;,再者,我们不明白“山顶千门”为什么要一重接一重地打开;还有,我们恐怕更不知道“一骑红尘”是干什么的、“妃子”又为什么要 “笑”„„诗歌有卒章显志的写法,所以当我们读完最后一句“无人知是荔枝来”,便会恍然领悟:原来,卷风扬土,“一骑”急驰,华清宫千门,从山下到山顶一重重为他敞开,只是为了把新鲜的荔枝尽快送到杨贵妃嘴里。但是这确实是我们“无人知”的,一个否定句,既解了悬念,又画龙点睛,蕴含深广。
读完首句,皇帝在当时的京城—长安,日理万机,而妃子自应留在京城,因而飞送荔枝者直奔长安,而皇帝、贵妃却在骊山行乐!这就出现了“长安回望绣成堆”的镜头。次句承 “绣成堆” 写骊山华清宫的建筑群。这时候, “一骑”已近骊山,望见“山顶千门次第开”;山上人也早已望见“红尘”飞扬,“一骑”将到,因而听到皇帝谕令将“山顶千门”次第打开。紧接着,便出现了“一骑红尘妃子笑”的戏剧性场景。一方面,是以卷起“红尘”的没日没夜奔驰,送来荔枝的“一骑”,挥汗如雨,苦不堪言;另一方面,则是得到新鲜荔枝的贵妃,嫣然一笑,乐不可支。两相对比映衬,蕴含着对骄奢淫逸生活的无言谴责,虽是无言的谴责恐怕胜过千言万语。前三句诗并未提到荔枝,如果象前面分析的那样句句讲荔枝,就会太平淡很多。
这正如吴乔《围炉诗话》说:“诗贵有含蓄不尽之意,尤以不著意见声色故事议论者为最上。”杜牧这首诗的艺术魅力就在于含蓄、精深,诗不明白说出玄宗的荒淫好色,贵妃的恃宠而骄,而形象地用“一骑红尘”与“妃子笑”构成鲜明的对比,就收到了比直抒己见强烈得多的艺术效果。“妃子笑”三字颇有深意。不由使人想到春秋时周幽王为博褒姒一笑“烽火戏诸侯” 而最终导致国破身亡典故。“无人知”三字也发人深思。其实“荔枝来”并非绝无人知,至少“妃子”知,“一骑”知,还有一个诗中没有点出的皇帝更是知道的。这样写,意在说明此事重大紧急,外人无由也没有机会得知,这就不仅揭露了皇帝为讨宠妃欢心无所不为的荒唐,也与前面渲染的不寻常的气氛相呼应。全诗不用难字,不使典故,不事雕琢,朴素自然,寓意精深,含蓄蕴藉。
编辑本段李约版
过华清宫
君王游乐万机轻,一曲霓裳四海兵。
玉辇升天人已尽,故宫惟有树长生。
注释译文
君主追求淫逸,将国计民生的大事看得很轻。结果,兵变作乱,帝后升天,惟有千年长生树仍直直地长在那里。
鉴赏
整首诗通过今昔对比:昔日霓裳羽衣,歌舞升平;今朝杂树丛生,宫殿荒凉,咏史感怀,讽刺统治者荒淫误国,感叹王朝的兴衰。
过华清池绝句篇九
《过华清宫》